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'\    i    . 

■     t 

^.■i 

1 

2 

3 

4     . 

5. 

6 

^ 


? 


ALIENATION 


OK    THE 


Delaware  and  Shawanese 

Indians. 


1759- 


"  <* 


\ 


CAUSES  OF  THE  ALIENATION 


OF    THE 


D  FLAW  ARK    AND    ShAWANKSK 

Indians 


KROM    THE 


BRITISH    INTEREST. 


2  Nri">MViS'V.Rr.  ^7- 

'"-rr — ^ ■:= 


PHILADELPHIA: 

JOHN      CAMPBELL, 

MDCCCLXVII. 


No. 


Edition  OF  250  Copies, 

Of  which   75  copies  arc  in  quarto,  and   25  copies 

in  folio. 


PRINTED  BY   HENRY   B.   ASHMEAD, 


No.  1 101  Sansom  Street. 


I      I 


r 


'% 


A  N 


i   I 


ENQUIRY 

INTO    THE 

Caufes  of  the   Alienation 

O  F    T  H  E 

Delaware    and    Shawanese    Indians 

FROM    THE 

BRITISH    INTEREST, 

And  into  the  Meafures  taken  for  recovering  their 
Friendship. 

Extraaed  from  the  Public  Treaties,  and  other  A-^rlien- 
tic  Papers  relating  to  the  Tranfadions  of  the  Gc>^-:.n- 
mcnt  of  Penftlvania  and  the  faid  Indians^  for  near  t  crty 
Years;  and  explained  by  a  M  A  P  of  the  Country. 

Together  with  the  remarkable  Journal  of  Chripan  Frederic  Pojl, 
bv  whofe  Negotiations,  among  the  Indiam  on  the  Ohio,  they  were 
withdrawn  from  the  Interell  of  the  French,  who  thereupon 
abandoned  the  Fort  and  Country. 

With  Notes  by  the  Editor  explaining  fundry  Indian  Culloms,  &c. 

Written  in  Penfylvania. 


LONDON: 

Printed  for  J.  Wilkie,  at  the  Bible,  in  St.  Paul's  Church-yard. 

MDCCLIX. 


THE 


INTRODUCTION. 


IT  has  been  to  many  a  Caufe  of  Won- 
der, how  it  comes  to  pafs  that  the 
Englijh  have  fo  few  Indians  in  their  In- 
tereft,  while  the  French  have  fo  many 
at  Command;  and  by  what  Means  and 
for  what  Reafons  thofe  neighbouring 
Tribes  in  particular,  who,  at  the  firft 
Arrival  of  the  Englifi  in  Penfyhania,  and 
for  a  long  Series  of  Years  afterwards, 
(hewed  every  Mark  of  Affedtion  and 
Kindnefs,  (hould  become  our  moft  bitter 
Enemies,  and  treat  thofe  whom  they  had 
fo  often  declared  they  looked  upon  as  their 
Brethren,  nay  as  their  own  Flefh  and 
Blood,  with  fuch  barbarous  Cruelties. 

By  fome  they  are  looked  on  as  faithlefs 
and  perfidious;  while  others,  confidering 
their  former  Friendship,  the  many  Services 
they  have  done  the  Englijhy  and  the  steady 

At- 


|4 

Attachment  they  have  rtiewed  to  our  In- 
tereft  during  feveral  Wars  with   France, 
imagine  there   muft   be  fomc   Caufe   for 
this  Change   in   their    Behaviour.      The 
Indians  themfelves,  when  called  upon  in 
a  public  Treaty,  to  explain  the  Motives  of 
their  Condud,  declare  that  the  Sollicita- 
tions  of  the  French^  joined  with  the  Abufes 
they  have  fuffered  from  the  Efiglijh,  parti- 
cularly in  being  cheated  and  defrauded  of 
their  Land,  have  at  length  induced  them 
to  become  our  Enemies  and  to  make  War 
upon  us. 

That  the  French  had  been  ac^tive  to 
draw  off  the  Indians y  and  engage  them  in 
their  Intereft,  was  not  doubted :  But  as 
to  the  Complaints  they  made  of  Abufes 
received  from  the  EngUjl\  and  of  their 
being  wronged  of  their  Lands,  much 
Pains  have  been  taken  to  reprefent  them 
as  groundlefs,  and  only  lame  Excufes  for 
their  late  Perfidioufnefs.  Nay  fomc  have 
gone  fo  far  as  to  fay,  that  thefe  Complaints 
arc  the  Effeds  of  the  unhappy  Divifions 
that  prevailed  in  this  Government. 

In  order  therefore  to  clear  up  thefe 
Points,  and  to  examine  into  the  Founda- 
tion and  Truth  of  thefe  Complaints,  Re- 
courfe  has  been  had  to  as  many  of  the 

Treaties 


!   i 


I  5  I 
Treaties  and  Conferences  held  between  the 
Indians  and  this  Government,  for   above 
thirty  Years  paft,  as  could  be  procured. 

It  is  a  Matter  of  no  fmall  Confequence 
to  know  the  Grounds  of  the  Complaints 
made  by  the  Indians,  that,  in  cafe  they 
are  falfe,  Juftice  may  be  done  to  the 
Characters  of  thofe  who  are  injured  there- 
by; and,  if  true,  that  proper  Remedies 
may  be  applied,  and  that  the  Crown  of 
Great  Britain  may  not,  by  the  Avarice  and 
Wickednefs  of  a  few,  be  deprived  of  the 
Friendrtiip  and  Alliance  of  thofe  Nations 
who  are  capable  of  being  our  moll  ufcful 
Friends,  or  moft  dangerous  Enemies. 

It  could  have  been  wirtied,  for  the  Sake 
of  Truth,  that  Accefs  had  been  allowed 
to  the  Minutes  of  Council,  which  are 
the  only  public  Record  kept  of  the  Tranf- 
adtions  between  the  Government  of  Penfyl- 
vania  and  the  Indians  \  or  that  the  Minutes 
of  feveral  Conferences  with  the  Indians  had 
been  duly  taken,  and  regularly  publifhed; 
or  that  all  the  Deeds  granted  by  the  In- 
dians had  been  recorded  in  the  Rolls-Office, 
as  they  ought  to  have  been:  Had  thefe 
been  done,  the  Matter  might  have  been 
fet  in  a  fuller  and  clearer  Light.  How- 
ever, by  perufing  the  following  Extradls, 

taken 


;  si 
U 


M 


I 


•I 


[6] 
taken  from  fuch  Treaties  as  could  be  met 
with,  from  the  Votes  of  the  AlTembly, 
from  fuch  Deeds  as  have  been  recorded, 
and  from  other  authentic  Papers  and  Let- 
ters, it  will  be  clearly  feen  whether  the 
Complaints  of  the  Indians  are  only  invent- 
ed to  palliate  their  late  Condudl ;  whether 
they  are  the  Effeds  of  Party;  or  whether 
their  Pretenfions  are  reafonable  and  their 
Demands  confident  with  Juftice. 


AN 


10, 


A  N 


ENQUIRY,     &c. 


GOVERNOR  Keith  having,  in  1722,  re-Introduc- 
ceived  Advice  that  fome  Perfons  under ^°"  ^° 
Pretence  of  fearching  for  Copper  Mines,  in-jj^^^'^' 
tended  to  take  up  Lands,  by  virtue  of  Mary- 
land Rights  on  the  Weft  Side  of  the  River  Suf- 
quehannah  above  ConefiogOy  iflued  a  Proclamation 
to  prevent  them.  Soon  after,  having  Advice 
that  fome  Perfons  were  actually  gone  from 
Maryland  to  furvey  the  Land,  he  went  thither 
himfelf  with  the  Surveyor-General  of  the  Pro- 
vince, and  arriving  firft,  ordered  the  Surveyor- 
General,  by  virtue  of  Proprietary  Rights  which 
he  had  before  purchafed,  to  furvey  for  him  five 
hundred  and  thirty  Acres  of  Land  upon  that 
Spot,  which  he  perceived  was  like  to  prove  a 
Bone  of  Contention  and  the  Occafion  of  Mis- 
chief. Upon  his  Return  being  informed  that 
the  young  Men  of  Conejiogo  were  going  out  to 
War,  he  thought  it  neceflary  to  hold  a  Confer- 
ence with  thofe  Indians^  and  accordingly  going 
to  their  Town,  called  a  Meeting  of  the  Chiefs 
of  the  MingoeSy  the  Sbawanefe^  and  the  Ganaway 
[Conoy)  Indians^  at  which  he  reminded  them  of 
the  Friendfhip  that  fubfifted  between  them  and  Coneftogo 
this  Government,  of  the  Favours  he  had  done  Treaty, 
them,  how  he  had  gone  to  Virginia  to  serve  1722. 

them, 


i't 


i! 

i      1 


(  «  ) 
them,  and  at  their  Requeft  removed  one  John 
Grijl  from  a  Settlement  he  had  made  beyond 
the  Sufquehanmh,  and  had  ftridly  forbidden  any 
Perfon  from  takeing  up  Lands  or  fettling  there 
without  his  Leave,  ^c.  In  the  Clofe  of  his 
Speech  he  informs  them  of  the  News  he  had 
heard  of  their  going  to  War,  and  abfolutely 
forbids  them  to  go. 

Hereupon  the  Indians  called  a  Council,  and 
having  agreed  upon  an  Anfwer,  met  the  Gover- 
nor next  Day:  And  Civility  their  Chief  having, 
in  the  Name  of  the  Indians^  thanked  the  Gover- 
nor for  the  Pains  he  had  taken  to  ferve  them, 
and  exprefled  the  Confidence  they  had  in  the 
Government,  declares,  that  tho'  their  Warriors 
were  intended  againft  the  Catawbas,  yet  as  the 
Governor   difapproved    of   their   going    they 
fhould  be  immediately  flopped,  after  which  he 
proceeds  to  fay,   *' That  when  the  Proprietor, 
IVilliam  Penn,  came  into  this  Country  Forty 
Years  ago,  he  got  fome  Perfon  at  New  York  to 
purchafe  the  Lands  on  SuJ'quebannah  from  the 
Five  Nations,  who  pretended  a  Right  to  them, 
having  conquered  the  People  formerly  fettled 
there;  that  when  William  Penn  came  from  New 
York  he  fent  for  them  to  hold  a  Council  with 
him  at  Philadelphia^  and  (hewed  them  a  Parch- 
ment, which  he  told  them  was  a  Right  to  thofe 
Lands,  that  he  had  purchafed  them  from  the 
Five  Nations,  for  which  he  had  fent  a  great 
many  Goods  in  a  VefTel  to  New  York\    that 
when  the  Conejlogoes  underftood  he  had  bought 
their  Land,  they  were  forry;  upon  which  IVil- 
liam  Penn  took  the  Parchment  and  laid  it  upon 
the  Ground,  faying  to  them,  that  it  fliould  be 
in  common  amongll  them,  viz.  the  Englijh  and 
the  Indians \  that  when  William  Penn  had  after 
that  Manner  given  them  the  fame  priviledge 

to 


I 


f 


U4 


(  9  ) 

to  the  Land  as  his  own  People,  he  told  them 
he  would  not  do  as  the  Marylanders  did,  by 
calling  them  Children  or  Brothers  only;  for 
often  Parents  would  be  apt  to  whip  their  Chil- 
dren too  feverely,  and  Brothers  fometimes 
would  differ;  neither  would  he  compare  the 
Friendfhip  between  him  and  the  Sujquehannah 
Indians  to  a  Chain,  for  the  Rain  might  fome- 
times ruft  it,  or  a  Tree  fall  and  break  it;  but 
he  faid  the  Indians  fhould  be  efteemed  by  him 
and  his  People  as  the  fame  Flefh  and  Blood 
with  the  Chriftians,  and  the  fame  as  if  one 
Man's  Body  was  to  be  divided  in  two  Parts. 
After  they  had  made  fo  firm  a  League  with 
iVilliam  Penn^  he  gave  them  that  Parchment, 
(here  Civility  held  a  Parchment  in  his  Hand) 
and  told  them  to  preferve  it  carefully  for  three 
Generations,  that  their  Children  might  fee  and 
know  what  then  pafled  in  Council,  as  if  he  re- 
mained himfelf  with  them  to  repeat  it,  but  that 
the  fourth  Generation  would  both  forget  him 
and  it." 

Civility  prefented  to  the  Governor  the  Parch- 
ment in  his  Hand  to  read;  it  contained  Articles 
of  Friendfliip  and  Agreement  made  between 
the  Proprietary  and  them,  and  confirmed  the 
Sale  of  Lands  made  by  the  Five  Nations  to 
the  Proprietary*. 

*  i^fry.  By  what  Civility  fays,  would  it  not  appear  that 
the  Indians  were  not  made  fully  acquainted  with  the  Nature 
of  that  Parchment,  tor  after  what  is  faid  of  their  being  forry 
that  the  Proprietor  had  bought  their  Lands,  can  it  be 
imagined  that  they  intended  by  it  to  give  up  their  Right  to 
that  Land,  or  to  confirm  to  the  Proprietary  the  Purchafe 
made  of  the  Five  Nations,  without  rcferving  themfelves  a 
Right  to  thofe  Lands  in  common  with  the  Englijh,  agree- 
able to  what  they  imagined  was  promifed  to  them  ?  But 
it  may  be  noted,  all  we  know  of  the  Contents  of  the  Writing 
is  from  this  account  given  by  the  Proprietary  Agents. 

B  The 


(    10    ) 


II 


II 
1 


Ui^ 


'The  Governors  Anjwer  to  this  is  as  follows  : 

"I  am  very  glad  to  find  that  you  remember 
fo  perfectly  the  wife  and  kind  Expreflions  of 
the  great  and  good  IVilliam  Penn  towards  you ; 
and  I  know  that  the  Purchafe  which  he  made 
of  the  Lands  on  both  Sides  Sujquebannah,  is 
exaftly  true  as  you  tell  it,  only  I  have  heard 
farther,  that  when  he  was  fo  good  to  tell  your 
People  that  notwithftanding  that  Purchafe  the 
Lands  fliould  ftill  be  in  common  between  his 
People  and  them,  you  anfwered,  that  a  very 
little  Land  would  ferve  you,  and  thereupon 
you  fully  confirmed  his  Right  by  your  own 
Confent  and  good  Will,  as  the  Parchment  you 
fliewed  me  fully  declares." 

On  the  fecond  Day  of  the  Conference  the 
Governor  bade  Civility  aflc  all  the  Indians  pre- 
fent,  if  they  were  well  pleafed  to  underftand 
that  the  Governor  had  taken  up  a  fmall  Trad 
of  Land  fo  near  them  on  the  other  Side  of 
Sujquchannah. 

They  answered,  That  they  liked  it  very  well, 
and  faid  it  was  good  Luck  to  them  that  there 
was  any  Thing  to  be  found  there  which  could 
invite  the  Governor  to  make  a  Settlement 
amongft  them ;  but  they  defired  to  know 
whether  ihe  Governor's  fettling  there  would 
not  occafion  the  immediate  Settlement  of  all 
that  Side  of  the  River,  and  if  that  was  the 
Governor's  Intention. 

To  which  the  Governor  anfwered,  "It  was 
not  the  Intention  of  the  Government  as  yet, 
to  fuffer  that  Side  of  the  River  to  be  fettled, 
being  they  could  have  no  Magiftrates  or  great 
Men  there  to  keep  the  People  in  Peace  and 
good  Order;  and  that  the  Governor  had  only 

taken 


(  »I ) 

taken  up  that  Land  himfelf  at  this  Time  to 
prevent  others  from  doing  it  without  his 
Knowledge,  and  contrary  to  his  Orders ;  and 
that  he  might  be  nearer  to  them  himfelf,  in 
order  to  fave  and  proted  them  from  being  dif- 
turbed  by  any  Perfons  whatfoever." 

At  this  Treaty  the  Indians  complain  of  the 
Damage  they  receive  by  ftrong  Liquor  being 
brought  among  them  ;  they  fay,  "The  Indians 
*'  could  live  contentedly  and  grow  rich,  if  it 
"  were  not  for  the  Quantities  of  Rum  that  is 
*'  fuffered  to  come  amongft  them,  contrary  to 
**  what  William  Penn  promifed  them." 

In  anfwer  to  this  the  Governor,  after  letting 
them  know  how  much  he  is  pleafed  with  the 
Satisfadlion  they  exprefs  at  his  making  a  fmall 
Settlement  near  them,  "Aflures  them  that  he 
will  be  at  fome  Pains  to  make  it  ufeful  and 
convenient  to  them,  by  endeavouring  to  hinder 
his  People  from  bringing  fuch  Quantities  of 
Rum  to  fell  among  the  Indians.'' 

In  the  Treaty  held  at  Philadelphia  July  1727, 
between  Governor  Gordon  and  the  Deputies  of 
the  Five  Nations,  the  Indians  Speaker,  Tanne- 
ivhannegah^  informs  the  Governor,  "That  the 
Chiefs  of  all  the  Five  Nations  being  met  in 
Council,  and  underftanding  that  the  Governor 
of  this  Province  had  divers  Times  fent  for 
them  to  come  hither,  had  therefore  fent  him 
and  thofe  prefent  with  him,  to  know  the  Gov- 
ernor's Pleafure."  After  this  he  proceeds  to 
fay,  "That  the  firft  Governor  of  this  Place, 
OnaSy  (/'.  e.  Governor  Penn)  when  he  firft  arrived 
here,  fent  to  them  to  defire  them  to  fell  Land 
to  him,  that  they  anfwered  they  would  not  fell 
it  then,  but  they  might  do  it  in  Time  to  come; 
that  being  feveral  times  fent  for,  they  were 
now  come  to  hear  what  the  Governor  had  to 

offer, 


I 


;l 


h' 


!    i 


i     I 


(     12     ) 

offer,  that  when  the  Governor  was  at  Jl/^any  he 
had  fpoke  to  them  to  this  Purpofe;  Well,  my 
Brethren,  you  have  gained  the  Vidlory,  you 
have  overcome  thefe  People,  and  their  Lands 
are  yours,  we  fliall  buy  them  of  you.  How 
many  Commanders  are  there  amongft  you?" 
And  being  told  they  were  forty,  he  faid, 
"Then  if  you  will  come  down  to  me  I  will 
give  each  of  thefe  Commanders  a  Suit  of 
Cloaths  fuch  as  I  wear."  He  farther  takes 
Notice,  "That  a  former  Governor  meeting 
fome  of  the  Warriors  of  the  Five  Nations  at 
Cone/logo,  defired  them  to  fpeak  to  their  Chiefs 
about  "the  Purchafe  of  the  Land  at  T/anandowa  \ 
that  having  no  Wampum  to  fend  by  them  as 
a  Token  of  the  Meflage,  he  gave  the  Warriors 
a  Cafk  of  Powder  with  fome  Shot,  a  Piece  of 
red  Strowds  and  fome  Duffels;  that  the  War- 
riors delivered  their  Meffage  to  their  Chiefs, 
who  have  now  fent  to  let  the  Governor  know 
they  are  willing  to  proceed  to  a  Sale." 

In  anfwer  to  this  the  Governor  tells  them, 
"  That  he  is  glad  to  fee  them,  that  he  takes 
their  Vifit  very  kindly  at  this  Time,  but  that 
they  were  misinformed  when  they  fuppofed  the 
Governor  had  fent  for  them;  that  Governor 
Penn  had,  by  Means  of  Colonel  Dungan, 
already  bought  of  the  Five  Nations  the  Lands 
on  SuJqueoamiab\  that  the  Chiefs  of  the  Five 
Nations  about  five  Years  ago,  when  Sir  IVil- 
liam  Keith  was  at  Albany^  had  of  themfelves 
confirmed  the  former  Grant,  and  abfolutely  re- 
leafed  all  Pretenfions  to  thefe  Lands;  that  the 
Prefent  which  a  former  Governor  made  to 
fome  Indian  Warriors  at  Conejlogo^  was  not  with 
a  View  to  purchafe  the  Lands  at  '■TJanandowa\ 
that  he  was  obliged  to  them  for  their  Offer  to 
fell  thefe  Lands  if  they  were  not  yet  purchafed; 

but 


(   '3   ) 

but  that  he  cannot  treat  about  them  at  prefent; 
that  IVilliam  Penns  Son,  who  was  born  in  this 
Country,  is  expedled  over  here;  who,  when  he 
comes,  may  treat  with  them  if  he  thinks  it 
proper;  that,  in  the  mean  Time,  as  thefe  Lands 
lie  next  to  the  Engli/h  Settlements,  tho'  at  a 
great  Diftance,  he  fhall  take  this  Offer  as  Proof 
of  their  Refolution  to  keep  them  for  him." 

After  this  the  Indians^  defiring  a  farther  Con- 
ference with  the  Governor,  inform  him,  "That 
there  come  many  Sorts  of  Traders  among 
them,  both  Indians  and  Englifli^  who  all  cheat 
them,  and,  tho'  they  get  their  Skins,  they 
give  them  /ery  little  in  Pay:  They  have  fo 
little  for  them  they  cannot  live,  and  can 
fcarce  procure  Powder  and  Shot  to  hunt  with 
and  get  more.  Thefe  Traders  bring  little  of 
thefe,  but  inftead  of  them  they  bring  Rum, 
which  they  fell  very  dear."  They  farther 
take  Notice,  "That  both  the  French  and  the 
Engli/Ii  are  raifing  Fortifications  in  their 
Country,  and  in  their  Neighbourhood,  and 
that  great  Numbers  of  People  are  fent  thither, 
the  Meaning  of  which  they  do  not  very  well 
conceive,  but  they  fear  fome  ill  Confequence 
from  it.  They  defire  that  no  Settlements 
may  be  made  up  Sufquehannah  higher  than 
Paxton\  that  none  of  the  Settlers  thereabouts 
be  fufFered  to  keep  or  fell  any  Rum  there; 
for  that  being  the  Road  by  which  their  Peo- 
ple go  out  to  War,  they  are  apprehenfive  of 
Mifchief,  if  they  meet  with  I^iquor  in  thefe 
Parts,  for  the  fame  reafons  they  defire  that 
none  of  the  Traders  be  allowed  to  carry  any 
Rum  to  the  Ohio:  And  this  they  defire  may 
be  taken  Notice  of  as  the  Mind  of  the  Chiefs 
of  the  Five  Nations." 

To  this  the  Governor  anfwered,  that,  "as  to 

Trade, 


;  i' 


i  ill 


m 


(    H  ) 

Trade,  they  know  it  is  the  Method  of  all  that 
follow  it  to  buy  as  cheap,  and  fell  as  dear,  as 
they  can,  and  every  Man  muft  make  the  beft 
Bargain  he  can;  the  Indians  cheat  the  Indians y 
and  the  Englijh  cheat  the  EngliJIi^  and  every 
Man  muft  be  on  his  Guard ;  that  as  to  Rum 
feveral  Laws  had   been   made  to  prevent  its 
being  carried  among  them,  that   they  might 
break  the  Caflcs  and  deftroy  all  the  Rum  that 
was  brought  to  them;   that  hitherto  no  Settle- 
ments  had  been  allowed  to   be  made  above 
Paxton,  but  as  young  People  grow  up  they  will 
fpread  of  Courfe,  tho'  that  will  not  be  very 
{jieedily;    that   as    to    the    Fortifications,  the 
Englijh  being  their  Friends,  they  had  nothing 
to  fear  from  any  they  made,  and  as  to  thofe 
made  by  the  French,  they  were  fo  remote  he 
knew  nothing  of  them," 

Upon  Information  being  made  to  the  Gover- 
nor, in  April  1728,  by  one  Letort  an  Indian 
Trader,  that  Manawkyhichon,  a  Delaware  Chief, 
theAfll-m-  to  revenge  the  Death  o{ IVequeala'''''  [or  IVeekwe- 
bly.  ley)  who  had  been  hanged  in  the  Jer/eys  the 

Year  before,  was  endeavouring  to  engage  the 
Miamis,  or  'Tweektwees,  to  make  War  on  the 
Engli/hy  and  that  the  Five  Nations  had  joined 
with  him,  it  was  thought  advifeable  to  enquire 
farther  into  this  Matter.  In  the  mean  Time, 
it  was  judged  proper,  that  the  Governor  fhould 
take  fome  Notice  of  the  Indians  on  Sufqiiehan- 
nah  and  Delaware,  thefe  People  generally  think- 
ing themfelves  flighted,  as  no  Treaty  had  been 
held  with  them  for  fome  Time. 

*  This  ffWkcr/ry  is  the  fame  referred  to  in  the  Lancnllcr 
Treaty  in  May  1757,  whole  Death  is  alligneii  by  the  Depu- 
ties of  the  Five  Nations  as  one  of  the  Caules  of  the  prelcnt 
Diiicrence  between  the  Delazuara  and  Englijb. 

In 


Minutes 
of  Coun 
cil  deli- 
vered to 


r^ 


(  '5  ) 
In  Confequence  of  this,  the  Governor,  as  Treaty  of 
foon  as  he  received  Advice  that  Captain  Civil-  Coneftogo 
/■/y,  Chief  of  the  Conejlo^o  IndianSy  was  returned  '^^  " 
with  his  People  from  Hunting,  difpatched  an 
Exprefs    to    acquaint    thofe   Irtdians^   that    he 
would  meet  them  about  the  23d  of  May  at 
ConejlogOy  where  he  defired  that  the  Chiefs  of 
all  the  Indians  might  be  prefent,  and  that  Cap- 
tain   Civility   would   difpatch    Meflengers    to 
SaJfoonaHy  Opekajfet  and  Manawkybickon,  Chiefs 
of  the  Delawares,  who  live  up  the  River  Sufque- 
hannahy  to  be  there.     At  the  Time  appointed 
the  Governor  went  and  met  the  Chiefs  of  the 
Conejlogoes,  the  Delaware  Indians^   on  Brandy- 
IVine^  the  Canaweje^  and  the  Shawaneje  Indians. 
At  this  Conference  the  Governor  put  them  in 
Mind  of  the  League  of  Friendfliip  which  had 
long  fubfifted  between  them  and  this  Govern- 
ment, and  refrefhes  their  Memory  by  repeating 
the  principal  Heads  of  it.     After  this  he  in- 
forms them,  that  he  heard  the  'Tweektwees  were 
coming  as  Enemies  againft  this  Country,  which 
he  thought  muft  be  falfe  as  he  had  never  hurt 
the  'Tweektwees:  He  next  acquaints  them  of  a 
late  Skirmifh  between  eleven  foreign  Indians 
and  about  twenty  of  his  People,  at  a  Place 
called  Mabanaiawny;   that,  upon  receiving  the 
News,  he  immediately  repaired  to  the  Place, 
but  found  the  Indians  gone ;   that,  upon  his 
Return,  he  was  informed  of  two  or  three  furi- 
ous Men  having  killed  three  friendly  Indians^ 
and  hurt  two  Girls,  which  grieved  him  much; 
that  thereupon  he  had  the  Murderers  appre- 
hended and  put  in  Prifon,  and  that  they  (hould 
be   tried  and  punifhed  as   if  they  had  killed 
white  People.     He  likewife  lets  them  know 
that,  about  eight  Months  ago,  an  Engli/fi  Man 
was  killed  by  fome  Indians  at  the  Houfe  of 

John 


N 


n 


I 


(   16  ) 

John  Burt  in  Snake-Town,  and  dcfires  they 
would  apprehend  the  Murderers  and  bring 
them  to  Juftice. 

The  Indians,  in  their  Anfwer,  let  the  Gover- 
nor know,  they  are  well  fatisfied  with  what  he 
had  faid,  and  afTure  him  that  what  had  happened 
at  John  Burt's  Houfe  was  not  done  by  them, 
but  by  one  of  the  Min\;^nk's*,  another  Nation, 
for  which  Reason  they  can  say  nothing  to  it. 
Treaty  at      As  the  Meflages  which  Civility  fent  to  the 
Philadcl-   Delaware  Chiefs,  who  lived  on  Sujquchannah,  did 
phiai728.  j^Qj.  j-gj^j,]^  them  foon  enough  for  them  to  attend 
the  Treaty  at  Conejlogo,  the  Governor  defired 
them  to  meet  him  at  Philadelphia,     f  Accord- 
ingly, a  few  Days  after,  Sajfoonan,  King  of  the 
DelawareSy  with  Opekajfet,  and  a  few  more  of 
his  principal  Men,  came  to  Philadelphia,  where 
the  Governor  gave  them  a  hearty  welcome,  re- 
newed the  Treaties  of  Friendftiip  which  Mr. 
Penn  had  made  with  them  ;  acquainted  them  of 
the  Skirmifli  that  had  happened  betwixt  his  Peo- 
ple and  a  Party  of  Shawaneje,  who  came  armed 
and  painted  for  War,  and  were  taken  for  ftrange 
Indians  \  informed  them  of  the  unhappy  Acci- 
dent that  had  followed,  and  of  his  caufing  the 
Murderers  to  be  apprehended  and  put  in  Gaol 
to  be  tried  and  punifhed  as  if  they  had  killed 
one  of  his  Majeity's  Subjects;  and,  laftly,  he 
condoled  with  the  Friends  of  the  Murdered, 
and  com.forted  them  after  the  Indian  Manner. 
In  anfwer  to  this,  SaJJoonan  thanks  the  Gover- 
nor for  the  Speech  he  had  made,  declares  him- 
felf  well  plealed  with  what  the  Governor  faid  in 

*  Here  it  appears  the  Miriijinks  were  deilared  to  be  a 
Nation  over  whom  they  had  no  authority, 

I  Tho'  a  Meilage  was  lent  to  Miin, neks  hid:  tin,  as  well 
as  to  thefe,  yet  he  did  not  come,  being  at  that  'I'inie  full 
of"  Rel'entincnt  tor  the  Death  of  his  Kinlinan. 

Relation 


m 


(  17  ) 

Relation  to  the  Accident  that  had  happened  to 
the  Indians^  and  defired  that  no  Mifunderftand- 
ing  might  arife  on  that  Account,  and  concluded 
with  faying,  that,  in  two  Months,  he  defigned 
to  return  and  fpeak  more  fully. 

But,  being  told,  that  if  he  had  any  Thing  at 
all  upon  his  Mind,  it  was  now  a  proper  Time 
to  fpeak  it,  that  it  might  be  heard  by  all  that 
Company,  addrelfing  himfelf  to  Mr.  James 
Logan^^'  he  proceeded  to  fay,  "That  he  was 
'*  grown  old,  and  was  troubled  to  fee  the  Chrif- 
"  tians  fettle  on  Lands  that  the  Indians  had 
"  never  been  paid  for ;  they  had  fettled  on  his 
**  Lands,  for  which  he  had  never  received  any 
*'  Thing;  that  he  is  now  an  old  Man,  and  muft 
*' foon  die;  that  his  Children  may  wonder  to 
"fee  all  their  Father's  Lands  gone  from  them 
"without  his  receiving  any  Thing  for  them; 
"  that  the  Chriftians  now  make  their  Settle- 
"  ments  very  near  them,  and  they  fhall  have 
"  no  Place  of  their  own  left  to  live  on ;  that 
"  this  may  occafion  a  Difference  between  their 
"  Children  and  us  hereafter ;  and  he  would 
"willingly  prevent  any  Mifunderftanding  that 
"may  happen." 

As  this  Speech  was  addrefled  to  Mr.  Logan^ 
he,  with  the  Leave  of  the  Governor,  anfwered, 
"  That  he  was  no  otherwife  concerned  in  the 
"  Lands  of  this  Province  than  as  he  was  en- 
"  trufted,  with  other  Commiffioners,  by  the 
"  Proprietor  to  manage  his  Affairs  of  Property 
"in  his  Abfence;  that  Wtlliam  Penn  had  made 
"it  a  Rule  never  to  fuffer  any  Lands  to  be  fet- 
"  tied  by  his  People,  till  they  were  firft  pur- 
"  chafed  of  the  Indians\  that  his  Commiffioners 

*  Mr.  Logai;  was  the  Secretary  and  the  Proprietaries 
principal  Agent  or  CommiHioncr  tor  Land  Affairs  during 
near  forty  Years, 

c  had 


s'    f 


.f 


' 


:(•■ 


(     iS    ) 

"had  followal  the  lame  Rule,  ami  how  little 
"  RealoM  there  was  for  any  Complaint  againft 
"  him,  or  the  Commillloners,  he  would  now 
"  make  appear." 

He  faiil,  "That  SdJpj'jMaM,  who  is  now  pre- 

"  lent,  with  liivers  others  of  the  /w^//V/;/  Chiefs, 

"about  ten  \'ears  fince,  having  a  Notion  that 

"  thev  had  not  been  fully  paid  for  their  Lands, 

*  came  to  Phihulclphia  to  demand  what  was  due 

"  to  rhem ;  that  the  Huflnefs  was  heard  in  Coun- 

"cil,  and  he  then  produced  to  thofe  Indians  a 

"great  Number  of  Deeds,  by  which  their  An- 

"  certors  had  fully  conveyed,  ami  were  as  fully 

"  paiil  for  all  their  Lands  from  Duck  dreck  to 

lY      "near  the  Forks  of  Dc/azc-an;  ami  that  the  In- 

^^  (Hans  were  then   entirely   fatisfieil  with  what 

"  had  been  fliewn  to  them  ;  and  the  Commif- 

"  doners,  to  put  an  Knd  to  all  further  Claims 

"or  Demands  of  that  Kind,  in  Confuicration 

"of  their  Journey  and  'I'rouble,  made  them  a 

"  I'refent  in  the  I'roprietor's  Name  and  Ik-half, 

"  upon  which  they  agreed  to  fign  an  abfolute 

"  Releale  for  all   thole   Lands,  and  of  all    De- 

"  mands  whatfoever  upon  Account  of  the  faid 

"l*urchafe:"  And  exhibiting  the  faid   Inllru- 

ment  of  Releafe,  he  defired  it   might   be  read, 

which  was  done  in  thefe  Words  ; 

"  We  Sajfoonan,  King  of  the  Delaware  Jn- 
^^  dians,  and  Pokebais,  MctaJ/iicha\\  y/iyamaikan, 
"■  Pepaivviaman^  Cihettypcnceman  and  (Jpcka/fet^ 
"  Chiefs  of  the  faid  Indians^  do  acknowledge 
"  that  we  have  feen  and  heard  ilivers  Deeds  of 
"  Sale  read  unto  us,  under  the  Hands  ami  Seals 
"  of  the  former  Kings  and  Chiefs  of  the  Dela- 
"  -Ji'arc  Indians^  our  Anceftors  and  PredecefTors, 
"  who  were  Owners  of  Lands  between  Dela- 
^^  ware  and  Suj'quehannah  Rivers;  by  which 
"  Deeds  thev  have  granted  and  conveyed  unto 

''ll'illiam 


:| 


I! 

1^ 


(    19   ) 

ll'illiam  Pcfifi,  IVoprictor  anil  Governor  in 
Chief  of  the  Province  of  Pert/yhanui,  and  to 
his  Heirs  and  Affigns,  all  and  fingular  their 
Lands,  Iflanils,  Woods  and  Waters,  fituate 
between  the  faid  two  Rivers  of  Dduivare  :ini\ 
Si(f(juch(i)maby  and  had  received  full  Satisfac- 
tion for  the  fame.  And  we  do  further  ac- 
knowleilge,  that  we  are  fully  content  and 
fatistied  with  the  faid  Grant.  And  whereas 
the  Comiuiffioners,  or  Agents  of  the  fiid 
li'illium  Pom,  have  lieen  pleafed,  upon  our 
V'ifit  to  this  Government,  to  beftow  on  us,  as 
a  free  (iift,  in  the  Name  of  the  faid  It^iUuim 
Pctitiy  thefe  following  Goods,  viz.  '•' two 
Guns,  fix  Strowd-water  Coats,  fix  Blankets, 
fix  Duffel  Match-Coats,  and  four  Kettles,  we 
therefore,  in  CJratitude  for  the  faid  Prefent, 
as  well  in  Confideration  of  the  feveral  Grants 
made  by  our  Anceftors  and  Predeceflfors,  as 
of  the  faid  feveral  (ioods  herein  before-men- 
tioned, the  Receipt  whereof  wc  do  hereby 
acknowledge,  do,  by  thefe  Prefents,  for  us, 
our  Heirs  and  Succeflors,  Grant,  Remife, 
Releafe,  and  for  ever  quit  Claim  unto  the  faid 
iniliam  Pemiy  his  Heirs  and  Afligns,  all  the 
faid  Lands  fituate  between  the  faid  two  Rivers 
of  Delaware  and  Sujquebannah^  from  Duck 
Creek  to  the  Mountains  on  this  Side  Lechaiy, 
and  all  our  Kftate,  Right,  Title,  Intereft, 
Property,  Claim  and  Demand  whatfoever,  in 
and  to  the  fame,  or  any  Part  thereof;  fo  that 
neither  we,  nor  any  of  us,  nor  any  Perfon 
or  Perfons,  in  the  Behalf  of  any  of  us,  fliall, 
or  may  hereafter,  lay  any  Claim  to  any  of  the 
faid  Lands,  or  in  anywife  moleft  the  faid  /F;7- 

*  The  X'iiluc  of  thcll-  Guods  about  ten  Pounds  Sterling, 
or  one  Year's  Quit- Rent  of  20,000  Acres  of  Land  at  the 
old  Rent,  of  5,000  Acres  at  the  new. 

'Uiain 


5'' 


ii 


(  20 ) 

''Ham  Pchh,  his  Heirs  or  Affigns,  or  any  Per- 
"fon  claiming  by,  tVoni,  or  under  him,  them, 
"or  any  of  them,  in  the  peaceable  and  quiet 
"  Enjoyment  of  the  fame.  In  Witnefs  whereof 
"  we  have  hereunto  fet  our  Hands  and  Seals,  at 
"  Philadelphia^  the  fevcnteenth  Day  of  Septcm- 
"/'tr,  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  One  Thoufand 
"feven  Hundred  and  eighteen. 

"  Sealed  and  deli-    Sajfoonan  his  Mark  o 
"  vered  (by  all  but    Pokchais  his  Mark,  o 
''  Pokt'hais\ni\  Pt-    Mctajhecchay  his  Mark  o 
'■'■  pawmamaii,    who    Ayyamaikan  his  Mark  o 
"were    abfent)    in    67'£V/v/)tv/r<'Wrf;7  his  Mark  o 
"the    Prefence   of  0/>t'^-^/"t7  his  Mark  o 
"  JV.     Kieth,     Ro-    Pcpawniaman  his  Mark  o 
"  hert  AJhheton,  Sa- 

"■  mud  Prcjion,  Anthony  Palmer,  Jonathan  Dick- 
"  in/on,  Indian  Sam,  Son  to  PJfepenaikc,  Indian 
"  Peter,  Pokehais  s  Nephew  or  Aiueaykoman, 
'■'■  Kachagiiefcouk,  or  'Toby,  his  Mark,  Tujfoighee- 
"  man,  his  Mark,  Neejhalappih,  or  Andrew,  his 
"  Mark.  Sealed  and  delivered  by  Pokehais  and 
"  Pepaii'maman  in  the  Prefence  of  James  I.ogan, 
"  Robert  Ajheion,  Clement  Plumjled,  David ILvans, 
''  Nedazvazvax,  or  Oliver,  Neej/ialappv,  or  An- 
''drezar 

This  Deed  Sajfoonan  and  Opekaffet  both  ac- 
knowledged to  be  true,  antl  that  they  had  been 
paid  for  ;ill  the  Lands  therein-mentioned;  but 
Saffoonan  iaid,  the  Lands  beyond  thefe  Bounds 
had  never  been  paiti  for;  that  thefe  reached  no 
farther  than  a  few  Miles  beyond  Oley,  but  that 
their  Lands  on  •I'ulpyhockin  were  feated  bv  the 
Chriftians. 

^L•.  Logan  anfwereil,  that  he  umlerftood  at 
the  Time  that  Deed  was  drawn,  and  ever  fincc, 
that   Leehay   LI  ills,   or    NLjuntains,    rtretched 

awav 


!iV  it 


{    21    ) 

away  from  a  little  below  Lechay,  or  the  Forks 
of  Delaware^  to  thofe  Hills  on  Sujquehannah^ 
that  lie  about  ten  Miles  above  Pexton.  Mr. 
Farmer  faid,  thofe  Hills  pafled  from  Lechay  a 
few  Miles  above  0/^v,  and  reached  no  farther, 
and  that  "Tulpybockin  Lands  lay  beyond  them. 

Mr.  Logan  proceeded  to  fay,  that  whether 
thofe  Lands  of  '•Tulpyhockin  were  within  or  with- 
out the  Bounds  mentioned  in  the  Deed,  he 
well  knew  that  the  Indians^  fome  few  Years  fince, 
were  feated  on  them,  and  that  he,  with  the 
other  Commiflloners,  would  never  confent  that 
any  Settlement  fhould  be  made  on  Lands, 
where  the  Indians  were  feated ;  that  thefe  Lands 
were  fettled  wholly  againft  their  Minds,  and 
even  without  their  Knowledge. 

After  this,  Mr.  Logan,  by  a  Petition  prefent- 
ed  to  Governor  Keith  by  the  Dutch  settled  at 
'■Tulpyhockin,  goes  on  to  prove,  that  merely  by 
the  Authority  of  Governor  Keith,  "Thofe 
"  Foreigners  (namely  the  Dutch)  had  been  en- 
"couragcd  to  invade  thefe  Lands  (at  Tulpyhoc- 
'^  kin)  to  the  manifeft  Injury  of  the  Proprietor, 
"  and  to  the  great  Abufe  of  the  Indians,  who, 
"  at  that  very  Time,  were  feated  there,  and  had 
"  their  Corn  deftroyed  by  thofe  People's  Crea- 
"  tures."  Then  applying  to  the  Indians,  "He 
"defired,  that  tho'  theie  People  had  feated 
"  themfelves  on  the  'tulpyhockin  Lands,  without 
"  the  Commillioners  Leave  or  Confent,  yet 
"  that  they  would  not  offer  them  any  Violence, 
"or  injure  them,  but  wait  till  fuch  Time  as 
"  that  Matter  could  be  adjufted." 

As  the  Governor  had  examined  Civility^'-  and 
tlie  Conejiogo  Indians  about  the  Murder  that  was 
committed  at  John  Burl's,  fo  likewife  he  en- 


'■^'-  An  Iriiliari  Chief  l"o  called. 


quired 


!li 


,1 


'( 


if  ^} 


i    t 


•Mil 

.H 

'      'i 

! 


;i  '! 


if* 


i      i 


■I  1 


(  ^2  ) 

quired  of  thefe  whether  they  had  not  heard  of 
that  Matter,  and  whether  the  Indians^  who  com- 
mitted the  Murder,  belonged  to  them.  They 
faid,  they  had  heard  of  it,  but  it  was  not  done 
by  any  of  theirs,  but  by  fome  of  the  Miniffink 
Imiians:  The  Governor  then  afked  tiiem  where 
thofe  of  that  Nation  b"ved,  and  under  what 
Chief  To  which  they  anfwered.  That  the  Mi- 
niffinks  lived  at  the  Forks  oi  Sujquehannah  above 
Meehayomy,  and  that  their  King's  Name  was 
Kindajfowa.  Tluis  we  fee  that  the  Mimffinks 
are  quite  a  distind:  Nation  from  the  Northern 
Deliiwares,  of  which  Sajfoonun  was  King,  and 
confequently  no  Lands  of  the  former  could  be 
conveyed  away  by  any  Grant  from  the  latter. 

As  the  Boundaries  between  the  Indians  and 

the  Englijh  are  fo  fully  afcertained  in  this  Treaty, 

it  was  thought  proper  to  be  thus  particular. 

Every  Thing  relating  to  Land  Affairs  are  here 

fo  clearly  ftated,  the  Deed  of  Releafe  fo  full 

and  explicit,  that   for   the   future   one  would 

imagine    no    Doubts    could     arile    refpeding 

Lands;  or,  fhould  any  arife,  they  might  eafily 

be  folved.      By  what  is  here  faid,   it  appears 

plain  that  the  Di'lawnre  Indians  can   have  no 

Pretenfions  to  the  Lands  i\'ing  between  SuJ'quc- 

bannah  and  Dclaivarc,  from  Duck  Creek  to  the 

Lechay  Hills  below  the   b'orks  of  Delawari'; 

and   that  the  Englijh^   at  that  Tiir.--,   had   no 

Right  or  Pretenfions,  under  Indian  Titles,  to 

any  Lands  North  of  the  faid  Lechay  H  ills;  that 

all  the  Deeds,  formerly  given  bv  the  Indians, 

were  carefully  examined,  and  the  I'.xtent  of  the 

Lands   therein  granted  was   fully  afcertained, 

and  all  includeil,  in  the  Deeil  of  171. S. 

it  may  not  be  amils  to  mention  here,  that 
the  Vear  before,  when  fome  Perfons  wanted  to 
take  up  Lands  in  the  Minijfmks  (which  is  in  the 

I'Orks 


^m 


(  23  ) 

Forks  of  Dela-wurc)  Mr.  Logan  wrote  to  the 
Surveyor  of  Bucks  County  to  prevent  it;  nay, 
would  not  permit  any  Lands  to  be  furveyed  on 
the  Lechay  Hills  four  Miles  above  Durham j 
becaufe  not  purchafed  of  the  Indians^  unlefs 
the  Indians  previoufly  engage  to  part  with  it 
very  reafonably.  This  appears  from  the  an- 
nexed Copy  of  the  Letter  which  has  been  com- 
pared with  the  Original  now  in  being.''' 

In  1729,  when  the  Conejlogoes  and  Ganaway  •j-^^^fy 
Indians  came  to  return  the  Governor's  Vifit,  with  the 
and  to  make  him  a  Prefent,  the  Shawanefe  did  Concllo- 
not  come,  having  (as  Civility  faid)  unhappily  ^°^p'^|^' 
fpent  all  their  Provifions  on  Rum;  for  which  j^,]}^;^^ 
Reafon  they  were  obliged  to  ftay  at  home  and  1729. 
provide  Subfiftence  for  their  Families:   How- 
ever, they  contributed  their  Part  of  the  Prefent 
to  be  made,  and  defired  that  thofe  that  came, 
to  fpeak  in  their  Name. 

At  this  Treaty  '■Tazvenna,  an  aged  Counfellor, 
repeated  the  Subftance  of  feveral  Conferences 


*  Friend  'J'bo.  ll'titfon,  Philiidclphia,  20.  Kov.  1727. 

This  Morning  I  wrote  to  thee  by  Jac.  7Wj/»r  concerning 
Warrants  that  may  be  ottered  thee  to  be  laid  out  on  the  Mi- 
nijJiNk  Lands,  and  was  then  of  Opinion,  that  the  Bearer, 
hereof,  Jof.  Wheeler,  propofed  to  lay  his  there.  Having 
fince  Icon  him,  he  tells  me  he  has  no  fuch  Thought,  but 
would  have  it  laid  three  or  four  miles  above  Durham,  on  a 
Spot  of  pretty  good  Land  there  amongll  the  Hills,  and,  I 
think,  at  Ibme  Dilhmce  from  the  River,  propofing,  as  he 
fays,  to  live  there  himfelf  with  his  Kinfman,  who  was  here 
with  him.  Pray  take  the  firil  Opportunity  to  mention  it  to 
"J.  Langborn;  for,  if  he  has  no  confiderable  Objedion  to  it 
(that  is,  if  he  has  laid  no  Right  on  it)  I  cannot  fee  that  we 
fliouid  make  any  other  than  that  it  is  not  purchafed  of  the  In- 
dians, which  is  lb  material  an  One,  that,  without  their  pre- 
vious luigagemcnt  to  part  with  it  very  reafonably,  it  cannot 
be  furveyed  there.  But  of  this  they  themfelvcs,  I  mean  "Jof. 
Wheeler,  Arc.  propol'e  to  take  Care.  This  is  what  offers  on 
this  Head  from  thy  loving  Friend, 

Ja.  Logan. 

which 


V 

V. 


1 1  •' 


{  24  ) 

which  Mr.  Poifi  had  held  with  the  Indians \  dc- 
fired  that  Love  and   Friendfhip   might   ever 
continue  between  the  Englijh  and  Indians \  that 
what  Governor  Penn  had  fpoke  to  them  might 
ever  be  remembered;   and  concludes  with  lay- 
ing, "  That  he  is  well  pleafed  with  all  that  has 
"  pafled  between  us  and  them,  but  is  apprehen- 
"five  fome   Mifchief  may  happen    thro'  the 
"great  Quantities  of  Rum  which   are  daily 
*'  carried  amongft  the/w^/;V/«j,who,  being  greedy 
"  of  that  Liquor,  are  foon  debauched  by  it,  and 
"  may  then  eafily  be  ftirrcd  up  to  fome  unhappy 
"or  ill  Adion;    that  William  Penn  had  told 
"  them  he  would  not  fuffer  any  large  Quantity 
"  of  that  Li(iuor  to  be  brought  among  them, 
"and  that  they  might  ft-'ve  the  Cafks,  and  fpill 
**  it,  if  they  found  any  in  the  Woods;  but  that 
"now  feveral  Hogflieads  of  Rum  are  brought 
"  to  Conejlogo,  and  to  feveral  other  Places  in 
"  their   Road,   and   near   to   them,    by  which 
'*  Means  the  Indians  are  tempted  not  only  to 
"fell  their  Peltry,  but  likewife  their  Cloathing, 
"for  that  Liquor,  and  are  much  impoveriflied 
"  thereby." 

To  this  Civility  added,   "  That  he  was  very 
"  uneafv  left  anv  Mifchief  flioultl  happen  thro' 
"the   great    Plenty    of    Rum    ilaily    brought 
amongft  them;  his  Concern,  he  faiti,  was  not 


"  fo  much  for  Fear  of  anv  Accident  a 


nionti 


tht 


^^  Indians  themfelves,  for  if  one  Indian  ftiould 
"  kill  another  they  have  many  Wavs  of  makinu: 


U 


p  fuch  an  Aft'air,  but  his  Uneafinefs  pro- 
ceeded from  an  Apj)rehenfu)n  left  a  Chriitian 
ftiould  be  ill  ufed  by  any  Indian  intoxicated 


wi 


th  Li 


iquor. 


The  (jovernor,  in  his  Anfwer,  fays,  "He  is 
pleafed  to  fee  them,  and  glail  to  find  they  re- 
membered what  irHliani  Penn  hail  faitl  to  them  ; 

that 


s\  dc- 

ever 
;  that 
might 
:h  lay- 
lat  has 
rehen- 
o'  the 

daily 
greedy 
it,  and 
ihappy 
id  told 
uantity 

them, 
nd  fpill 
)Ut  that 
)rought 
laces  in 
r  which 
only  to 
)athing, 

eriflied 

■as  very 
n  thro' 
rought 

was  not 

long  the 
(liould 
making 

cfs  j-iro- 
hriltian 

oxicated 

"He  is 

they  re- 
()  them ; 
that 


(  ^-5  ) 
that  as  to  what  they  complained  of  their  fuffer- 
ing  by  Rum,  many  Laws  had  been  made  againft 
it,  but  the  Indians  make  all  thefe  Laws  of  no 
Effed;  they  will  have  it;  they  fend  their  Wo- 
men for  it  to  all  l*laces  where  it  can  be  had;  he 
could  make  no  Laws  againft  their  drinking  it; 
that  they  muft  make  thefe  themfelves;  that,  if 
their  Women  would  carry  none,  it  would  be 
more  eafy:  However,  I  fliall,  fays  he,  endea- 
vour to  prevent  its  being  carried  in  fuch 
(^)uantities." 

This  was  commonly  the  Cafe  when  the  Indians 
complained;  they  had  fair  Promifes  made  them, 
but  no  effedual  Meafures  feem  to  have  been 
taken  to  redrefs  the  Grievance. 

In  1731,  the  Governor  having  received  Ad- Treaty 
vice  that  the  Sbazvantfe  had  been  once  or  twice  Yith  the 
at  Montreal  to  vilit  the  French  Governor,  was  ^  *Y?"^'^ 

,        ^  1  ,       , ,  ,  ,  .at  rhila- 

apprenenli  ve  that  the  trench  were  endeavouring  tieiphia 

to  gain  them  over  to  their  Intereft,  and  there-  1732. 
fore  fent  to  invite  them  to  a  Conference  at 
Philadelphia.  In  September,  1732,  Opakethiva 
and  Opakeita^  tv,o  of  their  Chiefs,  attended  with 
two  others,  came  down.  Upon  their  Arrival, 
the  Governor  afked  them,  why  they  had  re- 
moved fo  far  back  as  Allegheny  or  the  Ohio\  and 
why  they  had  been  fo  often  of  late  at  Canada'^ 

To  this  they  anfwered,  That  they  formerly 
lived  at  Potoniack,  where  their  King  died;  that, 
upon  his  Death,  not  knowing  what  to  do,  they 
took  their  Wives  and  Children,  and  went  over 
the  Mountains  to  live;  that  they  had  gone  to 
Canada  at  the  earneft  invitation  of  the  French 
Governor,  but  without  any  Intention  to  leave 
their  Brethren  the  Knglijh,  or  turn  their  Backs 
upon  them. 

They  were  then  put  in  Mind  of  their  coming 

to  Conejhgo  about  34  Years  before,  and  of  the 

D  Treaties 


Ui 


If) 


,1  hi 


lit  iS  i( 

'■A 


H     -I 


1 


(  26 1 

Trtatits  thcv  had  entered  into  with  this  Gov- 
ernment, and  were  intbrmcd,  that  it  was  a 
Matter  of  Surprize  that  they  fhould  retire  and 
leave  the  Province  without  firft  acquainting 
the  Governor  with  it.  They  were  told,  that 
■r'homas  Pcnn,  who  was  there  jirefent,  was  not 
pleafed  they  lliould  retire  to  fuch  a  Diftance; 
that  he  dcfired  they  might  live  near  us;  and 
that  they  might  not  he  ftraitned  for  want  of 
Land,  tliere  was  a  large  Tradt  laid  out  for  them 
about  their  Town  near  Pcxton^  which  fhould  he 
always  kept  for  thcni,  and  their  Children,  for 
all  Time  to  come,  or  To  long  as  any  of  them 
Ihould  continue  to  live  with  us. 

I'o  this  thev  anfwered,  that  they  had  heard 
of  the  Land  laid  out  for  them,  that  they  would 
come  and  fee  the  Land;  but  that  the  Place 
where  thev  are  now  fuits  them  better,  and  is 
fafer  to  live  in;  that  they  are  pleafed,  hov/ever, 
with  the  Land  laid  out  for  them,  and  defire  it 
mav  be  fecured  to  them.  The  next  Day  the 
Proprietor  told  them,  that  he  would  fend  a 
Survevor  to  run  Lines  about  the  Land  ititend- 
ed  for  them,  that  none  but  themfelves  and 
Pi'ttr  Chartiere  fliould  be  allowed  to  live  on  it. 

But  to  return  to  the  Delaivarcs.  We  have 
feen  above  that  the  Lands  on  Delaivarc  belong- 
ed originally  to  thofe  Indians^  and  that  of  then) 
the  Proprietor,  or  his  Agents,  had,  at  feveral 
Times,  bought  the  Lands  between  Duck  Creek 
and  the  Lecbay  Hills.  H owever,  the  w hite  Peo- 
ple, not  confining  themfelves  to  thefe  Bounds, 
went  over  and  lettled  on  the  huiian  I.ands. 
This  gave  the  hidiaris  Uneafinefs.  'i'hev  com- 
plained of  the  Settlement  at  I'ulpybochui,  and 
were  perfuaded  not  to  moleft  the  People  fettletl 
there,  but  to  wait  till  that  Matter  could  be 
adjufled.     Having  waited  fome  Time  without 

receiving 


^] 


Gov- 
was    a 
re  and 
linting 
i\,  that 
as  not 
ftance; 
s;  and 
ant  of 
ir  them 
)uld  be 
en,  for 
f  them 

1  heard 
'  would 
e  Place 

and  is 
[jwevcr, 
iefire  it 
)ay  the 

fend  a 
intend- 

es  and 
e  on  it. 
'e  have 
belong- 
of  them 
:  feveral 
ck  Creek 
ite  Per.- 
3ounds, 

Lands. 
L-y  com- 
/'/;/,  and 
e  fettled 
ould  be 

without 
cceiving 


(  V  ) 
receiving  any  Satisfadion  for  their  Land  un- 
juftly  taken  from  them,  and  feeing  further 
Encroachments  made,  they  renewed  their  Com- 
plaints, fo  that  in  17  ]i  the  Aflembly  took 
Notice  of  them  to  the  Governor,  and  defired 
that  the  Indians  might  be  made  eafy  refpeding 
their  Lands  which  thev  faid  were  taken  from 
them.  In  anfwer  to  this  the  Governor,  in  his 
Meflage  to  the  Aflembly,  fays,  "Your  Con-Y\)te<  of 
"  cern  that  our  own  Indians  fliould  be  madethe  AUcm- 
"  eafy,  and  thofe  Complaints  be  removed  that^b'  ^ 'j'- 
"  they  have  made  of  the  Chriftians  fettling  the^'^-P-'>*^- 
"  Lands  they  claim,  is  prudent  and  juft,  and, 
"  in  Compliance  with  your  Requeft,  I  fliall  not 
"  only  move  it  to  the  Proprietary  Truftees  to 
"make  a  Purchafe  of  thefe  Indians,  but  fliall 
"promote  it  by  all  the  Means  in  my  Power. 
"  This  I  underrtand  has  been  fo  long  delayed 
"  folely  in  Kxpedlation  of  the  Arrival  of  fome 
"of  our  Proprietors,  who,  as  the  Defcendants 
"  of  their  late  honourable  Father,  for  whofe 
"  Name  all  the  Indians  have  the  higheft  Regard, 
"  would  be  the  moft  proper  to  manage  fuch  an 
"  Affair  with  his  own  Kftate.  But  as  1  am 
"  afTured  the  Cientlemen  now  in  Truft  for  them 
''have  all  poird)le  Zeal  and  Affection  for  the 
''  Peace  and  true  Interefl:  of  the  Country,  it  is 
''  not  to  be  queftioned  but  that,  convinced  by 
''  the  Necelfity  of  it,  they  will  proceed  to  the 
''  utmoft  Lenofth  of  the  Powers  thev  are  in- 
"  verted  with,  i'o  tar  as  thev  can  with  anv  Safety 
"to  themfelves,  to  anfwer  your  and  my  Re- 
"quert  in  fo  important  an  Affair." 

Thus  we  fee  that  both  the  Governor  and 
Affembly  think  it  juft  and  reafonable,  nay,  that 
it  concerns  the  Peace  of  the  Country,  that  the 
Indians  fliould  be  made  eafy  refpedling  their 
Lands,  and  that  their  Complaints  rtiould  be  re- 
moved. 


!,>■? 


/.  i' 


IM 


a  u 


I 


■I 


I 


'I 


'"I 


(     2^    ) 

moved.  Nothing  however  was  done  in  that 
Affair  till  the  Arrival  of  the  Proprietary  ^Thowas 
Pcmi,  Kfq ;  which  was  the  Year  following.  Soon 
after  his  Arrival  a  Purchafe  was  made  of  the 
Lands  at  •T'ulpyhockin,  This  is  proveil  by  many 
living  Kvidences,  tho'  the  Deeiis  have  not,as  wc 
can  find,  been  recorded.  Hut,  at  the  fame  Time 
the  hidiuns  were  fitisfied  on  the  one  Hand, 
they  were  injured  on  the  other.  While  they 
were  paid  for  their  Lands  on  ^tulpybockin^  they 
were  verv  unjuftly,  and  in  a  Manner  forcibly, 
difpoflefled  of  their  Lands  in  the  J-'orks  of  Dcl- 
aivare.  At  this  very  Time  Mr.  // 'illiam  Allof"^ 
was  felling  the  Land  in  the  MiiiiJ/inks,  which 
had  never  been  purchafed  of  tiie  Indians  :  Nay, 
was  near  fortv  Miles  abo\e  the  Lcchay  Hills, 
which  was  fo  folemnly  agreetl  upon  to  be  the 
Boundary  between  the  Englijh  and  Indians. 

Governor  yV;///  had,  by  his  laft  Will  and  Tef- 
tament,  devifeii  to  his  (irandfon  inilian  Pcnn, 
antl  his  Heirs,  10,000  Acres  of  Land,  to  be  fet 
out  in  proper  and  beneficial  Places  in  this  Pro- 
vince by  his  Truftees.  Thefe  10,000  Acres 
Mr.  Allen  purchafed  of  William  J\nn,  the 
(irandfon,  and  bv  \'irtue  of  a  Warrant  or  Or- 
der  of  the  Truftees  to  Jacol^  Taylor,  the  Sur- 
vevor-Cieiieral,  to  furvey  the  faid  10,000  Acres, 
he  hail  Part  of  that  Land  located  or  laid  out  in 
the  MiniJJinks^  becaufe  it  was  good  Land,  tho' 
it  was  not  yet  purchafed  of  the  Indians.  1  lad 
he  contented  himfelfwith  fecuring  the  Right  to 
himfelf,  and  fuHeretl  the  Laiuls  to  remain  in  the 
Poflellion  of  the  Indians,  till  it  had  been  dulv 
purchafed  of  them  aiul  paid  for,  no  ill  C'onfe- 
(juences  woulil   ha\'e  enfued  :     Hut    (probably 

'''  One  (it  the  priiuipal  (jciulcmcn  iti  l\nlsk'ii>ii,i,  ;iik1  a 
great  Dealer  in  l,aii.l>  pureliaicd  ot  the  I'mprietarie^. 

fuppoling 


-B 


'.  ■r 

I 


I     1 


I     \ 


■"I 


;iiKl  a 


(  29) 
fuppofiiig  the  Matter  might  eafily  he  accom- 
nu)clate(l  with  them  in  fome  future  Treaty)  no 
fooner  had  he  the  l/ind  furveyed  to  him  than 
he  began  to  fell  it  to  thole  who  would  imme- 
diately fettle  it.  By  his  Deeds  to  TV.  DepHe, 
dated  lyjj,  and  recorded  in  the  Rolls-Office  of 
liiuks,  it  appears  that  one  of  the  Trads  he 
granted  included  a  Sha-ivamfe  Town,  and  that 
another  was  an  Ifland  belonging  to  the  fame 
Tribe  of  Indians^  and  from  them  called  the 
Sbaivna  Ijhnd. 

About  this  Time  the  Proprietor  publiflied 
Propofals  for  a  Lottery  of  one  hundred  Thou- 
fand  Acres  of  Land,  which  the  fortunate  Ad- 
venturers were,  by  the  fifth  Article  of  the 
Propofals,  allowed  to  "  lay  out  any  where 
"within  the  Province,  except  on  Manors, 
"  Lands  already  furveyed  or  agreed  for  with 
"  the  Proprietors,  or  their  Agents,  or  that  have 
"  been  artually  fettled  and  improved  before 
"  the  Date  of  thefe  Propofals  ;  provided  never- 
"  thelefs,  that  fuch  Perfons  who  are  fettled  on 
*•  Lands  without  warrants  for  the  fame  and  may 
"be  intituled  to  Prizes,  either  by  becoming 
"  Adventurers  themfelves,  or  by  purchafing 
"  Pri/.e-Tickets,  may  have  Liberty  to  lay  their 
"  Rights  on  the  Lands  where  they  are  fo 
"  feated."  So  that  there  was  no  Exception  of 
Lands  unpurchafed  of  the  Indians,  but  rather 
an  exprefs  Provifion  for  thofe  who  had  unjuftly 
feated  themfelves  there.  Again,  in  the  laft 
Article,  it  is  "  farther  agreed,  that  whereas  fev- 
"  eral  of  the  Adventurers  may  be  unacquainted 
"with  proper  Places  whereon  to  locate  the 
"  Prizes  they  have  been  intituled  to,  feveral 
"  Trarts  of  the  beft  vacant  Lands  (hall  be  laid 
"  out  and  divided  into  Lotts  for  all  Prizes  not 
"  lefs    than    200    Acres."      In    confequence  of 

this 


1  (. 


f/ 


H    1 


I 


>;? 


( 30 ) 

this,  fcvcral  Tnids  were  laid  out  111  the  Forks 
o( Delaware,  and  divided  into  Lots,  as  above 
agreed.  And  tho'  the  Lottery  did  not  readily 
fill,  and  confequently  was  not  drawn,  yet  ib 
manv  o<^  the  Tickets  as  were  ibiil  became 
Uiglits  to  the  Land,  by  Virtue  of  which  the 
Trarts  hiid  out  in  the  Forks  were  quickly  taken 
up  and  fettled. 

Thefe  tranfac^tions  provoked  the  Indians^  who 
feeing  thenifelves  like  to  be  deprived  of  their 
Lands  without  any  Confideration,  complained 
loudlv,  and  not  t)nly  complained  but  began  to 
threaten.     The   Proprietor  had   two  or  three 
Meetings  with  them,   the    Minutes  of  which 
were  never  publiihed.      But  finding  his  Endea- 
vours of  no  Avail  to  ftop  their  Clamours,  he 
had  Recourfe  to  another  Method,  refolving  to 
complain  of  them  to  the  Deputies  of  the  Five 
Nations,  who  were  expected  down  to  compleat 
the  Bufinefs  of  a  Treaty  which  fome  of  their 
Chiefs  held  with  this  Government  in  the  Year 
1732.     In  1736  the  Deputies  of  the  Five  Na- 
tions arrived.     That  a  Complaint  was  at  this 
Time  exhibiteil   againll   the  Delaivares  we  are 
informed   in    the   Treaty    1742;   but    in   what 
Terms  it  was  conceived,  or  what   Notice  the 
Deputies  took  of  it,  we  are  at  a  Lofs  to  fav,  as 
no  Minutes  are  publiflied  of  that  Affair.      In- 
deed the  Minutes  publiflied  of  the  Treatv  1  "36 
are  fo  imperfcdt,  that   they  only  ferve  to  (hew 
that  a  great  deal  was  tranfaded,  and  much  was 
faid,  of  which  little  or  no  notice  was  taken,  and 
over  which  a  veil  feems  to  be  caft.     We  arejufl 
told  that  mofi:  Part  of  a  Week  had  been  fpent 
in  treating  with  the  Proprietor  about  the  Pur- 
chafe  of  Lands,  and  that  they  had  fignetl   Re- 
leafes  to  him  for  all   the   Lands   King  between 
the  Mouth  ai Siij'qiiehanmib  and  kettacbtanimus 

( Khlatinny ) 


f    i 


1      I 


\  \x 


( J'  ) 

{Kittathwy)   Hills.      By  the   Deed  irft-lf  it  ap- ix.^.,i  ^f 
pears,  that  the    lixtent  of  the   Land  eaft ward  Rclcalc for 
was  "as   far  as  the  Heads  of  the  Branches  or '^"^l''"'  . 
"Springs  which  run  into  the  faid  ^^uffjuehan-^^^^^^^^^^' 
"  ;/<///,"  and  therefore  did  not  interfere  with  the  ,7^5^ 
Rights   of  the    Dc/azvan's,    who   chiimeil    the 
Lands  lying  upon   the  Waters  that  fall  into 
J)e/aiiuirt'. 

As  Matters  of  Land  were  pafled  over  almoft 
in  Silence,  fo  likewife  were  the  Indians  Com- 
plaints regarding  our  Trailers.  No  Notice  is 
taken  of  them  but  in  the  Speech  which  Mr. 
L.o^an  the  Prefident  afterwards  made  to  them. 
Nor  fliould  we  have  known  they  complained 
had  he  not  mentioned  it.  "You  havedefiredus, 
Hiys  he,  to  recall  all  our  Traders  from  the  Ohio 
or  y//ii[^/.'L'nv,  and  the  Branches  of  Su/r/ue/uinna/iy 
but  we  know  not  what  you  mean  by  our  recall- 
ing our  'IVaders  ;  your  are  fenfible  the  Indians 
cannot  live  without  being  fupplied  with  our 
Goods;  they  muft  have  Powder  and  Lead  to 
hunt,  and  Cloaths  to  keep  them  warm,  and  if 
our  People  do  not  carry  them^  others  will  from 
I'Ur^inia^  Maryland^  JerJ'eys^  and  other  Places, 
and  we  are  fure  you  do  not  defire  that  Indians 
fliould  trade  with  thofe  People  rather  than  with 
ours.  The  Traders  of  all  Nations  find  the 
Indians  are  fo  univerfally  fond  of  Rum  that 
they  will  not  deal  without.  We  have  made 
many  Laws  againft  carrying  it;  we  have  or- 
dereil  the  Indians  to  ftave  the  Cags  of  all  that 
is  brought  amongll  them,  but  the  Woods  have 
not  Streets  like  I'hiladelphia^  the  Paths  in  them 
are  entllefs  that  they  cannot  be  ftopt,  fo  that 
it  will  be  carried  from  one  Country  to  an- 
other." "  Jf,  replied  the  Indians,  the  Woods 
are  dark,  and  it  is  impoflible  to  prevent  Rum 
being  carried  to  Allegheny,  you  had  better  hin- 
der 


M 


\>' 


!: 


')  I 


" 

1 
?, 


,'  , 


dcr  am  I'cTlons  going  rhitlur  at  all,  ami  loii- 
finc  your  'I'railcrs  to^hc  Rivt-r  Suh/uflMnndl., 
and  Its  HranclK's ;  tor  as  fcvcral  buiuin  War 
riors  pais  l>y  .lllc\!^/u'ny,  where  (o  nuR-h  Uiini 
is  fonilantlv  to  be  hail,  wc  arc  apprclKiifivc 
Ionic  Milcliicf  may  happen,  and  this  Conlul- 
cration  ot'tcn  troubles  us."  In  anlvver  to  this 
the  hididus  were  tolil,  that  the  Traders  eoulil 
not  be  preventeil  from  going  where  they  might 
belt  dilpole  ot"  their  (iooils;  that  the  molt  pro- 
per Meafures  in  our  I'ower  lliould  be  taken  to 
hinder  their  carrying  Kum  in  such  (Quantities, 
and  it  was  hopcil  the  hui'ums  would  give  ItriCt 
Charge  to  the  Warriors  to  b.e  cautious  anil 
prudent  that  all  Kind  of  Mifchief  might  be 
prevented. 

It  has  been  remarked  above,  tliat  the  Lands 
granted  bv  the  Deputies  of  the  l*'ive  Nations 
lav  only  on  the  Waters  that  run  into  Sufijuc' 
baunab.  This  was  not  fufficient  to  give  any 
Colour  of  Right  for  fettling  the  Lands  in  the 
Forks  of  Dclaicarc  \  wherefore,  to  palliate  this, 
fome  of  the  Iiu/iiifis,  who  remained  in  Town, 
after  the  kind  Treatment  they  had  met  with, 
and  the  large  prefents  they  had  received,  were 
induced,  eleven  Days  after  the  publick  'I'reaty 
was  ended,  and  fourteen  Days  after  the  Date 
of  the  fird  Deed,  to  fign  a  I'iece  of  Writing, 
declaring,  That  "  their  Intention  and  Mean- 
"ing,  by  the  former  Deed,  was  to  releale  all 
"  their  Right,  Claim  and  Pretenfions  to  all  the 
"Lands  lying  within  the  Bounds  and  Limits 
"  of  the  Government  of  Pcnj'xhauid,  beginning 
"  eaftward  on  the  River  Dcliiivarc,  as  far  north- 
"  ward  as  the  faid  Ridge  of  endlefs  Mountains 
"  as  they  crofs  the  Country  of  Pcnj'\lvania  from 
"  the  Kallward  to  the  Weil." 

With  refped  to  this  Writing,  it  is  to  be  ob- 

icTved, 


I 


I   i 
!  i 


w 


[i 


(  33  ) 
fcrvcd,  that,  as  the  Five  Nations  claimed  no 
Right  to  the  Lands  on  Delaware,  they  could 
by  the  above  Inftiiiment,  convey  none.  They 
only  claimed  the  Lands  on  i^Hj'quebaimah,  for 
which  Keafon  they  fay  in  the  above  Treaty, 
*'  That  if  Civility  at  Coucjlo^o  fliould  attempt  to 
"  make  a  Sale  of  any  Laniis  to  us,  or  any  of  our 
**  Neighbours,  they  muft  let  us  know  that  he 
"  hath  no  Power  to  do  fo,  and  that,  if  he  does 
"any  Thing  of  the  Kind,  they  the  Indians  m\\ 
'*  utterly  difown  him."  But  nothing  like  this 
is  faid  of  the  J)e/azvareSy  tho'  it  was  well  known 
to  the  l*"ive  Nations  that  the  Delawares  under- 
took to  fell  Lands  to  the  En^lijh,  and  had  but 
a  fliort  time  before  fold  the  Tiilpybockin  Lands. 
But,  admitting  the  Five  Nations  had  a  Right, 
yet  can  it  be  luppofed  they  would  releafe  that 
Right  without  a  Confideration  ?  The  Extent 
of  Land,  taken  in  by  the  laft  Inftrument  of 
Writing,  is  evidently  double  that  defcribed  in 
the  firft  Deed,  yet  for  this  farther  Grant  there 
is  no  Confideration  paid. 

Indeed  the  Proprietor  himfelf  did  not  feem 
to  think  he  had  a  Right  to  thefe  Lands  with- 
out a  Releafe  from  the  Dclawares.  He  had, 
therefore,  in  1737,  a  Meeting  with  Monoky- 
kickan,  Lappavoinzoe,  'I'ijhekiink  and  NutimuSy 
Chiefs  of  the  Dclaivarc  Indians,  at  which  he 
prevailed  with  them  to  fign  a  Releafe,  by 
Means  of  which  he  thought  he  migbi  giin  what 
he  wanted.  We  have  no  Minutes  of  that  Con- 
ference or  I'reaty  publillied ;  but,  in  the  Pre- 
amble of  the  Releafe  then  granted,  it  is  faid, 
"  That  I'ijhekiink  and  Niitimiis  had  about  three 
Years  before,  begun  a  I'rtaty  at  Durham  with 
John  and  '■tliumas  Pcnn ;  that  from  thence  an- 
other Meeting  was  appointed  to  be  at  Penjhury 
the  next  Spring,  to  which  they  repaired  with 
E  Lap- 


f  I 


{  34  ) 

Lappawinzoe  and  feveral  others  of  the  Delazvare 
Indians  \  that  at  this  Meeting,  feveral  Deeds 
were  fliewed  to  them  for  feveral  Trads  of  Land 
which  their  Forefathers  had  more  than  fifty 
Years  ago  fold  to  William  Penn;  and,  in  par- 
ticular, one  Deed  from  M aykeerikkij/io^  Saxn'Oppey 
and  Taughhaugbfey,  the  Chiefs  or  Kings  of  the 
northern  Indians  on  Delaware,  who  for  a  cer- 
tain Quantity  of  Goods,  had  granted  to  Wil- 
liam Penn  a  Traft  of  Land,  beginning  on  a 
Line  drawn  from  a  certain  Spruce  Tree  on  the 
River  Delazvarc  by  a  Weft  North-Weft  Courfe 
to  Ne/Jiameuy  Creek,  from  thence  back  into  the 
Woods  as  far  as  a  Man  could  go  in  a  Day  and 
a  half,  and  bounded  on  the  Weft  by  Nejhameny, 
or  the  moft  wefterly  branch  thereof,  fo  far  as 
the  faid  Branch  doth  extend,  and  from  thence 
by  a  Line  to  the  utmoft 

Extent  of  the  Day  and  half's  Walk,  and  from 
thence  to  the  aforefaid 

'R'wtt  Delaware,  and  fo  down  the  Courfes  of  the 
River  to  the  firft  mentioned  Spruce  Tree ;  and 
that  this  appeared  to  be  true  by  William  Biles 
and  Jojeph  IVood,  who,  upon  their  Affirmation, 
did  declare.  That  they  well  remember  the 
Treaty  held  by  the  Agents  q{  William  Penn  and 
thofe  Indians^;  that  I'ome  of  the  old  Men  be- 
ing then  abfent  they  requefted  of  Meflrs.  John 
and  Thomas  Penn  more  time  to  confult  with 
their  People  concerning  the  fame,  which  Re- 
queft  being  granted,  they,  after  more  than  two 
Yeprs  fince  the  Treaty  at  Penlhiiry,  were  now 
come  to  Philadelphia,  with  their  i^Wxiif  Alonoky- 

*  Qutiy,  Docs  the  remembering  that  there  wiis  a  Treaty 
prove  the  Exeeutioii  ot"  a  Deeil  at  that  Treaty  ?  "Jon-ph 
If'ooih  Name  is  let  as  an  KviJenee  in  that  Paper  proiKued 
as  a  Copy  ofthe  Deed  of  1686,  why  then  did  he  not  prove 
there  was  iiR-h  a  Sale  made  or  Deed  given  ? 

hickan. 


i': 


I 


W  I 


(  35  ) 
bickan,  and  feveral  other  old  Men,  and  upon  a 
former  Treaty  held  upon  the  fame  Subjed,  ac- 
knowledge themfelves  fatisfied  that  the  above 
defcribed  Tradl  was  granted  by  the  Perfons 
above  mentioned,  for  which  Reafon  they  the 
faid  Monokyhickayiy  Lappawinzoe,  Tijhekiink  and 
NiitimuSy  agree  to  releafe  to  the  Proprietors  all 
Right  to  that  Tradl,  and  defire  that  it  may  be 
walked,  travelled  or  gone  over  by  Perfons  ap- 
pointed for  that  Purpofe. 

It  will,  no  doubt,  appear  ftrange,  that  no 
Notice  is  taken  of  the  Deed  of  171 8,  and  that 
Siiffoonan  the  Dehi-joare  King,  with  whom  the 
Treaty  of  1728  was  held,  tho'  flill  alive,  was 
not  prefent  at  any  of  thefe  Meetings.  But  the 
Reafon  was  plain  :  The  Deed  of  1 7 1 8  fixed  the 
Boundaries  fo  certain  that  no  Advantage  could 
be  taken  of  it;  and  had  Sajfoonan  been  there, 
he  might  have  obftrudled  their  Meafures.  For, 
had  he  doubted  there  being  a  Deed,  he  might 
have  objeded,  that  the  Evidence  of  Perfons 
declaring  that  they  remembered  a  Treaty's  be- 
ing held  (for  that  is  all  that  IVilliam  Biles  and 
JoJ'eph  IVood  fay)  did  not  prove  that  a  Deed 
was  granted  ;  and  he  might  have  called  upon 
them  to  prove  it  regularly  by  the  Evidence  of 
thofe  who  were  witneffes  to  the  Execution  of  it : 
Or,  had  he  admitted  the  Deed,  he  might  have 
infifted  that  it  was  fully  confidered  at  the  Treaty 
in  1718,  and  that  the  Trad;  therein  defcribed 
had  already  been  walked  out,  and  was  included 
in  the  Deed  then  granted.  And  how  thefe  Ob- 
jedions  would  have  been  anfwered  is  hard  to 
fay.  He  would,  no  doubt,  have  put  them  in 
Mind,  that  their  late  Purchafe  of  the  Lands 
on  '■Tulpyhockin  was  a  further  Confirmation  on 
their  Part  of  the  Boundaries  agreed  on  in  the 
Deed  1718;   bccaufe  thereby  the  Proprietors 

ad- 


i:  :]' 


If 


(    , 


'  i. 


1 1   I .  f 
1 1  s 


M' 


i   ! 


\    I 


ij    ^i 


(    36    ) 

admitted  that  the  0/ey  Hills,  which  are  a  Con- 
tinuation of  the  Lechav  Hills,  was  the  norther- 
moft  Extent  of  any  Claim  the  Proprietors 
could  make  under  any  former  Jfu/ian  Pur- 
chafes. 

It  was  therefore  neceflary,  in  order  that 
Things  might  be  carried  on  quietly,  that  the 
Deed  of  1718  fhould  be  parted  over  in  Silence, 
and  that  Sajfoonan  fhould  not  be  prefent,  nor 
any  of  thofe  who  figned  that  Deed.  If  it  be 
afked  what  Advantage  could  be  gained  by  get- 
ting the  Deed  of  1686  confirmed?  we  fliall 
eafily  fee  by  an  Account  of  the  Walk,  and  of  the 
Advantage  taken  of  the  Blanks  in  the  Deed 
of  Releafe.  The  Account  of  the  Walk  fliall 
be  given  in  the  Words  of  the  Perfons  who 
were  Eye-Witnefles,  as  written  and  figned  by 
them. 

"  The  Relation  which  Thomas  FuniiJ's,  Sad- 
"  ler,  gives  concerning  the  Day  and  half's  Walk 
"  made  between  the  Proprietors  of  Pcujyhania 
"and  the  Delaware  Indians^  by  James  I'eates 
''  and  Edivard  MarJIialL" 

"  At  the  Time  of  the  Walk  I  was  a  Dweller 
^' at  Nezvfofj,  and  a  near  Neighbour  to  James 
^^  I'eates.  My  Situation  gave  James  I'eates  an 
"  eafy  Opportunity  of  acquainting  me  with  the 
"  Time  of  fetting  out,  as  it  ilid  me  of  hearing 
*' the  different  Sentiments  of  the  Neighbour- 
"  hood  concerning  the  Walk,  fome  alledging 
"  it  was  to  be  made  by  the  River,  others  that 
"it  was  to  be  gone  upon  a  ft  rait  Line  from 
"  fomewhere  in  H'rights-Toivn,  oppofite  to  a 
"Spruce  Tree  upon  the  River's  Bank,  faid  to 
"  be  a  Boundary  to  a  former  Purchafe.  When 
"  the  Walkers  and  the  Company  ftarted  I  was 
"a  little  behind,  but  was  informed  they  pro- 

"  cecded 


■a 

t 

.'t 

■I 


i  J7  ) 

"  ceeded  from  a  Chefnut  Tree  near  the  Turn- 

"  ing  out  of  the  Road  from  Durham  Road  to 

"  John  Chapman's,  and,  being  on  Horfe-back, 

"  overtook  them  before  they  reach'd  Bucking- 

"  ham,  and  kept  Company  for  fome  Diftance 

"  beyond  the  blue  Mountains,  the'  not  quite 

"  to  the  End  of  the  Journey.     Two  Indians 

*'  attended,  whom   I    confidered  as    Deputies 

"  appointed  by  the  Delaware  Nation,  to  fee 

"  the  Walk  honeftly  performed ;  one  of  them 

"  repeatedly  exprefled  his  DifTatisfadlion  there- 

"  with.    The  firft  Day  of  the  Walk,  before  we 

*'  reached  Durham  Creek,  where  we  dined  in 

*'  the  Meadows  of  one  IVilJon  an  Indian  Trader, 

"  the  Indian  faid  the  Walk  was  to  have  been 

"made  up  the  River,  and  complaining  of  the 

"  Unfitnefs  of  his  Shoepacks  for  Travelling, 

"  faid  he  exped;ed   Thomas  Penn  would  have 

"  made  him  a  Prefent  of  fome  Shoes.     After 

"  this  fome  of  us  that  had  Horfes  walked  and 

"  let  the  Indians  ride  by  Turns,  yet  in  the  Af- 

"  ternoon  of  the  fame  Day,  and  fome  Hours 

*'  before   Sun-fet,   the  Indians  left  us,  having 

**  often  called  to  Marjliall  that  Afternoon  and 

"  forbid  him  to  run.  At  parting  they  appeared 

"  diflatisfied,  and  faid  they  would  go  no  further 

"with  us;  for,  as  they  faw  the  Walkers  would 

"  pafs  all  the  good  Land,  they  did  not  care  how 

"  far  or  where  we  went  to.    It  was  faid  we  tra- 

"  veiled  twelve  Hours  the  firft  Day,  and,  it 

"  being  in  the  latter  end  oi  September,  or  Begin- 

"  ning  of  Otlober,  to  compleat  the  Time,  were 

"obliged  to  walk  in  the  Twilight.     Timothy 

"■Smith,  then  Sheriff  o^  Bucks,  held  his  Watch 

"in  his  Hand  for  fome  Minutes  before  we 

"  ftopt,  and   the  Walkers   having  a   piece  of 

Ground   to  afcend,  he  called   out  to 

telling  the  Minutes  behind,  and  bid 

"  them 


"  rifing 
"them. 


.1  1   • 


',  :■■» 


■I 


I     'I     |i 

■f    Ji      I 

I     % 


(3«  ) 

**  them  pull  up,  which  they  did  fo  briikly,  that, 

*<  immediately  upon  his  faying  the  Time  was 

"  out,  Marjhall  dafped  his  Arms  about  a  Sap- 

"lin  to  fupport  himfclf,  and   thereupon   the 

"Sheriff  alking  him  what  was  the  Matter,  he 

"  faid  he  was  almoft  gone,  and  that,  if  he  had 

"  proceeded  a  few  Poles  further,  he  muft  have 

"  fallen.  We  lodged  in  the  Woods  that  Night, 

"and  heard  the  Shouting  of  the  Indians  at  a 

*'  Cantico,  which  they  were  faid  to  hold  that 

*'  Evening  in  a  Town  hard  by.     Next  Morn- 

"  ing  the  Indians  were  fent  to,  to  know  if  they 

"would  accompany  us  any  further,  but  they 

"declined  it,  altho'   I   believe  fome  of  them 

"  came  to  us  before  we  ftartcd,  and  drank  a 

"  Dram  in  the  Company,  and  then  ftraggled 

"off   about    their    Hunting    or    fome    other 

"  Amufement.     In  our  Return  we  came  thro' 

"  this  Indian  Town  or  I^lantation  '■Timothy  Smith 

"and  mvfelf  riding  forty  Yards  more  or  lefs 

"  before    he  Company,  and  as  we  approached 

"within    about    150    Paces    of    the    Town, 

"the  Woods  being   open,  we  law  an  Indian 

"take  a  Gun   in  his    Hand,   and   advancing 

"towards    us    fome    Diftance    placed    himfelf 

"  behind  a  Log  that  lay  by  our  Way.    Timothy 

"obferving  his  Motions  and  being  fomewhat 

"  furprifed,  as  I  apprehended,  looked  at  me, 

"  and  afked  what  1  thought  that  Indian  meant. 

"  I  fiiid,  I  hoped  no  Harm,  and  that  I  thought 

"it  beft  to  keep  on,  which  the  Indian  feeing, 

"arofe  and  walked  before  us  to  the  Settlement. 

"  I  think  Timothy  Smith  was  furprifed,  as  I  well 

"rememb.er  I  was,  thro'  a  Conlcioufncfs  that 

"  the  Indians  were  dif^atisfied  with  the  Walk,  a 

"  Thing  the  whole  Company  feemed  to  be  fen- 

"  fible  of,  and  upon  the  Way,  in  our  Return 

"  home,  frequently  expreffed  themfelvcs  to  that 

''  Pur- 


(< 
(( 
1( 
(( 
(( 
<< 
(( 

C( 

(( 

(C 

<( 
(< 

(C 

(( 
(( 


(  39  ) 
Purpo^^ .  And  indeed  the  Unfairnefs  pradifed 
in  the  Walk,  both  in  regard  to  the  Way 
where,  and  the  Manner  how,  it  was  perform- 
ed, and  the  Difllitisfiidion  of  the  Indians  con- 
cerning it,  were  the  common  Subjeds  of 
Converfation  in  our  Neighbourhood  for  fome 
confiderable  Time  after  it  was  done.  When 
this  Walk  was  performed  I  was  a  young  Man 
in  the  Prime  of  Life;  the  Novelty  of  the 
Thing  inclined  me  to  be  a  Spedlator,  and  as 
I  had  been  brought  up  moll  of  my  Time  in 
Burlington,  the  whole  Tranfadtion  to  me  was  a 
Series  of  Occurrences  almoft  entirely  new, 
and  which  therefore,  I  apprehend,  made  the 
more  ftrong  and  lafting  Impreffions  on  my 
Memory. 

' '  Thomas  Furni/s . ' ' 


I' 


Jofeph  Knowles'j  Account  of  the /aid  Walk  is  as 

follows ; 

'*  June  30th,  1757.  I  Jofeph  Knowles,  living 
'*  with  Timothy  Smith  at  the  Time  of  the  Day 
"  and  half's  Walk  with  the  Indians,  {Timothy 
"  Smith  then  Sheriff  for  Buck's  County)  do  fay, 
"  that  I  went  fome  Time  before  to  carry  the 
"  Chain,  and  help  to  clear  a  Road,  as  direded 
"  by  my  Uncle  Timothy  Smith.  When  the  Walk 
"  was  performed  I  was  then  prefent,  and  carried 
"  Provifions,  Liquors  and  Bedding.  About 
"  Sun-rifing  we  fet  out  from  John  Chapman  s 
"  Corner  at  IVrights-Town,  and  travelled  until 
"  we  came  to  the  Forks  oi  Delaware,  as  near  as 
"  I  can  remember  was  about  one  of  the  Clock 
"  the  fame  Day.  The  Indians  then  began  to 
"  look  fullen,  and  murmured  that  the  Men 
"  walked  fo  faft,  and  feveral  Times  that  After- 
"  noon  called  out,  and  faid  to  them,  You  run; 

''  that's 


in  > 


H  i  1^ 


■f     '    v 


Hi 


il     i( 


(     40     ) 

''that's  not  fair,  you  was  to  walk.  The  Men 
"appointed  to  walk  paid  no  Regard  to  the 
"  hidians,  but  were  urged  by  Timothy  Smith,  and 
"the  reft  of  the  Proprietor's  Party,  to  proceed 
"until  the  Sun  was  down.  We  were  near  the 
^^ Indian  Town  in  the  Forks:  The  Indians  de- 
"  nied  us  going  to  the  Town  on  Excufe  of  a 
"  Cantico.  We  lodged  in  the  Woods  that 
"  Night.  Next  Morning,  being  dull  rainy 
"  Weather,  we  fet  out  by  the  Watches,  and 
"  two  of  the  three  Indians,  that  walked  the  Day 
"  before,  came  and  travelled  with  us  about  two 
"or  three  Miles,  and  then  left  us,  being  very 
"  much  diflatisfied,  and  we  proceeded  by  the 
"  Watches  until  Noon.  The  above  I  am  willing 
"  to  qualify'''  to  any  Time  when  defired.  Wit- 
"  nefs  my  Hand  the  Day  and  Year  above  faid. 

"  JoJ\  Knowles." 

Having,  by  Means  of  the  above  Walk,  gone 
about  JO  Miles  beyond  xhiiLechay  Hills,  which 
were  fo  folemnly  agreed  upon  in  1 7 1 8  and  1 728, 
to  be  the  Boundaries,  it  now  remained  to  draw 
the  Line  from  the  End  of  the  Walk  to  the  Ri- 
ver Delaivare.  We  have  (ccn  above  there  was 
a  Blank  left  for  the  Courfe  of  this  Line:  Taking 
the  Advantage,  therefore,  of  this  Blank,  inftead 
of  running  by  the  neareft  Courfe  to  the  River, 
or  by  an  Eaft  South-Eaft  Courfe,  which  would 
have  been  parallel  to  the  Line  from  which  they 
fet  out,  they  ran  by  a  North-Eaft  Courfe  for 
above  an  hundred  Miles  acrofs  the  Country  to 
near  the  Creek  Lcchaivacl.j'L'in,  and  took  in  the 
beft  of  the  Land  in  the  Porks,  all  the  Mini- 
finks,  is'c.  'Phus  a  Pretence  was  gained  for 
claiming  the  Land  in  the  Porks  without  pay- 
ing any  I'hing  for  it.   But  the  Accompliftiment 


!.  r.  Take  an  Oath  or  AHirmation. 


of 


very 


of 


(41   ) 

of  thi?  Defign  loft  us  the  Friendfliip  of  the 
Indians^  and  laid  the  Foundation  of  our  prefent 
Troubles,  and  will,  it  is  to  be  feared,  in  the 
End  coft  the  Proprietaries  very  dear.  But  had 
there  been  nothing  elfe  to  objedl  to  this  Deed, 
what  fhews  indifputably,  that  an  undue  Advan- 
tage was  taken,  is,  that  under  Colour  of  a  Re- 
leafe  given  by  the  Chiefs  of  the  De/awares,  the 
Lands  belonging  to  the  Mini/ink  Indians  were 
taken  in,  tho'  thefe  latter  Indians  were,  as  we 
have  {een  above,  declared,  both  by  the  Conefio- 
goes  and  DelawareSy  to  be  a  Nation  independant 
of  them,  and  whofe  Lands  they  confequently 
could  not  convey  away:  And  the  depriving  the 
Minijink  Indians  thus  of  their  Lands  is,  no 
doubt,  the  Rcafon  that  they  have  of  late  been 
our  moft  bitter  Enemies,  and  are  at  prefent 
inclined  to  Peace  and  Friendftiip  the  leaft  of 
any  of  the  northern  Tribes. 

In   1742  the  Deputies  of  the  Six  Nations 
made  a  Vifit  to  this  Government.  In  the  Min- 
utes that  are  publiflied  of  that  Treaty,  it  is  faid, 
that  the  Defign  of  their  Coming  was  to  receive 
from  the  Proprietor  a  large  (Quantity  of  Goods 
for  the  Lands  on  the  weft  Side  of  Siisqnehannah^ 
they  having  at  their  laft  Treaty  in  1736  only 
received  Goods  for  the  Lands  on  the  eaftern 
Side  of  that  River:    But  it  appears  from  Go- 
vernor I'homas's  Meftiige  to  the  Aftembly,  with 
the  Minutes  of  the  Treaty,  as  well  as  from  the 
Treaty  itfelf,  that  there  was  another  Caufe  for 
prefiing  them  to  come  down  at  this  Time.  The 
Governor  exprefly  fays,   "That  their  coming  Votes  of 
"down  was  not  only  necefTary  for  the  ^r^;//''^*-'^'^'^'^" 
"  Peace  of  the  Province  in  Regard  tojome  Indians  jj-j'     " 
^^  ivbo  bad  threatened  to  maintain  by  Force  their  ,%\^  '^^^ 
'''•  Pojfejjion  of  Lands ^  which  had  been  long  ago 
"  purchafed  of  them,  and  fince  conveyed  by 
F  "  the 


"I 


'!| 


'1 :'!  I 
Mil 

'f  if  '' 

nn 


^.fi| 


1 1  ^r 


( 42 ) 

"  the  Proprietaries  to  fome  of  our  own  Inhabi- 
'"  tants,  l)ut  for  its  future  Security  in  cafe  of  a 
"  Rupture  with  the  I'rcnchy 

The  Truth  of  the   Matter  was  this.     The 
Miniftnk  and  Fork  Ind'unis  faw  themfclves  un- 
juftly  difpoHefled  of  their  Lands;  A'////'w//.f  and 
others,  who  (Igned  the  Keleafe  1737,  faw  theni- 
felves   over-reached,   they  were   not   therefore 
wiMing  to  quit  the  1-ands,  nor  give  quiet  Po- 
fTellion,  to  the  People  who  came  thick  to  take 
up  Lands  and  fettle  in   the  Forks.     They  had 
coniphiined  of  the  Walk,  as  we  have  feen,  hut 
no  Regard  was  paid  to  their  Conij)hiints.   They 
now  proceeded  to  other  Meafures.     'I'hey  got 
Letters  wrote  to  the  Governor  and  Mr.  Liw;^- 
home  a    Magiftrate   of  Bucks,    in   which   they 
treated  the  Proprietors  witli  a   great  deal   of 
Preedom,    remonftrated   againft   the    Injuftice 
that  was  done  them,  and  declared  their  Refo- 
lution  of  maintaining  the  Pofleifion   of  their 
Lands  by  Force  of  Arms.     'Phis  alarmed  the 
Proprietor,  who  thereupon,  in    1741,  fent  Shi- 
cnlamy   (a  Six   Nation   Ind'um,   who  refilled   at 
Sbamukin)  to  the  Six  Nations,  to  prefs  them  to 
come  down.     It  was  well  known  that  the  Six 
Nations  had  a  great  Authority  over  the  Dcla- 
ivares;   it  was  therefore  thouglu  fufficient  to 
engage  them  to  interpofe  their  Authority,  and 
force  the  Dclazvarcs  to  quit  the  Porks.  Accord- 
ingly when  the  Deputies  of  the  Six  Nations 
came  down  in  1742,  the  Governor  told  them, 
that   "'Phe  laft  'I'ime  the  Chiefs  of  the   Six 
Nations  were  here  they  were   informeti,   that 
delphia,     ^.j^^.j^.  (^oufins,  a  Branch  of  x\\cDc  laic  arcs,  gave 
'        this    Province    fome    Dilturhance    about    the 
Lands  the  J^roprietors  purchafed  from  them, 
and  for  which  their  Anceftors  had  received  a 
valuabl'    Confideration  above  fiftv  five  Years 


Treaty 
at  Fhi'la 


•ic5"> 


& 


(  4J   ) 

ago,  as  appears  by  a  Deed  now  lying  on  the 
Table — That  fome    Time  after    this,   Conrad 
IVeifcr  delivered  to  their  Brother  ^Thomas  Penn 
their  Letter,  vviicrein  they  requeft  of  him  and 
James  Logan^  that  they  would  not  buy  Land, 
iSc. — That  this  had  i)een  fhewn  to  the  Dela- 
ivares^  and  interpreted;  notwithftanding  which 
they  had  continued  their  former  Difturbances, 
and  had  the  Infolence  to  write  Letters  to  fome 
of  the  Magiftrates  of  this  Government,  where- 
in they  had  abufed  the  worthy  Proprietaries, 
and  treated  them  with  the  utmoft   Rudenefs 
and  ill  Manners;   that  being  loth,  out  of  Re- 
gard to  the  Six  Nations,  to  punifh  the  Dela- 
•wares  \\'>,  they  deferved,  he  had  fent  two  Meflen- 
gers  to  inform  them,  the  Six  Nation  Deputies 
were  expefted  here,  and  fliould  be  acquainted 
with  their  Behaviour;  that,  as  the  Six  Nations, 
on  all  Occafions,  apply  to  this  Government  to 
remove   all  white  People  that  are  fettled   on 
Lands  before  they  arc  purchafcd  from   them, 
and  as  the  Government  ufe  their  Endeavours 
to  turn  fuch  People  off",  fo  now  he  expecfls  from 
them  that  they  will  caufe  thefe  Indians  to  re- 
move from  the  Lands  in  the  Forks  of  Dela- 
ivari\  and  not  give  any  farther  Difturbance  to 
the  Perfons  who  are  now  in  Poflcflion  ;   and 
this  he  inforced  after  the  Indian  Cuftom,  by 
laying  down  a  String  of  Wampum." 

Then  were  read  the  feveral  Conveyances,  the 
Paragraph  of  the  Letters  wrote  by  the  Chiefs 
of  the  Six  Nations,  relating  to  the  Delawares^ 
the  Letters  of  the  Pork  Indians  to  the  Governor 
and  Mr.  Langbarne^  and  a  Draught  of  the  Land. 
When  this  Complaint  was  made,  there  were 
prefent  Saffounan  the  Chief,  with  whom  the 
Treaty  of  1728  was  held,  and  Niitimus^  one  of 
thofe  who  had  figned  the  Releafe  in  1737;  but 

it 


I    ^i' 


:f  ■'  ?i 


■  ( 

'I 


I.  . 


(   44    ) 
it  docs  not  appear  that  they  wore  admitted  to 
make  any  Defence,  or   to  (liy  any  Thing   in 
their  own  Vindication.      Haii   tliere  been  any 
Defit^n  to  do  Juitice  to   the  Dclazvnycs,  or  to 
prefervc  the  iM-iendniiit  of  thofe  who,  from  tlic 
earliefl:  Settlement  of  tiie    I'rovince,  had   iK'en 
kind  Neighbours  and  I'rienils,  they  would  no 
Doubt  have  been  admitted  to  fpeak  for  them- 
felves,  and  to  offer  what  Keafons  they  had  for 
refufing   to   quit   the   Lanils.      Hut    then    the 
doing  of  this  might  have  difcoveretl   tiie   Ini- 
quity of  the  Walk,  ami  other  unfair  Atlvan- 
tages  taken,  and  might  have  brought  back  the 
Boundaries    to    the    Lcchay    Hills,    the    Place 
agreeil   upon   in   the   Deed   of   17  iS,  and   the 
Treatv  of  172^^,   aiul   fo  well    known   b\    the 
Proprietaries  Commillioners,  as  appears  tVom 
Mr.  Logans  Letter  already  tpioted,  and  from 
the  Purchafe  which  the  fame  (lentleman  ami 
Company   made   from    the   huiians  about    the 
Year  1729  of  a  Trac't  of  Lanti  about  Diirlhim. 
\\\  this  cafe  it  might  then  have  colt  the  Pro- 
prietaries three  or  four  huiulred  Pounds  more 
to  purchafe  tlie   Lands    in   the   T'orks,   if  the 
huiians  there  had   been   willing   to  difpoi'e  of 
them;  or,  had  ♦•he  huiiiius  refufeii  that,  it  might 
have  been  tiifficult  to  remove  the  People  let- 
tied  there,  and  to  reind)urfe  them  the   Money 
they  had  paid  the   Proprietors  for  the   Lands 
they  had  there  taken  up:   Jjeddes,  fome  private 
Perfons,  as  we  have  feen   above,  were  making 
verv  lartie  Kftates  bv  L-ettinLi  the  t^ood  Lamis 
in  the  Forks  furveyed  to  them  by  Virtue  of  old 
Rights  which  they  had  purchafed.     Now,  as  it 
does   not  always    haj^pen   that   the    Peace  and 
Tranquility  of  the   l^lblic  is  pref  rred  to  pri- 
vate Interell,  thefe  might  b.e  unwilling  to  give 
up  their  Rights,  unlefs  the  Proprietaries  would 

make 


I         J?  ; 


ace 


(  45  ) 
makt  thcni  a  (uitahlc  Compcnfation.  l"\)r 
thcfc,  therefore,  and  other  Reafons,  it  was 
judged  heft  to  call  in  the  Alliftance  of  the  Six 
"Nations,  to  put  them  in  Mind,  as  had  been 
done  before,  of  the  life  they  might  make  of 
having  cotiquered  the  Dclaivarcs,  and  of  the 
Right  they  thereby  acquired  to  their  Lands; 
and  laftly,  by  Means  ofa  confulerable  Prefent, 
which  the  Province  might  be  induced  to  make 
them,  to  engage  them  to  "caufe  X.\\t  ludiaris  to 
"  remove  from  the  Lands  in  the  Forks  of  Dela- 
*'  'ivare,  and  not  to  give  any  further  Difturbance 
"to  the  Perf>ns  who  were  then  in  PofTeilion." 
Accordingly,  the  fecond  Day  after  receiving^ 
a  Prefent  from  the  Province,  to  the  Value  of 
three  hundred  Pounds,  and  what  more  from 
the  Proprietor  is  uncertain,  Camijfatcgo^  in  the 
Name  of  the  Deputies,  told  the  Governor, 
"  That  they  faw  the  Dclaivares  had  been  an 
unruly  People,  and  were  altogether  in  the 
Wrong;  that  they  had  concluded  to  remove 
them,  and  oblige  them  to  go  over  the  River 
Dclaivarc,  and  quit  all  Claim  to  any  Lands  on 
this  Side  for  the  future,  fince  they  have  re- 
ceived Pay  for  them,  and  it  is  gone  thro'  their 
Guts  long  ago:"  Then  addreffing  the  Be!a- 
zvares,  he  faid,  "They  deferved  to  be  taken  by 
the  Hair  of  the  Head  and  fliaked  feverely,  till 
they  recovered  their  Senfes  and  became  fober — 
That  he  had  {i;t:n  with  his  Kyes  a  Deed  figned 
bv  nine  of  their  Anceftors  above  fifty  Years 
ago  for  this  very  Land,  and  a  Releafe  figned 
not  many  Years  fince  by  fome  of  themfelves 
and  Chiefs  yet  living,  to  the  Number  of  fifteen 
and  upwards."  "  But  how  came  you  (fliys  he, 
"continuing  his  Speech  to  the  De/nzvarcs)  to 
"  take  upon  you  to  fell  Lands  at  all  ?  We 
"conquered  you;  we  made  Women  of  you  : 

"'You 


I  < 


■f     •'      1 


(    4(>   ) 
"  ^'ou  know  you  arc  Women,  ami  can  no  more 
"ic'll    Land  than  Women;    nor  is  it  fit  you 
"  flioiiKl  have  the  Power  of  felling  Lamls,  fince 
"vou  would  ahufe  it.      'I'his    Land  that  you 
"claim   is  Lioiie  thro'    your   (iuts;    you  have 
"  heeii  furnilheilwithC'Ioaths,  Meat  ami  Drink, 
*' bv  the  Cioods  paid   you  tor  it,  and  now  you 
"want  it  again  like  Children  as  you  are.     Hut 
"  what  makes  you  fell  Lands  in  the  Dark?    Did 
"  •, ou  ever  tell  us  that  you  had  foKl  this  Laml? 
"  Did  we  ever  receive  any  Part,  even  the  Value 
"of a  Pipefliank,  from  you  for  it?    You  have 
"told  us  a  lilind  Story,  that  you  fent  a  Mef- 
"fenger  to  us,  to  inform  us  of  the  Sale,  hut 
"  he  never  came  amongli  us,  nor  we  ever  heard 
"any  thing  about  it.     This   is  rcHing  in   the 
"  Dark,  and  very  different  from   the  C\)ndudt 
"  our  Six  iVations  obferve  in  the  Sales  of  Land. 
"  On  fuch  OccaHons  they  give  jiublick  Notice, 
"and  invite  all  the  //a/A/z/j- of  their  united  Na- 
"  tions,  and  give  them  all  a  Share  of  the  Prefent 
"  they  receive  for  their   Lands.     This  is  the 
"  Behaviour  of  the  wife  united  Nations.     But 
"we  find  vou  are  none  of  our  Bk)otl ;   you  acl 
"a  dilhonell  Part  not  only  in  this  but  in  other 
"  Matters  ;  your  Lars  are  ever  open  to  flander- 
"  ous  Reports  about  your  Brethren — For  all 
"  thefe   Keafons  we  charge  you  to  remove  in- 
"  ftaiitly  ;   we  tlon't  give  you   the  Liberty  to 
"  think  about   it.     \'ou    are  Women.      Take 
"the  Advice  of  a  wife  Man,  and  remove  im- 
"  mediately.     You  may  return   to   the   other 
"  Side  of  JJe/iizvarL'  where  you  came  from;  but 
"  we  do  not  know  whether,  confulering  hov/  vou 
"have  demeaned  yourfeKes,  \-ou  will  be  per- 
"  mitted  to   live  there,  or  whether  you    have 
"  not  fw.dlowed  that  Land  down  your  'I'hroats 
*'as  well  as  the  Land  on  this  Side.    We  there- 

"  fore 


i 


I 


I  ■ 


.  I 


(  47   ) 
fore  alligii   you  two    Places  to  go,  either  to 


ll'\fj)ucn  or  Sl.uiiiijkin. 


oil  may  go  to  citlier 


**of  tliffe  I'laies,  ami  then  we  lliall  have  you 
"  more  uiuler  our  I'-ye,  aiul  fliall  fee  how  you 
"  behave.  Don't  ileliherate,  hut  remove  away, 
"  atul  take  this  Belt  of  Wampum."  At'ter  this 
he  forbade  them  ever  to  iiitermeiklle  in  Land 
Affairs,  or  ever  hereafter  to  prefume  to  fell  any 
i.and,  and  then  eommaiuleil  them,  as  he  had 
fomething  to  tranfac't  with  the  Englijh,  immc- 
iliately  to  ilepart  the  Council. 

This  peremptory  Command  the  DcUiJjares 
ditl  not  ilare  to  difohey.  They  therefore  im- 
mediately left  the  Council,  and  foon  after  re- 
moved from  the  Forks  ;  fome  to  Shamokin  and 
iryoiiii'ti,  anil  lome  to  the  (Jhio.  But  tho'  they 
did  not  then  dare  to  difpute  the  Order,  yet, 
when  the  prefent  Troubles  began,  and  they 
found  the  French  ready  to  fupport  them,  they 
fliewed  this  Province,  asvvell  as  the  Six  Nations, 
how  they  refented  the  Treatment  they  met  with 
in  1742.  They  took  a  fevere  Revenge  on  the 
Province,  by  laying  Warte  their  Froi.*^iers,  and 
paid  fo  little  Regard  to  a  menacing  Meflage 
which  the  Six  Nations  fent  them,  that  they  in 
their  Turn  threatened  to  turn  their  Arms 
againfl:  them,  and,  at  laft,  forced  them  to  ac- 
knowledge they  were  Men,  that  is,  a  free  in- 
depentlent  Nation. — 

We  fee  above,  that  great  Strefs  is  laid  on  a 
Deed,  faid  to  be  granted  above  fifty  five  Years 
ago.  'I'his  is  faid  to  be  the  Deed  of  1686. 
Yet,  tho'  it  is  mentioned  here  as  lying  on  the 
Table ;  nay,  tho'  the  Indian  Speaker  fays,  that 
he  had  feen  it  with  his  own  Kyes,  yet  Itill  it  is 
dt)ubted  whether  there  really  was  fuch  a  Deed. 


It 


is  certain  there  is  none  fuch  now  in  be! 


nor  recorded  :    For,  at   the  'I'reaty  at  Kajl 


»g> 


OHs 


I 


tf 


'757. 


I'm 


r-^ 


•Ml 
ll 


m^ ' 


(  48 ) 

1757,  when  the  Imiian  King  demanded  that  the 
Deeds  might  be  produced,  by  which  the  Pro- 
prietors held  the  Lands,  and  the  Governor  and 
his  Council  determined  to  follow  the  Courfe 
the  Proprietor  had  chalked  out,  and  to  juftify 
their  Claims  by  the  Deed  of  1686,  and  the 
Releafe  of  1737,  they  had  no  Deed  of  1686  to 
produce :  But,  inftead  thereof,  produced  a 
Writing,  faid  to  be  a  Copy  of  that  Deed,  not 
attefted,  nor  even  figned  by  any  one  as  a  true 
Copy.  From  whence  fome  have  been  ready 
to  conclude,  that  the  Charge  brought  by  the 
Imiian  Chief,  at  the  Eajhn  Treaty  in  1756,  is 
not  without  Grounds;  where  he  fays,  that  fome 
Lands  were  taken  from  him  by  Fraud  and 
Forgery;  and  afterwards,  when  called  upon  to 
explain  what  he  means  by  thefe  Terms,  fays, 
"  When  one  Man  had  formerly  Liberty  to 
"  purchafe  Lands,  and  he  took  a  Deed  from 
"the  Indians  for  it,  and  then  dies;  after  his 
"•  Death  the  Children  forge  a  Deed  like  the 
"  true  one,  with  the  fame  Indians  Names  to  it, 
"and  thereby  take  Lands  from  the  Indians 
"which  they  never  fold. — This  is  Fraud."  It 
is  farther  afked,  if  there  was  fuch  a  Deed,  why 
was  it  not  recorded  as  well  as  the  Releafe  1737 
anfwering  thereto  ? 

It  may  not  be  amifs  to  obferve  here  the  dif- 
ferent Manner  in  which  the  Englijh  and  French 
treat  the  Indians.  The  Englijh ,  in  order  to  get 
their  Lands,  drive  them  s  far  from  them  as 
poHible,  nor  feem  to  care  what  becomes  of 
them,  provided  they  can  get  them  removed  out 
of  the  Way  of  their  prefent  Settlements; 
whereas  the  French,  coniiilering  that  they  can 
never  want  Land  in  America,  who  enjoy  the 
Friendfliip  of  the  Indians,  ule  all  the  Means 
in  their  Power  to  draw  as  many  into  their  Al- 
liance 


\% 


(  49  ) 
liance  as  pollible;  and,  to  fecure  their  AfFed- 
ions,  invite  as  many  as  can  to  come  and  live 
near  them,  and  to  make  their  Towns  as  near 
the  French  Settlements  as  they  can.  By  this 
Means  they  have  drawn  off  a  great  Number  of 
the  MobockSy  and  other  Six  Nation  Tribes,  and 
having  fettled  them  in  Towns  along  the  Banks 
of  the  River  St.  Lawrence,  have  fo  fecured  them 
to  their  Intereft,  that,  even  of  thefe,  they  can 
command  above  fix  or  feven  Hundred  fighting 
Men,  which  i^  more  than  Colonel  Johnjon  has, 
with  all  his  Intereft,  been  able  to  raife  in  all 
the  northern  Diftrid. 

But  to  return  :  In  this  Treaty  of  1742  the 
Deputies  of  the  Six  Nations  themfelves  com- 
plain, that  they  are  not  well  ufed  with  Respedl 
to  the  Land  ftill  unfold  by  them.  "  Your  Peo- 
"  pie,  fay  they  to  the  Governor,  daily  fettle  on 
"  thefe  Lands,  and  fpoil  our  Hunting.  We 
"  muft  infift  on  your  removing  them,  as  you 
"  know  they  have  no  Right  to  fettle  to  the 
"  Northward  of  the  Kittochtinny  Hills.  In  par- 
"  ticular  we  renew  our  Complaints  againft  fome 
"  People  who  are  fettled  at  Juniata,  a  Branch  of 
'•'■  Siijuehannah,  and  all  along  the  Banks  of  that 
"  River  as  far  as  Mahaniay,  and  defire  they  may 
"  forthwith  be  made  to  go  off  the  Land,  for 
'*  they  do  great  Damage  to  our  Coufins  the 
"  Delawares."  They  likewife  laid  Claim  to 
fome  Lands  in  Maryland  and  Virginia,  which 
occafioned  the  Treaty  at  Lancafier  in  1744. 

With  refped  to  the  People  fettled  at  Juniata 
the  Governor  told  the  Indians,  that  "fome 
"  Magiftrates  were  fent  exprefly  to  remove 
"  them,  and  he  thought  no  Perfons  would  pre- 
"  fume  to  ftay  after  that."  Here  they  inter- 
rupt the  Governor,  and  faid,  "  Thefe  Perfons 
"who  were  fcnt  do  not  ilo  tiieir  Duty;  i'o  far 
G  "  from 


i 


p. 


I     :i 


(  5^  ) 
"  from  removing  the  People  they  made  Sur- 
**  veys  for  themfelves,  and  they  are  in  League 
"  with  the  Trefpaflbrs;  we  defire  more  efFedtual 
"  Methods  may  be  ufed,  and  honeftcr   Men 
''employed."     Which  the  Governor  proniifed 
fliould  be  done. 
Lancailer       In  confequence    of  the   Claims  which   the 
Treaty,     Indians  made  to  the  Lands  fouthward  of  this 
'7<4-        Province,  Letters  were  wrote  to  the  Governors 
of  Maryliwd  and  Virgima^  who  fliewed  a  ready 
Difpofition  to  come  to  any  reafonablc  Terms 
with  the   Six   Nations   on   Account  of  thefe 
Lands,  and  defired  for  that  End  a  Time  and 
Place  might  be  fixed  for  a  Treaty  with  them. 
But  before  this  could  be  effefted  an  unfortunate 
Skirmifli  happened  in  the  back  Parts  o^ Virginia 
betwjen  fome  of  the  Militia  there  and  a  Party 
of  the  Indian  Warriors  of  the  Six  Nations.  To 
mend  this  Breach  the  Governor  oi  PenJ'ylvania 
offered  his  Service,  which  was  accepted  by  both 
Parties.  Soon  after  Conrad  U'eifer  was  diipatch- 
ed  to  Shaniokin  where  he  met  the  Deputies  from 
Onondago^  the  grand   Council   of  the  Six   Na- 
tions, who  informed  him  that  the  Six  Nations 
were  well   pleafed  with   the   Mediation   of  the 
Governor  o{  Penjyhaniay  and  that  they  would, 
in  purfuance  of  the  Invitation  fent  to  them  by 
the   (iovernor  of  Maryland^   meet    him    next 
Year.     After  this,  the  Deputy  addrelfing  him- 
felf  to  the  Governor  of  PoiJ'ylvania,  deli  red, 
in   the   Name  of  the    Six   Nations,  that  the 
People  who  were  fettled  on   Juniata  might  be 
removed  from  thence.     "We  have,  fays  he, 
"given  the  River  Juniata  for  a  Hunting- I^lace 
"to  our   Coulins   the   Dclazvarc   Indians^  and 
"our   Brethren    the  Sbazvancft\   anil  we    our- 
"  felvcs    hunt    there   fometimes.      We    there- 
"  tore  defire   you   will    immediately   by    force 

"  remove 


i\'i 


( 51 ) 

"  remove  all  thofc  that  live  on  the  faid  River 
"  Juniata^ 

Lancajhr  being  agreed  upon  for  the  Place  of 
Meeting  the  Deputies  from  the  Six  Nations 
and  Commiflioners  from  Virginia  and  Mary- 
land^ in  June  1744,  met  at  the  Place  appointed. 
The  Governor  of  Penfylvania  was  alfo  prefent. 

In  the  Opening  of  the  Treaty  the  Indians 
complain  that  they  are  liable  to  many  Incon- 
veniences fince  the  Englijh  came  among  them, 
and  particularly  from  Pen  and  Ink  Work,  of 
which  thev^//e  the  following  I  nftance.   "When, 
faid  "they,     ur  Brother  Onas  {i.e.  Governor 
" /V;;/)  a   /   :f   While  ago  came  to  Albany  to 
"  buy  the  iSnJ'quehannub  Lands  of  us,  our  Bro- 
"  ther  the  (Governor  of  Ncw-Tork,  who,  as  we 
"  fuppofe,  had  not  a  good  Underftanding  with 
"our  Brother  Onas,  advifed  us  not  to  fell  him 
"any  Land,  for  he  would  make  an  ill  Ufe  of 
"it;  and,  pretending  to  be  our  Friend,  he  ad- 
"  vifed  us,  in  order  to  prevent  Onas's,  or  any 
"other  Perfons,  impofing  on  us,  and  that  we 
"  might  always  have  our  Land  when  we  wanted 
"it,  to  put  it  into  his  Hands;  and  he  told  us 
"  he  would  keep  it  for  our  Ufe,  and  never  open 
"  his   Hands,  but  keep  them  clofe  fhut,  and 
"  not  part  with  any  of  it,  but  at  our  Requeft. 
"Accordingly  we   trufted   him,  and   put  our 
"Lands  into  his   Hands,  and  charged  him  to 
"keep  them  fafe  for  our  Ufe.     But  fometime 
"after  he  went  to   England,  and  carried  our 
"  Land  with   him,  and   there  fold   it   to   our 
"  Brother  Onas  for  a  large  Sum  of  Money: 
"And  when,  at   the   Inrtance  of  our   Brother 
"  Onas,  we  were  minded  to  fell  him  fome  Lands, 
"  he  toUl  us  we  had  fold  the  Sufquebannah  Lands 
"already  to  the  Governor  of  Neiv-7^ork,  and 
"  that  he  had  bought  them  from  him  in  Eno^land; 

"  tho,' 


|:r'  ri 


';;i'i! 


(  5^-  ) 
"  tho',  when  he  came  to  underftand  how  the 
*'  Governor  of  New-Tork  had  deceived  us,  he 
"  very  generoufly  paid  us  for  our  Lands  over 
"again." 

After  this  they  proceed  to  (hew  the  Grounds 
of  their  Claim  to  fome  Lands  in  Virginia  and 
Maryland.  With  refped:  to  Maryland  they  ac- 
knowledge the  Purchafes  which  the  Marylanders 
had  made  of  the  Conejlogo  Indians  to  be  juft  and 
valid,  but  alledge  that  the  Lands  on  Potomack, 
which  they  claim,  are  not  comprifed  within  thofe 
Deeds,  and  therefore  remain  to  be  purchafed; 
and,  as  they  have  conquered  the  Conejlogoes^  they 
infift  that  the  Purchafes  be  made  of  them. 
CanaJfategOy  the  Indian  Speaker,  farther  faid, 
"  That,  as  the  three  Governors  of  Virginia, 
^'Maryland  and  Penjylvania  had  divided  the 
"  Lands  among  them,  they  could  not,  for  this 
"  Reafon,  tell  how  much  each  had  got,  nor 
"  were  they  concerned  about  it,  fo  that  they 
"  were  paid  by  all  the  Governors  for  the  feveral 
"  Parts  each  poflefled,  and  this  they  left  to 
"  their  Honor  and  Juftice." 

The  Commiflioners  of  Maryland,  in  anfwer 
to  this,  fay,  "That,  tho'  they  cannot  admit 
their  Right,  yet  they  are  fo  refolved  to  live  in 
brotherly  Love  and  Affection  with  the  Six  Na- 
tions, that,  if  they  will  give  a  Releafe  in  Writing 
of  all  their  Claims  to  any  Lands  in  Maryland, 
they  will  make  them  a  Compenfation  to  the 
Value  of  three  Hundred  Pounds  Currency." 
To  this  the  Deputies  of  the  Six  Nations  agreed, 
and  a  Deed  of  Releafe  was  made  out  accord- 
ingly. The  Lands  in  Virginia,  which  the  Indians 
claimed,  lay  to  the  South  of  Poiotnack,  and  weft- 
ward  of  a  high  Ridge  of  Mountains  that  ex- 
tended along  the  Frontier-Settlements  of  Vir- 
ginia.    The   Commiflioners  of  Virginia,   after 

difputing 


the 


(  S3  ) 
difputing  the  Rights  and  Claims  of  the  Six 
Nations,  offer  them  a  Quantity  of  Goods  to 
the  Value  of  two  Hundred  Pounds  Penfylvania 
Currency,  and  two  Hundred  Pounds  in  Gold, 
on  Condition  they  immediately  make  a  Deed 
recognizing  the  King's  Right  to  all  the  Lands 
that  are,  or  fhall  be,  by  his  Majefty's  Appoint- 
ment, in  the  Colony  of  Virginia.  The  Indians 
agreed  to  this,  only  defiring  that  their  Cafe 
might  be  reprefented  to  the  King,  in  order  to 
have  a  further  Confideration  when  the  Settle- 
ments encreafed  much  further  back.  To  which 
the  Commiflioners  agreed;  and,  for  a  further 
Security  that  they  would  make  the  Reprefenta- 
tion  to  the  King,  they  promifed  to  give  the 
Deputies  a  Writing  under  their  Hands  and 
Seals  to  that  Purpofe.  Accordingly  the  Deed 
was  figned  and  every  Thing  fettled  to  mutual 
Satisfadion. 

At  this  Treaty  the  Indian  Deputies  tell  the 
Governor  of  Penfylvania^  that  the  Conoy  (called 
in  former  Treaties  Ganaway)  Indians  had  in- 
formed them,  that  they  had  fent  him  a  Meflage 
fome  Time  ago,  to  advife  him,  that  they  were 
ill  ufed  by  the  white  People  in  the  Place  where 
they  had  lived,  and  that  they  had  come  to  a 
Resolution  of  removing  to  Sbamokin^  and  re- 
quefted  fome  fmall  Satisfadion  for  their  Land; 
and,  as  they  never  had  received  any  Anfwer 
from  him,  they  defired  the  Six  Nations  to  fpeak 
for  them.  They  therefore  recommended  their 
Cafe  to  his  Generofity. 

To  this  the  Governor  anfwered,  That  he 
well  remembered  the  coming  down  of  one  of 
the  Conoy  Indians  with  a  Paper,  fetting  forth, 
that  the  Conoys  had  come  to  a  Refolution  to 
leave  the  Land  referved  for  them  by  the  Pro- 
prietaries, but  that  he  made  no  Complaint  of 

ill 


I 


I» 


f  i 


(  54  ) 
ill  Ufage  from  the  white  People.  The  Gover- 
nor farther  faid,  that  he  had  not  yet  heard  from 
the  Proprietors  on  that  Head,  but  from  the 
Favour  and  Juftice  they  had  always  fhewn  to 
the  Indians,  they  may  be  afTured  the  Proprietors 
will  do  every  Thing  that  ean  be  reafonably  ex- 
peded  from  them  in  that  Cafe. 

Some  Time  before  this  Treaty  one  John  Arm- 
ftrong,  an  Indian  Trader,  and  two  of  his  Men, 
had  been  murdered  by  a  Delaware  Indian,  and 
his  Goods  earried  off.    There  were  three  Indians 
prefent,  but  only  one  had  committed  the  Mur- 
der.    Upon  this  Shecalamy,  and  the  Shamokin 
Indians,  had  two  of  the  three  apprehended  and 
fent  down  to  the  Englijh;  but  the  Indians,  who 
had  them  in  Charge,  finding  one  was  innocent, 
gave  him  an  Opportunity  to  efcape:  The  other 
was  carried  to  Philadelphia  and  put  in  Prifon. 
The  Governor,  therefore,  now  informing  the 
Six  Nation  Deputies  of  what  had  been  done, 
defired  them  to  ufe  their  Authority,  that  the 
two  other  Indians,   who   were   prefent   at   the 
Murder,  fhould  be  feized  and  delivered  up  to 
be  tried  with  the  I^rincipal   now  in   Cuftody, 
and  he  promifed,  that  if,  upon   Examination, 
they  were  found  innocent,  they  fliould  be  fent 
home  fafe.     The  Indians,  in  anfwer,  tokl  the 
Governor,  they  had  heard  of  what  was  done, 
and  in  their  Journey  here  had  a  Conference 
with  the  Delaivares   about    it,   and    reproved 
them  feverely  for  it:    They       miifed  farther, 
upon  their  Return,  to  renew  i      ir  Reproofs, 
and  to   charge    the  Delaivares   i      fentl   down 
fome  of  their   Chiefs  with   '  lefe   two   voung 
Men  (but  not  as    Prifoncrs     to  be  examined 
by  him,  and  faiti,  that,  as  th  y  thought,  upon 
Examination,  he  would  not  find  them  guilty, 
they   relied   on    his  Juftice,   not    to   do    them 

any 


(  55  ) 

any  Harm,  but  to  permit  them  to  return  in 
Safety. 

Accordingly  fome  of  the  Delaware  Chiefs 
came  down  to  Philadelphia  in  Otlober  follow- 
ing, and  brought  with'  them  the  two  young 
Men,  who,  being  examined  and  found  inno- 
cent, were  difmifled. 

By  the  MefTiige  which  the  Governor  fent  to  ^°f'-'-'*  ,"^ 
the  Aflembly   immediately  upon  his    Return  [^j'^'^y^^' 
from  Lancajier,  it  appears,  "that  the  Shawanejeu\\  p. 
had  been  endeavouring  to  draw  the  Delawares  SSS' 
from  Shamokin  to  Ohio,  and  that  it  was  whif- 
pered  among   the   Six  Nations,    that,   fhould 
they  be  obliged  to  take  Part  in  the  War  be- 
tween the  Englijh  and  French,  they  would  have 
the  Shawanefe,  and  perhaps  ihe  Delawares  alfo, 
to  oppofe  them."    This  fhews  there  were  fome 
Heart-Burnings  between    the  Delawares   and 
Six  Nations  notwithftanding  the  outward  Shew 
of  Friendfliip,  and  that  the  former  only  wanted 
a  favourable   Opportunity   to    throw   off  the 
Yoke,  as  they  have  done  iince,  and  to  revenge 
the  Infults  that  had  been  offered  them  at  Phi- 
ladelphia but  two  Years  before. 

There  is  one  Paragraph  in  the  Governor's 
MefTage  which  deferves  to  be  flridlly  attended 
to.  "  I  cannot,  fays  he,  but  be  apprehenfive 
*'  that  the  Indian  Trade,  as  it  is  now  carried 
"  on,  will  involve  us  in  fome  fatal  (Quarrel 
"with  the  Indians.  Our  Traders,  in  Defiance 
"  of  the  Law,  carry  fpirituous  Liquors  among 
"  them,  and  take  the  Advantage  of  their  inor- 
"dinate  Appetite  for  it  to  cheat  them  of  their 
"Skins  and  their  Wampum,  which  is  their 
"  Money,  and  often  to  debauch  their  Wixcs 
"into  the  Bargain.  Is  it  to  be  wondered  at 
"  then,  if,  when  they  recover  from  their  drun- 
"ken    Fit,  thev  fbould   take  fome  icverc   Re- 

"  veiifres. 


'I'll: 


(  5'-  ) 
"venges.  If  I  am  rightly  informed,  the  like 
"  Abufes  of  the  Traders  in  New-England  were 
"  the  principal  Caufes  of  the  Indian  Wars  there, 
"and  at  length  obliged  the  Government  to 
"take  the  Trade  into  their  own  Hands.  This 
"is  a  Matter  that  well  deferves  your  Atten- 
"  tion,  and  perhaps  will  foon  require  your 
"  Imitation." 

It  would  be  too  fhocking  to  defcribe  the 
Condu<5t  and  Behaviour  of  the  Traders,  when 
among  the  Indians^  and  endlefs  to  enumerate 
the  Abufes  the  Indians  had  received  and  borne 
from  them  for  a  Series  of  Years.  Suffice  it  to 
fay,  that  feveral  of  the  Tribes  were  at  lafl:  weary 
of  bearing.  And  as  thefe  Traders  were  the  Per- 
fons  who  were,  in  fome  Sort,  the  Reprefenta- 
tives  of  the  Englijh  among  the  Indians,  and  by 
whom  they  were  to  judge  of  our  Manners  and 
Religion,  they  conceived  fuch  invincible  Pre- 
judices againft  both,  particularly  againft  our 
holy  Religion,  that  when  Mr.  Sergeant,  a  Gen- 
tleman in  New-England,  took  a  Journey  in  1741 
to  the  Shawaneje,  and  fome  other  Tribes,  living 
on  Sufquehannah,  and  offi^'red  to  inftruct  them 
in  the  Chriftian  Religion,  they  rejeded  his 
Offer  with  Difdain.  They  reproached  Chrif- 
tianity.  They  told  him  the  Traders  would 
lie,  cheat,  and  debauch  their  Women,  and  even 
their  Wives,  if  their  Huft)ands  were  not  at 
home.  They  faid  farther,  that  the  Senecas  hail 
Houlatun- giyj.,-,  them  their  Country,  but  charged  them 

""    d"*^'!  withal  never  to  receive  Chriftianitv  from  the 
ans.  p.  90,  / 

EnghJ/i. 

The  Treaty  of  1747,  held  at  Philadelpliia 
with  the  Ohio  Indians,  at  which  they  complainetl 
of  the  Ejiglijh  for  having  engaged  them  in  a 
War  with  the  French,  and  then  left  them  to 
fight  it  out  themfelves;  as  well  as  the  Lancajler 

Treaty 


Hopkin's 
Memoirs 
relating 
to  the 


&c. 


I  I 


i':J!^i 


(  57  ) 
Treaty  of   1748,  at  which  the  T'wigbtwees,  a 
powerful  Nation  weftward  of  the  Obioy  entered 
into  an  Alliance  with  the  Englijh\  we  fliall  pafs 
over  and  proceed  to  that  of  1749,  held  at  Phi- 
ladelphia with  fome  Deputies  from  the  Senecas. 
Thefe  had  been  fent  to  meet  fome  other  Chiefs 
from  each  of  the  Six  Nations,  who  had  been 
appointed  by  the  grand  Council  at  Omndago 
to  go  to  Philadelphia  on  fome  Affairs  of  im- 
portance.    Coming  at  the  Time  appointed  to 
the  Place  of  Rendezvous,  and  having  there, 
for  fome  Time,  in  vain  waited  the  Arrival  of 
the  other  Deputies,  they  agreed  to  proceed  by 
themfelves  to  Philadelphia.     "One  of  the  moft 
"  confiderable  Points  (fays  their  Speaker  to  the 
"  Governor)  which  induced  the  Council  to  fend 
"  Deputies  at  this    fime,  was,  that  they  had 
"  heard  the  white  People  had  begun  to  fettle 
"  on  their  Side  the  blue  Mountains,  and  we, 
"  the  Deputies  of  the  Senecas ^  (laying  fo  long 
"  at  ff^\ofnefi,  had  an  Opportunity  of  enquiring 
"  into  the  Truth  of  this  Information,  and  to 
"  our  Surprize  found  the  Story  confirmed,  with 
"  this  Addition,  that  even  this  Spring,  fince 
"  the  Governor's  Arrival,  Numbers  of  Fami- 
"  lies  were  beginning  to  make  Settlements.    As 
"our  Boundaries  are  fo  well  known,  and  fo 
"  remarkably  diftinguifhed  by  a  Range  of  high 
"  Mountains,  we  could  not  fuppofe  this  could 
"  be  done  by  Miftake,  but  that  either  it  muft 
"  be  done  wickedly  by  bad  People  without  the 
"  Knowledge  of  the  Government,  or  that  the 
"  new  Governor  has  brought  fome  Inftrudions 
"from  the  King  or  the  Proprietaries  relating 
"  to  this  Affair,  whereby  we  are  like  to  be  much 
"  hurt.     The  Governor  will  be  pleafed  to  tell 
"  us,  whether  he  has  brought  any  Orders  from 
"  the  Kin^  or  the  Proprietaries  for  thefe  People 

"to 


H 


.1 


i 


(  5«  ) 
"to  fctrlc  on  our  l>:uuls;   and,  if  not,  vvc  car- 
"  ncftiv  dcfirc  tlicy  may   l»c  made  to  remove 
"inftaiitly  with  all  their  Kfteds  to  prcimt  the 
^'fad  Co)ijc<fuences  which  will  otherwife  enjiie.'' 

Thefe  Deputies  alfo  renew  the  Demands  of 
the  Cono\  ludiaus  for  fome  Satisfadion  on  Ae- 
count  of  the  Lanil  they  had  left  when  they  went 
to  fettle  on  Jioiiata.  We  fee  the  Indians  don't 
eafily  t^ive  up  a  Right;  thefe  Conoys  had  engaged 
the  Deputies  of  the  Six  Nations  to  reprefent 
their  Cafe  to  (lovernor  Tbomas,  who  told  them 
he  had  not  heard  from  the  Proprietors  on  this 
Head,  but  that  they  might  beafTured  the  Pro- 
prietors would  do  every  Thing  that  could 
reafonably  be  expec'tetl  from  them:  Now  they 
get  the  Senccas  to  renew  their  Demand  to  Ciov- 
ernor  llamiltun. 

In  anfwer  to  the  Speech  of  the  Indian  f'hief, 
the  Governor  acknowledges,   "'I'hat  the   I*eo- 
ple's  fettling  on   Juniata  was  contrary  to   tiie 
Kngagements  of  this  Cjovernment  to  the  In- 
dians \  that  he  had  receiveii  no  (Jrders  from  his 
Majefty   or   the    Proprietaries    in    J''avo    .    of 
them;  that  they  hail  no  Countenance  from  the 
Government,  and  that   no  JMuieavours  lliould 
be  wanting  on  his  Part  to  bring  the  Offenders 
to  Juftice,  and  to  prevent  all  futurr.  Caufe  of 
Complaint."     With   refped  to  the  Conoys  he 
lets  them  know,  that  he  was  informed  by  the 
Proprietary  Officers,  that  this  Land,  for  which 
the  Conoys  dcnViind  Satisfai^tion,  was  not  referved 
out  of  the  Grant  of  the  Lands  fold  by  the  Six 
Nations;    that   their  living  there  was  only  a 
Favour  or  Indulgence  of  the  Proprietor;    be- 
fides,  he  told  the  Deputies  that  the  Six  Nations 
had  frequently  defi red  the  Proprietaries  not  to 
u;i\c  Money  to  any  tributary  Nations  for  Land, 
and  as  thefe  Conors  are  fuch,  they  wouKI  have 

* 

Reafon 


'';f 


(  59  ) 
kcafon  to  find  I'ault  with  the  Proprietaries, 
flioukl  they  pay  any  Thing,  efpccially  as  they 
have  ah-eady  given  to  the  Six  Nations  a  valu- 
able Confideration.  Thus,  .ther  than  part 
with  a  few  Pounds,  they  would  lofe  the  Affec- 
tions of  an  fndia}i  Tribe. 

At  the  Departure  of  thefe  Deputies  the  Go- 
vernor, confulering  that  the  Province  had  been 
put  to  fonie  Isxpence  by  them,  told  them,  if 
they  met  the  other  Deputies,  to  inform  them 
what  they  had  done  here,  and  perfuade  them 
to  return.  Accordingly  the  Scnecas,  upon  their 
Return  meeting  the  other  Deputies,  informed 
them  as  the  Governor  defired.  However  they 
determined  to  proceed  to  Phihidclpbitiy  and 
obliged  the  Sencciis  to  return  with  them.  Upon 
hearing  this  the  Governor  fent  an  Exprefs  to 
Conrad  ircifet\  the  Provincial  Interpreter,  de- 
firing  him  "to  try  all  poffible  Methods  to  di- 
"  vert  them  from  proceeding  on  their  Journey." 
Hereupon  Cfmrad  IVeifer  immediately  fet  out 
to  meet  them,  and  was  furprized  to  fee  above 
200  moftly  men.  He  ftood  at  a  Diftance  likeC  Wci- 
a  Stranger  for  above  a  Ouarter  of  an  Hour,  to  '^"'''■^  ^''^\- 

fignify  that  he  was  not  well  pleafed;   at  laft  he  ^'■''■'  '"  ^'''-'" 

II-        1  i-i     1       II        I        •   1    r  r    \  crctarv 

was  obliged  to  lliake  Hands  with  iome  or  them.  Petcrs, 

He  then  fat  tlown  with  Cauaffatcgo^  the  Chief  A  ij.'.  6, 

Speaker,   and  afked   him  v  lere   he  was  going '749- 

with  fuch   a  Number  of  Indians.     Canajfatego 

told  him,  he  could   not  be  at  a  Lofs  to  know 

where  they  were  going  after  receiving  the  Mef- 

fage  he  had  fent  him.    Mr.  IVcifcr  replied,  that 

when  that  Meffage  was  fent  he  had  not  met  the 

Seneca  Chiefs,  who  having  been  at  Philadelphia, 

ami  performed  what  was  to  be  done,  rendered 

his    Journey    thither    needlefs.       Canajfatego  s 

Anfwer  was,  "That  he  had  fince  met  the  Seneca 

Chiefs,  and  had  brought  them  back  with  him; 

that 


(     ^'O    ) 

that  all  was  not  done  that  ought  to  have  hccn 
done,  and  that  as  he  had  come  fo  far  with  the 
Deputies  of  the  Six  uiiiteil  Nations,  he  could 
not  return  i)efore  he  had  been  in  l^biladclpbia. 
C.  IVe'tJer  told  him,  he  might  have  left  the 
Shamokin  ami  other  Su/}/uf/.>a>ina/.>  lmiia}is  behind. 
The  Day  following  he  had  another  Conference 
with  Caiiajjatego  and  others,  in  which  he  told 
them,  he  thought  it  impruilent  for  them  to  go 
to  Philadelphia  with  fuch  a  Number  of  People, 
who  had  no  Bufinefs  there  but  to  get  drunk; 
that,  as  their  Number  was  fo  great,  they  could 
not  exped  to  get  Viduals  enough;  that,  among 
white  People,  every  Thing  was  fold,  and  the 
Money,  wherewith  Provifions  were  bought, 
was  a  free  (jift  of  the  Inhabitants;  and  that, 
as  the  Seneca  Deputies  had  been  down  with  a 
good  Number  of  other  Indians  not  long  ago, 
and  had  cod  a  great  deal  of  Money,  he  thought 
their  going  was  needlefs,  at  leaft  that  they  muft 
not  exped  any  Prefents  unlefs  they  had  fonie- 
thing  elfe  to  clo  which  he  diil  not  know;  that 
they  remembered  very  well  when  they  were 
down  formerly  they  were  fent  for;  and  when 
they  received  large  Prefents  it  was  for  fome 
Land  which  the  Proprietors  then  paid  for;  that 
their  Cafe  was  otherwife  now,  and  that  they 
ought  to  know  that  the  great  Number  of  gootl 
for  nothing  People  with  them  made  their  Cafe 
worfe." 

By  this  Speech  he  fays  he  believed  he  had 
offended  the  Indians  much.  This  is  not  to  be 
wondered  at;  the  Indians  were  very  fenfible 
of  the  Service  they  had  done  to  the  Kn^lijh 
during  the  late  War  with  the  b'rcnch\  that 
they  had  ferved  them  inftead  of  l*\)rts  and 
Guards  againft  the  Incurftons  of  the  French 
and  their  Indians:   How  murt  it  then  difpleafe 

them 


i| 


( ^>I ) 

them  at  the  Ch)rc  of  the  War  to  meet  with 
fuch  a  Reception ! 

In   confequence  of  this   Speech   the   hididn 
Chiefs  immediately  held  a  Council,  where  they 
debated  a  confulerable  'I'ime  what  to  do;  fome 
propofed  to  go  home  again.    Mowever,  at  laft, 
notwithftanding  all  that  C.  It^eifcr  could  fay  to 
the  contrary,  it  was  agreed  to  proceed.     Ac- 
cordingly the  Deputies  of  the   Six  Nations, 
accompanied    with    fome    Mobickufis^    ^Tiitelas^ 
Delaware's  and  NanticokeSy  in  all  to  the  Num- 
ber of  2  So,  fet  forward,  and  arrived  in  Phila- 
delphia about  the  14th  or  15th  oi  Aiigujl  1749. 
On  their  Arrival  the  Governor  paid  them  a 
Vifit,  and  on  the  i6th  Day  of  the  Month  being 
appointed  for  a  public  Conference,  they  met, 
and  all  having  taken  their   Seats,   Canajfatego 
the  chief  Speaker  arofe,  and  addreiring  himfelf 
to  the  Governor  and  Council,  and  all  the  Peo- 
ple of  PenJ'ylvania^  put  them  in   Mind  of  the 
1^'riendlhip  that  had  long  fubfifled  between  the 
Englijh  anil  the  Indians \   that  by  the  Treaties 
a  good  Road  was  eftabliflied  between  us  and 
them;   that,  by  Reafon  of  the  War,  they  had 
not  for  fome  'I'ime  ufed  that  Road,  but  were 
now  come  to  pay  us  a  Vifit;   that  it  was  th..ir 
Cuftom,  after  a   long  Time,   to   renew  their 
Leagues,  or,  as  they  my,  to  brighten  the  Chain 
of  Kriendfliip;  that  this  was  neceflliry  now,  as 
they  had  fomething  to  communicate  of  a  dif- 
agreeable  Nature:   After  this  he  takes  Notice, 
that  the  Indians  were  a  Frontier-Country  be- 
tween our  Enemy  and  us,  fo  that  they  had  been 
our  Guard,  and  Things  had  been  managed  fo 
well  as  to  keep  the  War  from  our  Doors;  that 
tho'  they  had  been  expofed  to  many  Calamities, 
and  Blood  had  been  fhed  among  them,  yet  they 
did  not  trouble  us  with  any  Account  of  their 

Hardlhips 


i  "•  '  > 


I 


! ; 


(    ^>2    ) 

Hardfliips  during  all  this  War,  and  that  no- 
thing that  had  happened  had  leflened  their  Af- 
fedlion  for  us;   that  having  now  Leifure  they 
were  come  to  pay  a  brotherly  Vifit,  and  hoped 
their  coming  would  be  agreeable.     Then  ad- 
drerting  the  Governor  and  Council   only,   he 
fays,   "By  Treaties  all  white  People  were  to 
"have  been  hindered  from  fettling  the  Lands 
"  not  purchafed  of  us,  or  if  they  ffiould  make 
"any  Settlement,  as  they  might  at  fuch  a  Dif- 
"  tance  from  you  without  your  knowing  of  it, 
"  you  engaged  to  remove  them,  when  difcover- 
"ed.       Notwithftanding    your    Engagements 
"  many  People  have  fettled  on  the  Eaft-fide 
^'  o( Sufcjuchamiab,  and  tho'  you  may  have  done 
"  your  Endeavours  to  remove  them,  yet  we  fee 
"  thefe  have  been  without  EfFed,  and  that  white 
"  People  are  no  more  obedient  to  you   than 
"  our  young  Indians  are  to  us;  and  fince  it  may 
"  now  be  attended  with  a  great  deal  of  Trouble, 
"we  have  taken  this  Thing  into  our  Confide- 
"  ration,  having,  wliiie  we  were  on   our  jour- 
"  ney,  obferved  your  People's  Settlements,  and 
"  are  willing  to  give  up  the  Lands  on  the  Eaft- 
"  fide  of  Sufjuebannah^  from  the  blue  Hills  to 
"  where  'Thomas  Ma^ee  the  Indian  Trader  lives, 
"and  leave  it   to  you  to  alfign  the  Worth  of 
"  them."      But  at  the  fame  Time  thev  exprefs 
a  Willingnefs  to  difpofe  of  the  Lands  eaftwai'd 
of  Si//(/H('/.>anna/.>,  i:hey  infift  with  more  I'.arnell- 
nefs  that  the  People  fliould  b-e  removed  from 
the  unpurchafed  Land  welhvard  of  rliat  River. 
Tliev   let  the  (Jovernor  know   thev    liad   feen 
fome  Papers  which  were  interpreted  to  them  to 
be  Orders  for  thefe  People  to  remove  in  con- 
fetjueiice  of  the  Complaints  matle  bv  the  De- 
jiuties  of  the  Seneca  Nations:  'I'hey  thank  him 
for  taking  Notice  of  the  Complaints,  and  for 

taking 


y^\ 


J 


(  ^'3  ) 
taking  Meafures  to  turn  off  the  People:  but 
told  him,  they  were  apprehenfive  that  no  better 
Effedls  would  follow  tl  efe  than  former  Ones 
of  the  fame  Nature;  "If  that  fhould  be  the 
"  Cafe  we  muft,  faid  they,  infift  on  it,  that  as 
"this  is  on  the  Hunting-Ground  of  our  Cou- 
"  fins  the  Nantkokes,  and  other  Indians^  living 
"  on  the  Waters  of  Juniata,  you  ufe  more  vi- 
"  gorous  Mea'^ures,  and  forcibly  remove  them." 
After  this  they  inform  the  Governor,  that  one 
of  their  young  Warriors,  Canajfalegos  Nephew, 
had  been  lately  murdered,  and  prefs  him  in 
ftrong  Terms  to  examine  carefully  into  the 
Truth  how  this  Warrior  came  by  his  Death, 
and  to  judge  impartially  without  Favour  or 
Affedtion  to  his  own  People. 

In  anfwer  to  this  the  Governor  thanks  them 
for  their  firm  Adherence  to  the  Intereft  of  his 
Majelly  during  the  War,  and  for  the  particu- 
lar Declaration  of  Regard  they  had  exprefled 
for  the  People  of  this  Province.  He  lets  them 
know  that  their  Vifit  was  taken  kindly,  and  as 
a  Proof  of  this,  that  a  handfome  Prefent  was 
provided  for  them.  Plaving  anfwered  what 
concerned  the  Public,  he  proceeded  to  fpeak 
to  that  which  was  addreffed  to  himfelf  and  the 
Council,  and  fays,  "Brethren,  we  have  taken 
"  into  Confideration  your  Offer  of  fome  Lands 
"  lying  on  the  Eaft-fide  of  Sufquehannah\  and 
"  tho'  we  have  no  Diredions  from  the  Pro- 
"  prietaries,  who  are  now  in  England,  to  treat 
"with  you  for  Lands,  yet,  as  we  judged  it  for 
"  their  Benefit,  and  for  the  public  (iood,  not 
"  to  rejed  the  Offer  you  ha\e  thought  proper 
"to  make,  we  fent  you  Word  by  the  Inter- 
"  preter  that  we  would  treat  with  you  about  a 
"new  Purchafe,  but,  at  the  fame  Time,  we 
"gave  you  to  underftand  that  we  could  by  no 

"Means 


.      II 


{  (h  ) 

"  Means  accede  to  your  Propofal  in  the  Man- 

"  ner  you  limited  it,  viz.  to  the  Lands  lying 

**  on  the   Eaft-fide  of  Sujquebannah  as   far   as 

"  -Thomas  Magcc\^  becaufe  you  muft  be  fenfi- 

"ble,  that  as  the  Head  of  the  River  Schiiykill 

*']ies  not  far  from  the  SufquehanHub,  and  not 

"far  from  the  Head  of  Scbuykill  there  runs 

"  one  of  the  main  Branches  of  the  River  Dela- 

"  ware\  and  that  the  Delaware  Indians^  in  their 

"  hift  Treaty,  had  granted  the  Lands  from  this 

"  Branch  to  very  near   the  Lccbawacbfein  on 

'^  Delaware \  I  fay,  confidering  all  thefe  Things 

"which  were  explained  to  you  on  a  Draught, 

"  by  which   it  appeared  that  all   you  offer  is 

"  mountainous,  broken  and  poor  Land,  you 

"  muft  know  that  this  is  not  worth  our  Accep- 

"tance;  but  we  added,  if  you  would  extend 

'*  your  Offer  to  go  more  northerly  on  Sujque- 

"  bannab  as  far  as  Sbamokin^  and  that  the  'Lrad 

"  might  carry  its  Breadth  to  Delaware  River, 

"  fo  that  we  could  in  any  Manner  juftify  our- 

'*  felves  to  the  Proprietaries,  we  would  clofe 

"and  give   you  a  juft  Confideration  for  the 

"  Lands.    On  this  you  held  a  Council  and  made 

"  us   a  fect)nd  Offer,  that   you    woukl   fign   a 

"  Deed  to  the  Proprietaries  for  all  that  Tradt 

"  of  Land  that  lies  within  the  following  Bounds, 

"  viz.  beginning  at  Kittocbtinny  Hills  where  our 

"  laft    Purchafe   ends    on    Siifqiiebannab^    from 

"  thence  by  the  Courfes  of  the   River  Siijqiic- 

'•'■  bannab  to  the  firft   Mountain   north  of  the 

"  Creek  called  in  the  Onomlago  Language  Can- 

'■'■  tawgby^  and  in  the  Delaware  Language  Mag- 

'■'■  booniaby^  on    the    faid    River    Sufquebannab: 

"This   is    the  wcilern    Boundary.     Then   for 

"  the  north   Boundary,  by  a  ftraight   Line  to 


(( 


he   run    from    rliat    Mountain    to    the    main 
"  Branch  of  Delaivare  River  at  the  north  Side 

"  of 


(  65  ) 

"of  the  Mouth  o( Lecbawacbjein,  (o  as  to  take 
"in  the  Waters  of  Lechawachjein.  The  eaft 
"  Boundary  to  be  the  River  Delaware  from 
"  the  North  of  the  Vi/Jikill  to  the  Kittochtinny 
"Hills.  The  South  Boundary  to  be  the 
"  Range  of  the  Kittochtinny  Hills  to  the  Place 
"of  beginning;  together  with  the  Iflands  in 
"  the  Rivers  of  Sufquehannah  and  Delaware  in 
"  that  Compafs.  Having  received  this  fecond 
"  Offer,  tho'  neither  in  this  is  there  any  con- 
"  fidcrable  (Quantity  of  good  Land,  yet,  in  re- 
"gard  to  your  Poverty,  more  than  to  the  real 
"  Value  of  the  Trad,  we  Tent  you  Word,  that, 
"on  your  figning  a  Deed,  we  would  pay  you 
"the  Sum  of  five  Hundred  Pounds." 

As  to  the  People  fettled  on  Juniata  the  Go- 
vernor lets  the  Indians  know,  that  it  will  be  no 
difficult  Matter  to  remove  thefe  Intruders,  if 
fonie  of  the  Indians  do  not  give  them  Counte- 
nance; that  not  above  four  or  five  Years  ago 
they  had  all  been  removed  from  'Juniata^  nor 
would  any  have  prefumed  to  go  there  fince, 
had  they  not  been  favoured  by  fome  Indians. 
He  inftances  to  them  fome  Indians  objcding 
about  a  Year  before  to  the  Removal  of  the 
white  People  fettled  on  the  Path  leading  to 
Allegheny^  and  tells  them  that  they  muft  not 
defend,  nor  invite  back,  the  People  that  are 
turned  off;  and  on  his  Part  affures  them  that 
he  will  caufe  the  People  to  remove.  With  re- 
gard to  the  Indian  that  was  murdered,  he  in- 
forms them,  that  he  had  already  caufed  a  full 
and  impartial  Enquiry  to  be  made  how  he 
came  by  his  Death,  and  that  the  moft  proba- 
ble Conjedlure  that  could  be  formed  was,  that 
the  Murder  was  committed  by  fome  of  the  In- 
dian •?,  own  Comrades;  that  Mr.  Crogban,  the 
Magilh-ate  before  whom  the  Matter  was  laid, 
'  would 


i 


I  Mil 


'!!  II 


Vi     !' 


(   66   ) 

would  have  examined  the  Indians,  but  they 
would  not  fubmit  to  it,  and  one  of  them  in 
particular  ran  away;  that,  however,  the  white 
People,  at  whofe  Houfe  the  Indians  got  Liquor, 
were  all  bound  over  to  Court,  and  if  it  ap- 
peared that  they,  or  any  others,  were  concerned 
in  the  Murder,  they  fliould  fuffer  as  if  they 
had  killed  p.  white  Man.  After  feveral  Con- 
ferences with  the  Chiefs  of  the  Indians  concern- 
ing the  new  Purchafe  of  Lands,  (of  which  no 
Minutes  are  publiflied)  the  Limits  were  at 
length  agreed  to  by  both  Sides,  and  the  Con- 
fideratior  Money  paid,  whereupon  the  Indians 
executed  a  Deed  for  the  fame. 

Whether  this  Sale  of  Lands  was  a  Thing 
agreed  upon  in  the  Council  at  Onondago,  or 
whether  thefe  Deputies,  upon  finding  their 
Vifit  was  not  like  to  be  agreeable,  and  that 
they  were  to  expedl  no  Prefent  without  a  Sale 
of  fome  Land,  might  not,  without  any  particu- 
lar Orders  to  that  Purpofe,  undertake  of  them- 
felves  to  make  this  Sale,  fhall  at  prefent  be 
pafled  over.  Nor  fhall  we  infift  upon  what 
Canajfatt'go,  in  the  Name  of  the  Six  Nations, 
declares  in  the  Treaty  in  1742,  "viz.  '^That  after 
that  lime  they  ivouldjell  no  Lands  but  when  their 
Brother  Onas  was  in  the  Country^  and  they  would 
know  beforehand  the  l-^uantity  of  Goods  they  were 
to  receive:  They  might  change  their  Minds. 
But,  as  this  Purchafe  of  1749  is  the  laft  which 
the  Proprietaries,  or  their  Agents,  have  made 
of  the  Indians^  on  the  eaft  Side  o{  Sufquehannahy 
it  may  not  be  improper  to  flop  here  a  little, 
and  colled  into  one  View  what  relates  to  the 
Lands  on  that  Side,  in  order  that  we  may  fee 
whether  there  be  any  juft  Grounds  for  the 
Complaints  which  the  Delaware  Indians  lately 
made  of  their  being  cheated  out  of  their  Lands. 

It 


I 

I? 


67  ) 


It  is  true,  as  the  Indians  have  no  Writings,  nor 
Records  among  them,  fave  their  Memories  and 
Belts  of  Wampum,  we  can  only  have  Recourfe 
to  the  Minutes  taken,  and  Records  kept,  by 
one  Party,  nay,  oftentimes,  by  thofe  who,  if 
any  advantage  was  taken  of  the  Indians^  niuft 
have  been  concerned  in  it,  and  confequently 
would  not  care,  by  minuting  every  Thing  truly, 
to  perpetuate  their  own  Difgrace. 

In  171 8  we  find  that  an  Enquiry  was  made 
into  Land  Affairs  by  the  Proprietary  Commif- 
fioners  and  the  Delaware  Indian  Chiefs;  that 
the  old  Deeds  were  carefully  infpefted,  the 
Bounds  of  the  Purchafes  made  of  the  Indians 
at  fundry  Times  fully  afcertained;  and,  to  put 
an  End  to  all  Doubts  and  Difputes  for  the 
future,  a  Deed  of  Confirmation  granted  by  the 
Indians  for  all  the  Lands  they  had  heretofore 
iold  the  Proprietaries,  namely  from  Duck  Creek 
to  the  I.echay  Hills  which  are  fouthward  of  the 
Forks  of  Delavoare.  In  1722  a  Settlement  is 
made  at  Tulpybockin:  In  1728  the  Indians  at  a 
public  Treaty  complain  of  it  as  being  on  their 
Land.  Upon  Examination,  and  referring  back 
to  the  foregoing  Deed,  it  is  found  to  be  as  they 
fay,  and  they  are  requefted  not  to  moleft  or 
injure  the  People  feated  there,  but  to  wait  till 
that  Matter  could  be  adjufted.  Thus  the 
Matter  refted  till  the  Proprietor  came  over  in 
1732,  vviien  this  Trad  of  Land  was  purchafed 
of  the  Indians.  But  tho'  the  Purchafes  which 
the  Proprietaries  had  made  of  the  Indians  were 
ftill  (except  at  'Tulpybockin)  bounded  by  the 
Lechay  Hills,  one  Gentleman  having  purchafed 
a  Right  to  10,000  Acres  of  unlocated''"  Lands, 

*  /'.  c.  Land  in  general,  the  Place  or  Places  where  the 
Right  is  to  he  hiiJ  among  the  vacant  Lands  in  the  Wilder- 
nels,  not  being  yet  cholcn,  nor  afcertained  by  any  Survey. 

found 


it 

is 

I 

i 


(  68  ) 

found  Means  to  have  a  Part  of  thefe  located 
in  the  Forks  above  ;]0  Miles  above  the  Boun- 
daries in  the  IfiJian  Country.  Encouraged  by 
his  Example,  many  others  foon  after  entered, 
and  poflc{Ted  thcmfelves  of  the  adjacent  Coun- 
trv.  Of  this  the  Indians  complained;  but  in- 
ftead  of  paying  any  Regard  to  their  Complaints 
a  Lottery  of  Land  was  fet  on  Foot  by  the  Pro- 
prietor in  1734,  whereby  the  greateft  Part  of 
the  Fork  Lands,  then  full  oi Indian  Settlements, 
were  offered  to  Sale.  In  the  mean  Time,  to 
amufe  the  Indians,  feveral  Conferences  are  held 
with  fome  of  their  Chiefs,  viz.  one  at  Durham, 
one  at  Pcnihury,  and  one  at  Philadelphia;  but  as 
no  Minutes  of  thefe  Conferences  were  ever  pub- 
liflied,  and  if  any  were  taken,  were  only  entered 
in  the  Council  Books,  to  which  Accefs  is  de- 
nied, we  fliould  have  been  at  a  Lofs  to  know 
what  was  there  debated  and  tranfaded,  were  it 
not  for  a  Releafe  granted  at  the  laft  of  thefe 
Conferences.  In  the  Preamble  of  t!  "s  we  are 
informed,  that  the  Affair  of  Lands  was  the  Sub- 
ject of  thefe  Conferences;  that  the  Proprietor, 
in  order  to  fettle  Matters  with  the  Indians,  had 
Hecourfe,  not,  as  had  been  done  before,  to  the 
Deed  of  1718,  which  would  have  clearly  deter- 
mined the  Boundaries  between  him  and  the 
Indians,  but  to  a  Writing  which  was  produced 
as  a  Deed  granted  by  their  I'orefathers  to  //'/'/- 
Ham  Pcnn  in  1686;  and,  to  prove  the  V^alidity 
of  this,  the  Evidence  of  two  Perfons  is  taken, 
who  folemnly  declared,  not  that  they  had  (ccn 
fuch  a  Deed  executed,  and  that  this  was  the 
very  Deed,  but  that  they  remembered  there  was 
a  Treaty  held  at  that  Time  between  the  Indians 
and  the  Agents  of  U'illiani  Penn.  By  the  Re- 
citals in  the  Preamble  it  would  appear  as  if  the 
Deed  of  1686  itfelf  had  been  fliewn  to  the  In- 
dians, 


(  69   ) 

dians^  and  that  the  Proprietor  had  waited  pa- 
tiently till  the  Indians  were  fatisfied  of  the  Truth 
of  it.  But  the  contrary  is  notorious:  For  the 
People,  during  thefe  Conferences,  were  fettling 
thick  in  the  Forks,  and  as  to  the  Deed  it  is 
clear  there  was  none  fliewn.  However,  the  In- 
dians being  made  to  believe,  that  their  Forefa- 
thers had  granted  fuch  a  Deed,  were  induced, 
without  any  farther  Confideration,  to  fign  a 
Relcafe  anfwering  thereto.  There  is  lome 
Rcafon  to  think  that  the  Six  Nations  had,  by 
their  Authority,  forced  them  into  this  Meafure. 
The  Year  before,  their  Deputies  had  been  at 
Philadelphia, -And  fold  the  Lands  on  Sujquehannah, 
for  which  they  had  received  a  large  Quantity  of 
Goods,  and  befides  a  confiderable  Prefent.  At 
this  Time  Complaints  were  made  to  them 
againft  the  Dclaivares,  for  giving  the  Province 
Difturbance  about  Lands,  which,  as  was  faid, 
the  Proprietor  had  purchafed  from  them,  and 
paid  for,  above  55  Years  ago.  On  their  Return 
home  the  Deputies,  loaded  with  Prefents,  pafled 
thro'  the  VA'A/u^'c/rt' Country,  and  the  next  Spring 
fome  of  the  Dclaivares  came  down  and  figned 
the  Releafe  mentioned  above.  As  the  Land 
granted  by  this  Releafe  was  to  be  meafured  by 
a  Day  and  half's  Walk,  the  Proprietor  got  Men 
noted  for  walking,  had  a  Road  prepared  and 
laid  out  with  the  Compafs,  and  Horfes  pro- 
vided to  carry  them  over  Rivers,  by  which 
Means  they  were  enabled  to  travel  over  a  pro- 
digious Extent  of  Country.  Nor  was  the  Ex- 
tent of  the  Purchafedetermined  by  the  Journey, 
which  the  two  Men  performed  who  were  firft 
fixed  on,  but  by  that  of  another,  who  knowing 
himfelf  capable  of  performing  a  great  Journey, 
had,  in  order  to  ingratiate  himfelf  with  the 
Proprietor,  joined  the  other  two,  and  travelled 

about 


n 


( 70 ) 

about  fix  Miles  farther  than  any  of  them.    And, 
what  is  ftill  more,  from  the  End  of  the  Walk, 
inftead  of  drawing  a  Line  hy  the  nearefl;  Courfe 
to  the  River  Delazvare,  or  parallel  to  that  from 
which   they   fet  out,   they   run   a   North-Eaft 
Courfe  to  near  the  Mouth  of  the  Lechaviuichjein^ 
and  by  this  Means  the  Boundary  Line  was  car- 
ried many  Miles  beyond  the  Lechay  Hills,  and 
took  in  many  Hundred  Thoufand  Acres  more 
than  it  ought  to  have  done.     The  hidians  im- 
mediately faw  and  complained  of  the  Fraud, 
nor  would  they  give  up  their  Claim,  and  relin- 
quifli  their  Land,  till  forced  thereto,  as  we  have 
feen  above,  by  the  Six  Nation  Deputies  in  1742. 
With  refped  to  the  Purchafe  of  1749,  it  is  to 
be  obferved,  the  Deputies  of  the  Six  Nations 
at  firft:  of  themfelves  only  offer  to  fell  lb'-  Lands 
on  the  Eaft  Side  o(  Su/qucbannab.    They  never 
feem  to  have  claimed  a  Right  to  fell  the  Lands 
on  Delaware.     It  is  true,  fourteen  Days  after 
the  Deed  of  1736  was  granted,  a  few  of  the 
Indians  who  remained  in  Town  were  drawn  in 
to  fign  a  Writing,  declaring  that  they  meant  to 
extend  the  Grant  to  Delaware^  but  this  was  not 
an  Ad:  of  the  whole,  nor  was  any  Confideration 
paid,  and  every   Circumftance  confidered,  or 
only  this  one,  viz.  how  Indians  commonly  de- 
bauch themfelves  with  Liquor,  after  they  think 
publick  Bufinefs  is  over,  it  may  be  faid  this 
was  done  in  a  Manner  not  the  fartheft  removed 
from  all  Sufpicion  of  Chicanery.    But,  however 
that  be,  we  never  find  the  Six  Nations  objeded 
to  the  Sales  formerly  made  by  the  Dclawares. 
At  prefent,  as  the  Proprietary  Officers  would 
not  buy  unlefs  the  Trad  extended  to  the  Dela- 
ware, the  Indians  we  are  told,  after  holding  a 
Council,  agree  it  fhall  extend  fo  far:   And,  no 
doubt,  it  was  to  give  a  Sandion  to  the  Sale  that 

Nutimus 


( ?•  ) 

Nutimus  and  ^^lalpaghach^  two  Delaware  Chiefs, 
were  made  Parties  in  the  Deed,  and  drawn  in 
to  fign  it.  But  how  far  an  Adion,  done  thro' 
Conipulfion,  binds  them,  or  admitting  the  Ac- 
tion voluntary,  yet  how  far,  even  in  that  Cafe, 
it  would  hind  a  Nation,  whofe  Form  of  Go- 
vernment is  fuch,  that  nothing  is  deemed  valid, 
but  what  is  deliberated  and  agreed  upon  in  their 
publick  Councils,  is  eafily  determined.  Again, 
if  it  was  neceflary  to  make  fome  of  the  Dela- 
wares  Parties  to  the  Deed,  why  were  not  fome 
of  the  Munjey  or  Mimjink  Indians  alfo  taken  in? 
A  large  Part  of  their  Country  was  included  in 
this  Grant,  yet  they  are  never  confulted,  not  a 
Deputy  is  prefent  from  their  Nation. 

Such  are  the  Fadts;  each  one  of  them  can  be 
proved  by  publick  Records  or  living  Witnefles: 
Wh  'ler  then  the  Complaints  of  King  TeedyuJ- 
cioig,  who,  in  a  publick  Capacity,  reprefents  the 
feveral  Tribes  of  the  De/awares,  as  well  as  the 
Munjeys,  ^c.  who  have  of  late  united  in  one 
League,  and  chofen  him  for  their  Head;  that 
is,  whether  the  Complaints  of  all,  or  any,  of 
thefe  Tribes  or  Nations  of  Indians^  have  any 
juft  Foundation,  let  the  World  judge. 

But  to  return  from  this  Digreilion.    As  the 
People  who  had  fettled  on  the  Lands  unpur- 
chafed  of  the  Six  Nations  did  not  pay  Regard 
to  the  Governor's  Proclamation,  it  was  judged 
proper  to  put  the  Law  ftridlly  in  Execution 
againft  them,  and  for  that  Purpofe  Secretary 
Peters  was  fent  up  in  May  1750.     "On  his 
Way  he  met  with  fome  Indians^  to  whom  hej^j.^g*,g  ^'^._ 
imparted  his  Bufinefs:   They  told  him,  they  port  to  the 
were  exceedingly  pleafed  to  hear  he  was  going  Governor, 
to  remove  thofe  People;   that  it  was  an  Affair 
the  Council  of  Onondago  or  the  Six  Nations  had 
very  much  at  Heart,  but  they  were  afraid  this 

would 


(  r~  ) 

wouKl  prove  like  former  Attempts;  the  People 
would  be  put  off  now,  and  next  Year  come 
a^ain;  if  fo,  they  Hiiil  the  Six  Nations  would 
no  longer  bear  it,  but  wouKl  do  thcmfelves  Juf- 
tice.  After  this  Mr.  l\eters  proceeded,  and 
being  accompanied  with  thofe  Indians^  broke  up 
the  Settlements  in  Shermans  Valley,  on  Junidta^ 
at  .■/ucf/nick  (aWa^i  Jn^/.nvick)  in  the  Path  Valley 
and  Big  Cove,  which  all  lie  beyond  the  Kitlocb- 
tinny  H  ills,  everywhere  difpoflelling  the  People, 
taking  PoHenion  for  the  Proprietors,  and  burn- 
ing the  moft  ordinary  Houfes  and  Cabbins. 
The  People  of  the  Little  Cove,  which  was  a 
Part  of  the  unpurchafed  Lands  juft  on  the  Bor- 
ders oi Maryland^  prefented  him  a  Petition,  ad- 
tlreffed  to  the  Governor,  praying  that  they  might- 
be  allowed  to  remain  there  till  a  Purchafe  was 
made  of  the  Lands  from  the  huiians.  As  but 
few  had  figned  the  Petition,  he  returned  it  to 
thofe  who  prefented  it,  telling  them,  when  it 
was  figned  by  more,  if  it  fliould  appear  to  him 
that  they  were  North  of  the  temporary  Line 
(/.  c.  in  the  Bounds  of  Pctifyhania)  he  would 
recommend  their  Cafe  to  the  Governor." 
Strange!  that  he  who  was  fent  up  to  remove 
thofe  People  who  were  fettled  on  the  huiians 
Land,  who  knew  fo  well  how  much  the  Indians 
were  irritated  at  People's  fettling  there,  anti  how 
warmly  they  remonllrated  againil  it,  nay,  who 
feemed  convinced  of  (and  as  he  himfelf  declares 
proceeded  on)  "this  as  a  certain  Truth,  That, 
if  he  did  not  at  this  Journey  entirely  remove 
thefe  People,  it  would  not  be  in  the  Power  of 
the  Government  to  prevent  an  Jndian  W'ixr," — 
that,  after  this,  he  Hiould  undertake  to  be  an 
Interceflbr  for  fuch  Intruders,  or,  he  fays  him- 
felf, t(»  recommend  their  Cafe  to  the  Governor! 
But  the  Indians  betore  obferved,  that   I'erfons 

fent 


vv 


ho 


(   7J   ) 
fcnt  on  th;it  I'.rraiul  had  nor  hccn  remarkable 
fordoing  their  Duty;  that  io  far  from  removing 
the  l*eople,  they  made  Surveys  for  themfelves, 
anil  were  in  League  with  the  'I'refpaflers. 

Hy  the  MefTage  which  the  Governor  fent  to 
the  Afllnihly  with  Mr.  Pc/ir/s  Report,  it  ap- 
pears that  what  had  been  done  was  like  to  be 
of  little  Avail,  and  that  there  would  be  an  ab- 
folute  NeceHity  of  taking  ftill  farther  Meafures 
againft  thefe  Intruders.  In  fliort,  fo  little  Kf- 
fee't  had  this,  that  thofe  who  had  been  fpared 
were  fpiriteil  up  to  ftay,  and  others  went  and 
fettled  by  them,  fo  that  in  a  few  Years  the  Set- 
tlements in  the  lnJia)i  Country  were  more  nu- 
merous, aiul  farther  extended  than  ever. 

In  1753,  when  the  French  cwmc  W\x\\  an  arm- 
ed I'Orce  to  take  PofTenion  of  the  Lands  on  the 
Ohio,  and  to  build  a  Fort,  the  Six  Nation  In- 
t/idfis,  with  the  S/.>aiV(inife  and  De/azvan's  on  the 
(Jl'lo,  feemed  very  much  alarmed,  and  refolved 
at  all  }'',vents  to  oppofe  them.  Upon  firft  hear- 
ing of  their  coming,  they  had  twice  fent  Orders 
to  the  French  not  to  proceed;  but  finding  their 
Meffliges  had  not  thedefired  Kffed,  they  agreed 
to  tlivide  themfelves  into  two  Parties,  one  to  go 
to  /'ira^inid  and  PcnJ'ylvania  to  requeft  Alfiftance, 
and  the  other  to  the  French  Commander,  with 
exprefs  Orders  to  quit  their  Country,  otherwife 
thev  would  declare  War  againft  him. 

The  firlt  Party,  having  tranfae'ted  their  Bufi-Xreatv  at 
nefs  with  the  Governor  o^  I'irginia^  fet  forward Carliflc, 
for  Penfyhuniiiy  and  were  met  at  Carlijk  by  Com-  '753- 
milfioners  appointed  by  Governor  Hamilton  to 
treat  with  them.    At  this  Time  they  defire  that 
Pcnfyli'ania  and  I'irginia  would  forbear  fettling 
on  the  Indian  Lands  over  the  Allegheny  LI  ills; 
fo  far  hail  i'eople  got,  tho'  as  yet  no  Purchafe 
was  made  beyond  the  Kitluchtinny  Mountains. 
K  'I'hey 


:i 


u 


(  74  ) 
They  aclvifc  tlicfc  (lovcrnmcnts  to  call  hack 
their  People  on  this  Side  the  Hills.  They  don't 
life  Threats  as  had  l)een  done  before.  The 
Times  were  critical,  and  the  buiums  were  un- 
willing; to  fay  or  do  any  Thing  from  which  the 
KiigUjli  nii^ht  have  Room  to  fufpert  their  Friend - 
fliip.  Wliat,  therefore,  at  another  Time,  they 
would  have  indfted  on  in  a  peremptory  Manner, 
and  if  we  may  judge  from  then-  former  Comluc^t, 
inforceil  with  Threats,  they  now  only  advife 
from  prudential  Motives,  and  feemingly  out 
of  Regard  to  us,- "left  (as  they  fay)  Damage 
"  fliould  he  done,  and  we  flioukl  think  ill  of 
"them."  They  exprefly  dedre  that  no  People 
ftiould  he  allowed  to  fettle  on  the  '"Juniata  Lands 
till  Matters  are  fettled  between  them  and  the 
French. 

After  this,  defiring  the  Commifltoners  to 
give  ftridt  Attention  to  what  they  are  going  to 
liiy,  as  being  a  Matter  of  great  IVIoment,  they 
proceed  to  take  Notice,  "That  our  Indian 
Traders  are  too  numerous  and  fcattered;  that 
the  French  look  on  their  Number  at  Ohio  with 
Knvy;  they,  therefore,  defired  that  tile  grcateft 
Part  of  them  might  be  called  home,  and  that 
three  Setts  only  might  remain  at  the  Places 
which  they  had  appointed  for  their  Refuieiice, 
viz.  Logs-^T'oivn,  the  Mouth  of  Canazca,  and  the 
Mouth  of  the  Monongahela;  there,  they  faid, 
they  would  proted  them,  and  to  thefe  Places 
they  would  go  and  buy  Goods,  and  no  where 
elfe."  This  was  what  the  Indians  had  long  in 
View.  They  were  fenfible  of  their  own  Weak- 
nefs,  and  immoderate  Defire  of  ftrong  Drink, 
by  which  they  expofed  themfelves  to  many 
Abufes  and  Inconveniencies.  They  had  fre- 
quently complained  to  the  linglijh  Governments, 
and  defired  that  fome  Meafures  might  be  taken 

to 


■^\f»'.<^   ..  • 


(  75  ) 
to  prevent  Liquors  being  carried  among  them 
in  rucli  (Quantities,  hut  nothing  was  clone  to 
I'urpofe:  They  were  toUl  indeed,  they  mitrht 
break  the  Cafks,  ami  fpill  all  the  Liquor  tliat 
was  brought  among  them,  but  this  they  found 
by  Kxperience  would  not  do:  The  Kum-Car- 
riers,  as  they  called  the  Traders,  founil  Means 
to  elude  this.  As  long,  therefore,  as  thefe  l*er- 
fons  were  permitted  to  go  into  their  Country, 
they  fawclearly  that  no  Kemediescould  be  found 
out  to  prevent  the  Evil  they  complained  of. 
b'or  this  Reafon,  in  17,^6,  they  defired  the 
'I'railers  might  be  recalled  from  the  Ohio,  and 
confineil  (o  fome  one  Place  on  Suffjuebamiab: 
At  the  fubfequent  Treaties  they  renewed  this 
Kequeft,  and  now  fix  upon  three  Places  for  the 
Traders  to  refule,  and  requeft  that  none  but 
!  )neft  and  fober  Men  may  be  fuffered  to  deal 
with  them. 

Had  this  been  complied  with,  the  Euglijh 
might  eafdy  have  engroffed  the  Trade,  and  fe- 
cured  the  Afledions,  of  many  of  the  Indian 
Nations;  whereas,  by  negleding  this,  and  fuf- 
fering  a  Parcel  of  Banditti,  under  the  Charadler 
of  Traders,  to  run  up  and  down  from  one  In- 
dian Town  to  another,  cheating  and  debauching 
the  Indians,  we  have  given  them  an  ill  Opinion 
of  our  Religion  and  Manners,  arid  loft  their 
Efteem  and  Friendfhip. 

With  what  Earneftnefs  the  Indians  defired  to 
have  the  Trade  regulated  may  be  feen  from  the 
Speech  of  the  Indian  Chief  to  the  Commiflion- 
ers;  "Your  IVaders,  fays  he,  bring  fcarce  any 
"  Thing  but  Rum  and  Flour:  They  bring  little 
"  Powder  and  Lead,  or  other  valuable  Goods. 
"  The  Rum  ruins  us.  We  beg  you  would  pre- 
"  vent  its  coming  in  fuch  (Quantities  by  regu- 
"  lating  the  Traders.    We  never  underftood  the 

"  Trade 


(1 


(  76  ) 

"  Trade  was  to  be  for  Whifky  and  I^'Iour.  We 
"defire  it  may  be  forbidden,  and  none  fold  in 
"the  Indian  Country;  but  that,  if  the  Indians 
"will  have  any,  they  may  go  among  the  In- 
"  habitants  and  deal  with  them  for  it.  When 
"  thefe  Whifky-Traders  come,  they  bring  thirty 
"  or  forty  Cags,  and  put  them  down  before  us, 
"  and  make  us  drink,  and  get  all  the  Skins  that 
"  fhould  go  to  pay  the  Debts  we  have  contraded 
"  for  Goods  bought  of  the  fair  Traders,  and  by 
"this  Means  we  not  only  ruin  ourfelves  but 
"them  too,  'I'hefe  wicked  Whifky-Sellers, 
"when  they  have  got  the  Indians  in  Liquor, 
"  make  them  fell  the  very  Cloaths  from  their 
"  Backs.  In  fliort,  if  this  Pradice  be  continued, 
"  we  muft  be  inevitably  ruined.  We  moft  earn- 
"  eftly,  therefore,  befeech  you  to  remedy  it." 

The  Commirtioners,  not  having  a  Power  to 
remedy  thefe  Diforders,  promifed  to  lay  them 
before  the  Governor,  and  reprefent  to  him  the 
Necertity  of  thofe  Regulations  which  the  Indians 
defired  fliould  be  made.  This  they  accordingly 
did:  But,  as  ufual,  nothing  more  was  done 
therein. 

The  Aflembly  of  the  Province,  after  reading 
the  above  Treaty,  and  examining  feveral  Papers 
and  Evidences  about  Indian  Affairs,  "bewail 
"the  miferable  Situation  of  our  Indian  Trade 
"carried  on  (fome  few  excepted)  by  the  vilefl: 
"  of  our  own  Inhabitants  anci  Convidts  import- 
"  ed  from  Great-Britain  and  Ireland^  by  which 
"  Means  the  EngUjh  Nation  is  unhappily  re- 
"  prefented  among  our  Indian  Allies  in  the  mod 
"  difagreeable  Manner.  Thefe,  continue  they, 
"trade  without  Controul,  either  beyond  the 
"  Limits,  or,  at  leaft,  beyond  the  Power  of  our 
"  Laws,  debauching  the  Indians  and  themfelvcs 
"with   fpirituous    Liquors,    which    they    now 

"  make 


( 11 ) 

"  make,  in  a  great  Mcadire,  the  principal 
"Article  of  their  Trade,  in  direft  Violation  of 
"our  Laws,  fupplied,  as  we  are  informed,  by 
"feme  of  the  Magiftrates,  who  hold  a  Com- 
"  minion  under  this  Government,  and  other 
"  Inhabitants  of  our  back  Counties."  MelTage 
to  the  Governor,  February  27,  1754. 

In  the  Treaty  of  Carlijle  we  find  Mention 
made  of  fome  Shawaneje  being  made  Prifoners, 
and  confined  in  Cbarles-'-Town;  to  follicite  the 
Keleafe  of  whom,  Scarroyady,  the  principal  Sa- 
chem^ was  deputed,  and  had  undertaken  to  go 
to  Carolina:  Hut,  as  the  Commifiioners  thought 
that  his  Prefence  was  very  neceflliry  at  the  0/w, 
they  advifed  him  to  return,  letting  him  know, 
that  tile  Releafeof  the  Prifoners  would  be  fooner 
and  more  effedually  procured  by  the  Interpo- 
fition  of  the  Governors  oi  Virginia  and  Penjyha- 
nia,  to  whom  they  would  recommend  it,  than  by 
his  perfonal  Solicitation.    'I'his  was  agreeci  to. — 

The  next  Summer,  by  an  Order  from  Eng- 
land, a  grand  Treaty  was  held  with  the  Six 
Nations  at  Albany,  at  which  were  prefent  Com- 
mifiioners  from  moft  of  the  Provinces  on  the 
Continent.  At  this  Time  a  Purchafe  of  Lands 
was  made  for  the  Proprietors  of  Penjyhania, 
which  ruined  our  Interefi:  with  the  Indians,  and 
threw  thofe  of  them,  efpecially  to  the  weftward 
of  us,  entirely  into  the  Hands  of  the  French. 
It  was  bounded  northerly  by  a  North-Weft  by 
Weft  Line,  drawn  from  near  Shamokin  to  Lake 
Erie,  and  to  the  Weft  and  South  by  the  utmoit 
Extent  of  the  Province.  By  this  the  Lands, 
wiicre  the  KSbaivaneJ'e  and  Ohio  Indians  lived,  and 
the  Hunting-- Ground  of  the  Delaivares,  the 
Nanticokes  ;ind  the  I'uteloes,  were  included,  and 
confequently  thefe  Nations  had  nothing  to  ex- 
pert but  to  fee  themfelves  in  a  fliort  'i'ime,  at 

the 


•754- 


I  I 


( 78 ) 

the  Rate  the  Englijh  fettled,  violently  driven 
from  their  Lands,  as  the  Dclawares  had  formerly- 
been,  and  reduced  to  leave  their  Country,  and 
feek  a  Settlement  they  knew  not  where.    This, 
no  doubt,  engaged  many  of  thefe  People  to  give 
Ear  to  the  French^  who  declared  that  they  did 
not  come  to  deprive  the  Indians  of  their  Land, 
but  to  hinder  the  Engli/fi  from  fettling  weftward 
of  the  Allegheny  Hills.    The  Council  of  the  Six 
Nations  were  alfo  difpleafed  at  this  Grant:  For 
it  is  to  be  obferved,  that  this  Sale  or  Grant  was 
not  made  agreeable  to  the  Method  which  the 
Deputies  of  the  Six  Nations,  at  the  Treaty  of 
1742,  declared  they  always  obferved  in  the  Sale 
of  Lands.    It  was  not  agreed  upon  in  the  Coun- 
cil of  Onondago,  but  condemned  by  them  as  foon 
as  they  heard  of  it:  Neither  were  there  any  De- 
puties from  the  Indians  on  the  Ohio,  who  looked 
on  thefe  Lands  as  a  Part  of  their  PofTeifion  gua- 
ranteed to  them  by  the  Scnecas.    In  what  Man- 
ner, and  by  what  Means,  this  Grant  was  ob- 
tained, is  well  known  to  fomewho  attended  the 
Treaty,  as  well  as  the  Artifices  ufed  for  near  a 
Week  to  induce  the  Indians  to  execute  the  Deed. 
The  People  of  Connecticut  had,  under  Colour 
of  their  Charter,  laid  Claim  to  fomc  Lands  in 
the  North- Weft  Part  of  the  Province  of  Pen- 
fyhania\   and,  but  a  fliort  Time  before,  fome 
Perfons  had  come  from  thence  and  matle  Sur- 
veys a  little  above  Shamokin.     At  this  Treaty, 
their  Commiftioners  wanted  to  treat  with  the 
Indians  about  the  Purchafe  of  thefe  Lands.   The 
Proprietary  Agent  hearing  this,  endeavoured 
to  be  before  hand,  and  propofed   to  purchafe 
the  Lands  for  the  Proprietors.     The  Indians 
refufed  to  fell.      Hereupon   it  was  reprefented 
to  them,  that  unlefs  they  figned  fomething  of 
a  Writing  for  thefe  Lands  to  the  Proprietary 

Agent, 


(  79  ) 
Agent,  it  would  be  taken  for  granted  that  thev 
had  either  fold  them  to  the  French,  or  intended 
to  fell  them  to  the  People  of  New-Eti^lami.  In 
order,  therefore,  to  remove  that  Sufpicion,  fome 
of  the  Indians  were,  after  much  Perfuafion,  by 
the  Intereft  of  a  Perfon  known  to  have  a  con- 
fiderable  Influence  among  the  Indians^  or  at 
leaft  thofe  of  the  Mohock  Nation,  prevailed 
upon  to  fign  the  Releafe,  contrary  to  the  eftab- 
liihed  Cuftom  and  Ufage  of  the  Six  Nations, 
not  fo  much  with  a  View  of  conveying  the 
Lands,  as  to  give  the  Proprietaries  AfTurance 
that  they  would  not  fell  them  to  any  other. 
Yet  even  this  could  not  be  obtained  without 
fome  private  Prefents  to  particular  Indians  of 
known  Influence  and  Authority. 

In  the  Fall  of  this  Year  Conrad  IV eijer  was^',^'-"' 
fent  bv  the  Ciovcrnor  to  meet  at  Auzhivick  {ox  '^\^ x^\ 


C.  Wci- 

/      /      ■   1    I       ii-'r's   lour- 
-lughwick  (or„^ij^^,i. 

Aucquick)  the  Ueidivdres  and  Sha-waneje  who  vcrcJ  to 
lived  on  Ohio.  As  he  had  been  very  active  in  the  Cj- 
the  Bargain  lately  made  at  Albany,  it  was  ne-'^'-mO'. 
cefl'ary  he  fliould  now  ufe  his  Endeavours  to 
palliate  that  Tranfadiun,  in  fuch  a  Manner  as 
would  give  Icait  Umbrage  to  the  PolTeflbrs  of 
the  Lands,  which  were  thus  purchafed  without 
their  Privity  or  Confent.  The  Account  he 
thought  proper  to  give  in  Writing  of  this  Part 
of  his  Bufineis,  or  at  Icall  fo  much  as  was  laid 
before  the  Afl'cmbly,  is  very  fliort.  He  only 
fays,  that  at  this  Meeting  he  informed  the  In- 
dians, at  their  own  Requeft,  of  what  was  done 
in  the  Treaty  at  Albany,  and  of  the  Purchafe 
of  Land  that  was  made  there.  They  immedi- 
ately ihewed  their  Diflatisfaftion:  Soon  after 
this,  Shccalamy  declared,  that  the  Indians  did 
not  underftand  the  Points  of  the  Compafs,  but 
if  the  Linewa:  fo  run  as  to  include  tlieweftern 
Branch  o'l  Sufqiichannah  they  would  never  agree 

to 


(   8o  ) 

to  it.  But,  upon  letting  them  know  the  New- 
England  People's  Defign,  and  putting  «:hem  in 
Mind,  that  the  French  had  pofTefied  themfelves 
of  the  Ohio  Lands,  which  they  might  look  on 
as  loft  to  them,  he  fays,  "They  were  content, 
but  would  have  been  more  fo,  if  they  had  re- 
ceived a  Part  of  the  Confideration. 

And  that  their  Diflatisfadiion  continued,  was 
foon  after  very  manifeft  to  one  of  the  Pro- 
prietarv  Surveyors,  who,  being  fent  to  furvey 
Ibme  of  thefe  Lands,  was  met  with  by  fome  of 
the  Indians,  taken  Prifoner  to  an  Indian  Town, 
detained  till  the  next  Day,  and,  after  divers 
Confutations  held  there,  conduded  back  by 
a  Guard  towards  the  Englijh  Settlements,  and 
made  to  underftand,  that,  if  he  came  again 
unon  the  fame  Bufinefs,  he  ftiould  not  be  fuf- 
fered  to  depart  in  the  fame  Manner. 

It  was  very  unfortunate  for  the  EngUjh  In- 
tereft,  that,  at  the  fame  'I'ime  die  Affediions 
of  the  Indians  were  alienated  from  us  by  the 
Abufes  committed  in  Trade,  and  by  our  dif- 
pofleiring  them  of  their  Lands,  their  Opinion 
of  our  military  Abilities  was  very  much  leifen- 
ed.  But  a  few  Months  before  this  Treaty  at 
AiighiL-ick  Colonel  ll'ajhington  was  tjefeateil, 
whofe  Condud  and  Behaviour  gave  fo  much 
Offence  to  the  Indians  that  i'banacbrijhon,  a 
Seneca  Chiet,  commoidy  known  by  the  Title 
of  the  Ila/f  l\ing,  as  being  at  the  Head  of  the 
Weftern  Indians,  who  were  dependant  on  the 
Six  Nations,  could  not  help  complaining  of  it, 
tho'  in  a  very  modeft  Manner.  "The  Colonel, 
ler's  Jour- lie  f^i^j^  y^^^  ^  good  natured  Man,  but  had  no 
Kxperience;  he  took  upon  him  to  commanti 
the  Indians  as  his  Slaves,  and  would  have  them 
every  Day  upon  the  Scout,  and  to  attack  the 
Enemy  by  themfelves,  but  would  by  no  Means 

take 


C.  Wei- 


ll a 


(   8i    ) 

take  Advice  from  the  Indians.  He  lay  in  one 
Place  from  one  Full-Moon  to  the  other,  with- 
out making  any  Fortifications,  except  that  little 
Thing  on  the  Meadow;  whereas,  had  he  taken 
Advice,  and  built  fuch  Fortifications  as  he  (the 
Half  King)  advifed  him,  he  might  eafily  have 
beat  off  the  French.  But  the  French  in  the  En- 
gagement afted  like  Cowards  and  the  Engli/fi 
like  Fools." 

But,  to  pafs  over  this,  as  well  as  the  haugh- 
ty Manner  in  which  General  Braddock^  who  ar- 
rived the  Year  following,  behaved  to  the  Indians^ 
whereby  we  loft  the  Friendfhip  of  many  who 
had  hitherto  remained  fteady  in  our  Intereft; 
nor  to  mention  his  mournful  Defeat,  which 
foon  after  happened,  and  confirmed  the  Indians 
in  the  Opinion  they  had  conceived  of  our  Want 
of  Prudence  and  Skill  in  War;  we  fee  from  this 
Review,  and  Detail  of  Fadls^  that  the  Com- 
plaints of  the  Indians  are  l/y  no  Means  new, 
that  the  Grounds  of  their  Uneafinefs  have  been 
of  long  ftanding,  and  that  they  liave  complained 
of,  and  thought  liiemfelves  aggrieved  in,  the 
Death  of  IVeekivekj^  the  Delaware  Chief,  who 
was  hanged  in  the  Jerjeys\  in  the  Imprifonment 
of  the  ohaivanefe  Warriors  in  Carolina,  where 
the  principal  Man  died;  and  in  the  Abufes  re- 
ceived from  the  Indian  Traders,  and  the  Injuf- 
tice  done  them  in  refped  of  their  Lands;  all 
which,  except  that  of  the  Trade,  which  is  not 
mentioned,  exadly  correfpond  with  the  Account 
given  by  the  Deputies  of  the  Six  Nations  at 
the  late  Treaty  at  L.ancajier,  when  called  upon 
to  declare  if  they  knew  the  Caufe  of  the  Dela- 
wares  and  Shazvane/'e  making  War  upon  the 
Englijh. 

No  doubt,  the  critical  Conjuncture  of  Af- 
fairs,   the   Solicitations   and    Promifes  of   the 
L  French, 


(     S2    ) 

French,  together  with  the  Succeis  that  had 
hitherto  attended  their  Arms,  might  induce 
the  Indians  to  fall  upon  the  Englijh  at  this  par- 
ticular 'rime,  as  being  the  nioft  favourable 
Opportunity  of  taking  Revenge:  But  ftill  the 
Wrongs  and  Abufes  they  had  fuffered  were 
wliit  inrtamed  their  Refentment,  and,  as  the*- 
iav  rheniiclves,  made  the  Blow  fall  the  heavier. 
And,  if  we  examine,  we  fliail  find  that  the  feve- 
n:!  neighbouring  Nations,  as  they  have  imagined 
fitinfelvcs  more  or  lefs  aggrieved,  have  Hiewn 
tlicir  Refentment  by  aifting  more  or  Icfs  V''U)r- 
oufly  againft  us.  The  feveral  Fribes  oi  the 
Dcla-uares,  wl'o  were  deprived  of  their  Lands, 
and  driven  from  their  Homes  and  Settlements 
in  the  Forks,  and  fo  ignominiouily  treated  and 
expelled  the  Council,  and  above  all  the  Munfcys 
or  Minifink  Indians,  whofe  Fands  were  taken 
from  them  without  any  Shadow  of  Juftice,  now 
took  a  fevere  Revenge.  Fhe  Sbaivanejc,  who 
had,  with  others,  complained  in  vain  of  the 
I'raders,  who  faw  themfelves  deprived  firft  of 
their  Hunting-Ground  on  Juniata,  afterwards 
of  their  whole  Country  by  the  Purchafe  in 
1754,  were  not  much  behind  the  former  in 
their  cruel  Incurfions.  I'hc  Backwardnefs  of 
the  Scnccas  to  accommodate  the  Diftc '^'iKe  and 
heal  the  Breach  when  once  made,  or  rather  the 
Encouragement  and  Support  they  gave  the 
Indians  who  declared  themfelves  our  F.nemies, 
mav  eafilv  be  attributed  to  their  Refentment 
at  ieeing  the  Lands  weilward  of  the  Kittochtinny 
FLlls,  which  they  coniulered  as  more  particu- 
larly under  their  Care,  unjuftly  invaded,  their 
Complaints  and  Remonrtrances  little  regarded, 
and,  lailK-,  tht'  great  Furchafe  in  1754  made 
uirhout  their  Confent  ami  /Xjiprobation. 
But  ftill  it  remains  a  Oueftion,  whether  all 

the 


{ «.l ) 

the  De/azvares  would  have  declared  themfclves 
our  Enemies,  had  it  not  been  for  the  impru- 
dent Condud  of  one  Charles  Broadhcad^  of 
Northamptun  County.  '•reedyujciing  declares, 
that,  by  this  young  Man,  he  was  furprized 
into  the  War  before  he  had  Time  to  think; 
that,  after  the  firft:  Incurfion  made  on  the  En- 
glijh  by  the  weftern  Delaivares  and  other  Indians 
from  Ohio,  that  Man  came  to  IFyoming,  and 
(tho'  he  had  no  Authority)  as  if  commiilioned 
fo  to  do,  charged  him  and  his  People  with  be- 
ginning Hoftilities,  threatened  them  in  a  very 
high  Strain,  and  told  them  the  linglijh  were 
preparing  to  take  a  fevere  Revenge.  The 
Indians,  alarmed  at  this,  immediately  defired 
the  fame  Broadhcad  to  carry  a  MefTage  from 
them  to  the  Governor  of  PenJ)'/vania,  to  afTure 
him  of  their  iM-iendfliip,  and  to  bring  them  an 
Anfwer.  This  he  negleded  to  do,  fo  that  when 
the  Indians  h:id  waited  the  Time  appointed  for 
an  Anfwer,  ami  found  none  fent,  they  were 
perfuaded  tiiat  all  was  true  that  Broadhcad  had 
told,  and  thereupon  prepared  to  defend  them- 
fclves, and,  being  inftigatetl  thereto  by  the 
French,  chofe,  rather  to  attack  than  be  attack- 
ed. But  when  they  were  thus  fuddenly  drawn 
into  the  War,  the  Maltreatment  they  had  for- 
merly met  with  immediitely  recurred  to  their 
Me'^iory,  awakened  RvfeiUment  and  armed 
t'licm  with  double  Fury. 

Having  thus  traced  the  Grounds  of  the  In- 
dians Uneafinefs,  and  the  Caufes  of  the  W'-.r, 
it  remains  to  fliew  the  Meafures  taken  to  make 
up  the  Breach,  and  the  Method  which  the  In- 
dians propofe  for  fecuring  a  real  and  lading 
Peace. 

The  Indians  on  SuJ'quchannah,  about  the  Be- 
ginning of  the  prefent  Quarrel  between  England 

and 


I  I 


Eafton 
Treaty, 
1756. 
Fol.  21. 


General 
Johnibn's 
Treaty 
with  the 
Mohawks, 
&c.  Lond. 
Edit. 
Fol.  3. 


{    84    ) 

and  France,  confidering  their  Situation  and  di- 
vided State,  every  Tribe  being  a  diftindl  and 
independant  Government,  plainly  faw  that 
their  Force  could  not  be  great,  and  that  they 
might  one  by  one  be  eafily  crufhed,  they, 
therefore,  refolved  to  new-model  their  Govern- 
ment, and  out  of  the  feveral  Tribes  to  form 
one  Nation:  Accordingly  the  MunJ'eys,  and  two 
Tribes  of  the  Dclawarcs,  viz.  the  Lenopi  and 
IVanami,  joined  together  in  a  League,  and  chofe 
a  Chief,  Sachem  or  King,  into  whofe  Hands 
they  put  the  Management  of  their  Affairs. 
Thofe  who  had  been  Sachems  before,  now  wil- 
lingly, for  the  Sake  of  the  publick  Cjood,  re- 
figned  their  Dignity,  contenting  themfelves 
with  a  Place  in  the  Council,  'reedyufcioi^  was 
the  Perfon  chofen  King:  He  immediately  ap- 
pointed Captains,  and  regulated  the  Force  of 
the  Nation.  Soon  afterwards  a  Number  of 
ftraggling  Indians,  who  lived  up  and  down 
without  any  Chief,  joined  in  and  ftrengthened 
the  Alliance.  By  this  Means,  and  the  Jundion 
of  fome  of  the  Mohiccons,  or  River  Indians  and 
ShawancJ'e,  "-Teedyujcung  foon  faw  himfelf  at  the 
Head  of  a  very  confulerable  Body.  In  this 
Manner  he  refolved  to  wait  and  fee  what  Turn 
Affairs  would  take,  and,  when  it  was  deter- 
mined to  attack  the  Englijh,  he  took  his  Mea- 
fures  fo,  that,  at  the  fame  Time,  the  Frontiers 
of  Penjyhania,  Nt'zv-}'ork,  and  Neiv-'Jt'tfeySy 
were  ravaged  and  deftroyed. 

Upon  the  firft  Notice  of  the  Incurfions  of 
the  Indians,  the  Governor  of  New-Tork  fent 
an  Exprefs  to  General  John/on  with  the  News. 
Hereupon  General  Jobn/on,  who  wa>>  juil  re- 
turned from  Lake  Geon^i',  lent  to  the  Six  Na- 
tions to  meet  him  immediately,  anvl,  on  the 
7th  o{  December,  fome  of  tiie  Mohawks,  Senecas^ 

Oneidas 


(  H5  ) 
Oneidas  and  Tu/carorzas,  came  to  his  Houfe,  to 
whom  he  made  known  the  Hoftilities  commited 
by  the  Sbazcanefey  De/awares,  and  River  IndianSy 
viz.  the  Murifeys  or  Mohiccons\   "As  thefe  in- 
*' diafis,   fays  he,  are  looked  upon   by   us    as 
*'  Allies  and  Dependants  of  you  the  Six  Na- 
"  tions,  and  living  within  the  Limits  of  your 
'*  Country,    I   muft  defire  you   will,   without 
"  Lofs  of  Time,  reprimand  them  for  what  they 
"  have  already  done,  prevent  their  doing  any 
"more   Mifchief,  and  infift  on  their  turning 
"their  Arms  with  us  againft  the  French  and 
"  their  hidiaiis,  both  your  and  our  common 
"  Knemies,  and  that  without  Lofs  of  Time." 
Immediately  after  this  the  Six  Nations  dif- 
patchcd  fome  McfTengers  to  the  De/awares,  to 
know  the  Caufe  why  they  made  War  on  the 
Englijh,  and  to  command  them  to  deftft.     A- 
bout  the  fame  Time,  namely  in  December  iJSS^ 
Scarroyady,  an  Indian  Chief,  and  another  Indian, 
were  fent  from  Philadelphia  to  the  Six  Nation 
Council,  to  lay  before  them  the  hoftile  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Shaivancfe  and  Delaivares.  Thefe, 
in  order  to  find  out  the  Difpofitions  of  the  ^'"^'"'■'?>'^" 
Enemy,  directed  their  Courfe  up  the  Sujque-  ^^^^^^^  ^^ 
bannah.     All  the  Way  to  IVyomen  they  found  his  Jour- 
the  Indians  againft  us,  and  faw  fome  Parties  ncy,    read 
noinfi  to  War,  whom  thev  endeavoured,  but'."  th^"  Ai- 

•  •        .      A  z\  ..  /    J-        '1-  I        ^  Icmbly 

in  vam,  to  Itop.  At  an  Indian  1  own,  ^bout^  •j-'  j^ 
30  Miles  above  ll'yomen,  they  met  "-teedyujcung,  ,756. 
who  told  them,  he  had  fent  to  the  Senecas  and 
Oneidas  for  Alliftance  againft  the  Englijh,  but 
had  not  received  an  Anfwer;  that  he  was  going 
to  fend  again  to  the  Six  Nations,  to  which 
Meflage  if  he  did  not  receive  an  Anfwer,  he 
faid,  he  ftiould  know  what  to  do.  From  hence 
the  Deputies  proceeded  to  Diahogo,  where  they 
met  the  Meffengers  difpatched  to  the  Dela- 
ware s 


(   H6  ) 

tvarcs  by  the  Onci^fas,  Ciiyit^as  and  Mobaivks^ 
at  the  Inftaiice  of"  (leiicral  Jobufon,  Here  the 
Mefll'iigers  of  the  Six  Nations  delivered  what 
they  had  to  lay  to  the  Delaware  Council,  who, 
in  their  Anfwer,  exprefl'ed  their  Suhniiilion  to 
the  Six  Nations,  and  faid  they  woidd  feiul 
fome  of  their  Chiefs  with  them  to  the  Six 
Nation  Council,  which  they  accordingly  did. 
When  they  arrived  there,  the  Council  fliarpiy 
reprehendeii  the  Delaware;,  and  ordered  them 
to  defift.  The  Delaivares  endeavoured  to  juftify 
their  Conduc'l  by  the  ill  Ufage  they  hail  met 
with  from  the  Ef{^lijlr.  However  they  promifed 
to  inform  their  Nation  and  V/arriors  of  what 
the  Six  Nations  faid,  and  wouid  return  an  An- 
fwer fpeedily. 

From  J)iaf.\^o,  Scarroyady  and  his  Companion 
proceeded  to  Fort  John/on,  where,  in  February 
1756,  was  a  Meeting  of  about  580  of  the  Six 
Nations  and  their  Allies.     At  this   Meeting 
Col.  Johufon  again  prefled  the  Six  Nations  to 
put  a  Stop  to  the  Jncurfions  and  Ravages  of 
the  Delaivares  which  ftill  continued.     At  firfl: 
they  feemed  to  wave  the  Matter:   But,  upon 
its  being  again  more  warmly  recommendeil  to 
them,  they  at  laft  agreed  that  fome  Delegates 
from  the  Six  Nations  fliould  ufe  their  utmoft 
Endeavours  to  accommodate  the  Matter  be- 
tween the  Englijh  and  Delawares,  and  for  that 
Purpofe  fent  a  Meflage  to  the  Delawares  to 
come  and  meet  them  at   Otjaningo,  an  ludian 
Town  on  Siijqiiehannab.    The  Delaivares  came, 
Lancaftcr  '^"^  ^  Meeting  was  held,  at  which  "the  Depu- 
Treaty,      ''  ties  of  the  Six  Nations  charged  the  Delaivares 
1757-        "to  get  fober;  as  they  looked  upon  their  Ac- 

^hi^tfnt  "  ^'""^  '^^  ^'^^  A.-^tions  of  drunken  Men."  The 
\^]  '  "  Dela-ivares  returned  for  Anfwer,  That  they 
Fol.  12.     "looked  upon  themfelves  as  Men  and  W'uld 

"  iicknow'       e 


n 


i  6 
I  i 


(  H?  ) 
"acknowledge  no  Superiority  thiit  any  other 
"  Nation  had  over  them.  Wc  are  Men,  and 
"are  determined  not  to  he  ruled  any  longer 
"  by  you  as  Women;  and  we  are  determined 
"  to  cut  off  all  the  h'.tr^lijh^  except  thofe  that 
"make  their  Kfcape  from  us  in  Ships;  fo  fay 
"no  more  to  us  on  that  Head,  left  we  make 
"  Women  of  you  as  you  have  done  of  us.  In 
"  the  mean  Time,  tho'  they  did  not  any  longer 
"acknowledge  the  Six  Nations  in  general  as 
"their  Uncles,  they  faid,  they  would  liften  to 
"what  the  Seuccas  laid."  It  is  to  he  obferved, 
that  .he  Seuecas,  tho'  preffed  by  Sir  William 
JoLmJ'oti,  and  the  other  five  Nations,  would  not 
undertake  to  accommodate  this  Difference,  but 
rather  countenanced  and  encouraged  the  Dclu- 
ivnres.  The  mofl  probable  Reafons  f)r  their 
fo  doing  have  been  before  affigned.  The  refo- 
lute  Anlvver  of  the  Dclaivares,  and  the  known 
Encouragement  they  received  from  the  Seuecas, 
convinced  the  Six  Nation  Deputies  that  no- 
thing was  to  be  done  by  Threats;  therefore, 
changing  their  Stile,  they,  by  fmoother  Mea- 
fures,  prevailed  with  the  Dclaivarcs  to  agree  to 
a  Ceffation  of  Arms,  and  to  meet  them  and 
Col.  Johnjon  to  treat  farther  about  a  Peace. 

At  the  Time  the  Six  Nation  Meflengers  fet 
out  to  invite  the  Delaware's  to  a  Council  at 
Otfanin^o,  Scarroyady  fet  out  on  his  Return  to 
Philadelphia,  where,  having  arrived  in  April 
1756,  he  gave  the  Governor  an  Account  of  his 
Embaffy.  A  few  Days  after  this,  the  Governor, 
without  waiting  the  Refult  of  the  Council  at 
Otjanin^o,  finding  that  the  Delawares  flill  con- 
tinued their  Ravages,  declared  War  againfl 
them,  offering  a  Reward  for  Scalps  and  Pri- 
fbners. 

Some  Days  before  the  War  was  declared, 

i'ome 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


A 


^ 


r/. 


i 


1.0 


I.I 


lti|Z8     12.5 


^ 

i*^!!^ 


1.8 


11.25  i  1.4 


m 


v5 


^ 


7 


/A 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  KS«0 

(716)872-4503 


;  '1 


■*;'■ 


(      »«       ) 

fome  of  the  People  called  fakers  in  Philadel- 
phia addrefled  the  Governor,  requefting  him  to 
fufpend  the  Declaration  of  War  till  fome  far- 
ther pacific  Meafures  were  tried,  and  offering, 
both  with  their  Eftates  and  Perfons,  to  con- 
tribute their  AfTif^ance  therein;  but  War  was 
declared:  Some  of  this  People,  neverthelefs, 
with  the  Governor's  Leave,  had  feveral  Meet- 
ings with  Scarroyady  and  other  Indian  Chiefs 
then  in  Philadelphia^  Conrad  IVeiJer  and  Andrew 
Montour  the  Provincial  Interpreters,  and  Daniel 
Claus^  General  Johnjons,  Deputy-Secretary, 
being  prefent.  In  the  Courfe  of  the  Conver- 
fation  fome  Things  pafTed  which  gave  Room 
to  hope,  that  the  Difference  between  the  De la- 
wares  and  EngliJIi  might  be  accommodated  in 
an  amicable  Manner.  And  Scarroyady  being 
requefled  to  give  his  Advice  how  to  effed  fo 
defirable  a  V/ork,  propofed  to  fend  three  In- 
dians^ two  of  whom,  viz.  Captain  Newcajlle  and 
Jagrea  were  of  the  Council  of  the  Six  Nations, 
and  one,  viz.  William  LoquiSy  a  Delaware^  to 
IVyomen,  to  let  the  Delawares  know,  "  There 
"  were  a  People  rifen  in  Philadelphia^  who  de- 
'*  fired  to  have  Peace  reflored,  and  that  they 
"  mufl  ceafe  from  doing  Mifchief,  and  not  be 
"  afraid,  but  be  willing,  to  come  and  treat  with 
"  the  Englijh."  Of  this  the  Governor  was  in- 
formed, and,  during  the  Conferences,  having 
received  Advice  from  the  Governor  of  New- 
Tork  of  what  had  paffed  at  OtfaningOy  of  the 
propofed  Meeting  between  Sir  IVilliam  John/on 
and  the  Delawares,  he  agreed  to  the  difpatching 
the  three  Indian  Mefl'engcrs;  and,  when  they 
were  ready  to  fet  out,  he  delivered  them  a 
Meffage  to  the  Delawares  and  Shawaneje  In- 
dians living  on  Sujqnehannah-y  the  Purport  of 
which  was,  that  he  had,  by  Means  of  the  Gov- 
ernor 


I 


( 89 ) 

crnor  of  New-7'ork^  received  an  Account  from 
Sir  William  Johnjon  of  the  Meeting  at  Otjaningo^ 
and  of  the  Ceflation  of  Arms  there  agreed; 
tiiat  if  the  Dela'wares'^owX^  deliver  up  the  En- 
glijh  Prifoners  to  the  Six  Nations,  and  hearken 
to  their  Advice,  in  laying  down  the  Hatchet, 
and  abide  by  fuch  Terms  as  fliould  be  agreed 
on,  tho'  much  Blood  was  fpilt,  and  the  Englifli^ 
in  Refentment  of  this,  were  well  prepared  to 
avenge  themfelves,  yet  they  had  fo  great  Re- 
gard to  the  Six  Nations,  that  it  will  be  in  their 
Power  to  perfuade  the  Englijh  not  to  profecute 
the  War,  but  to  accept  fair,  juft  and  honour- 
able Terms;  that  he  himfelf  was  for  Peace,  and 
that  a  great  Number  of  People,  the  Defcend- 
ants  of  thofe  who  came  over  with  the  firft 
Proprietor,  were  defirous  to  interpofe  with  the 
Government,  to  receive  the  Submiflion  of  the 
DelawareSy  and  to  overlook  what  was  Part,  and 
re-eftablifh  Peace,  and  had  frequently  applied 
to  him  for  that  Purpofe.  The  Delaware  Mef- 
fenger  was  alfo  to  inform  his  Countrymen  of 
the  kind  Treatment  thofe  of  their  Tribe,  who 
lived  among  us,  had  received. 

The  Meflengers  went,  delivered  their  Mef- 
fage,  and  on  the  31ft  of  Alay  brought  back  an 
Anfwer  from  'Teedyujcung^  that  he  was  willing 
to  renew  the  Treaties  of  Friendfhip  which 
IVilliam  Venn  had  made  with  his  Forefathers; 
that  he  and  his  People  had  agreed  to  what  the 
Delegates  of  the  Six  Nations  had  required  of 
them  at  ()tJaningo\  that  they  begged  what  was 
part  might  be  forgotten;  that  they  had  laid 
down  the  Hatchet,  and  would  never  make  Ufe 
of  it  any  more  againft  the  Englijh. 

After  the  Delivery  of  this  Meflage,  the  Go- 
vernor delayed  returning  an  Anfwer  for  feveral 
Days,  at  which  the  Meflengers  were  very  un- 
M  eafv, 


Minutes 
of  Coun- 
cil deli- 
vered to 
the  Affcm' 
liy. 


\m 


( 90) 

eafy,  and  informed  Conrad  fVeiJer,  that  they 
were  apprehenfive  their  long  Stay  would  make 
the  Diahogo  Indians  {viz.  thofe  to  and  from 
whom  they  had  carried  the  foregoing  Meflages) 
believe,  that  they  were  either  cut  off  by  the 
Englijh^  or  that  this  Government  did  not  mean 
to  conclude  a  Treaty  with  them.  Whereupon 
the  Governor,  on  the  8th  of  June^  difpatched 
them  back  to  Diahogo -w'wkv  a  Meflage  to  inform 
the  Indians^  that  he  thanked  them  for  the  kind 
Reception  they  had  given  his  Mefilngers;  that 
he  was  glad  to  find  they  had  hearkened  to  his 
Meflage;  that,  as  they,  on  their  Parts,  had 
confirmed  the  Treaties  and  Leagues  of  Amity 
fubfifting  between  them  and  this  Government, 
fo  he,  on  his  Part,  ratified  all  former  Treaties 
and  Engagements;  and  that  they  might  have 
an  Opportunity  of  making  thefe  mutual  De- 
clarations at  a  publick  Convention,  he  defired 
they  would  meet  him  at  Conrad  IVeiJer  s^  afiur- 
ing  them  that  they  fiiould  come  and  go  unmo- 
lefted,  ^c.  but  that  he  defired  that  nothing 
propofed  by  him  fliould  interfere  with  any  In- 
vitation they  might  have  received  from  Sir 
William  Johnjon^  or  the  Six  Nations;  that,  as 
a  Council  was  to  be  held  in  the  Country  of 
the  Six  Nations,  and  the  Indians  at  Diahogo 
were  invited  to  it,  he  defired  they  would  give 
their  Attendance  there,  but  that  they  might 
go  to  either  Place  as  they  inclined. 

After  this  a  Ceflation  of  Hoftilities  againft 
the  Northern  Indians  for  30  Days  was  pro- 
claimed at  Philadelphia^  but  it  happened  very 
unfortunately,  that,  at  the  fame  Time  a  Cefla- 
tion of  Arms  was  proclaimed  in  PenJ'yhania, 
War  was  declared  againft  the  fime  Indians  in 
Nciv-Jcrjh\  and  a  Company  of  Men  fent 
againft   IVyomen^  one  of  their    Towns.     The 

News 


as 


(  91  ) 
News  of  this  was  brought  to  Bethlehem  iuft  as 
the  Meflengers  were  fetting  out  from  thence; 
they,  therefore,  waited  at  Bethlehem  till  they 
heard  that  the  Party  of  Men  from  the  Jerjeys 
having  been  at  ff^yomen,  and  burned  the  Town, 
which  had  been  before  deferted,  were  returned, 
and  then  they  fet  forward  and  met  1'eedyufcung 
rit  Diahogo. 

He  was  then  holding  a  Treaty  with  the  De-Eafton 
putiesof  the  Six  Nations,  who  had  now  agreed  Treaty, 
to  acknowledge  the  Independency  of  the  Dela-    ^^' 
wareSj  and  the  Authority  of  Teedyufcung  over  phUadel- 
four  Nations,  viz.  the  L^wo/)/ and  IVanami  (twophiaprint- 
Delaware  Nations)  the  Munjeys  and  the  Mohic-^^^  p-  'o. 
cons^  but  requefted  him  and  his  People  not  to  ad  '4- 
of  themfelves,  but  advife  with  the  Six  Nations; 
that  by  uniting  their  Councils  and  Strength  they 
might  the  better  promote  the  general  Intereft  of 
the  Indians.    They  told  Teedyufcung  the  Englijfi 
and  French  were  fighting  for  their  Lands,  and 
defired  him  to  unite  with  them  to  defend  them. 
At  the  fame  Time  they  gave  him  a  large  Belt 
with  feveral  Figures  wrought  in  it.     "In  the 
'*  middle  was  a  Square,  meaning  the  Lands  of 
*'  the  Indians^  and  at  the  one  End  the  Figure  of 
"  a  Man  indicating  the  Engli/Ji^  and  at  the  other 
"  End  another  meaning  the  French:  both  thefe, 
"  faid  they,  covet  our  Lands,  but  let  us  join  to- 
"  gether  to  defend  our  Lands  againft  both,  and 
"  you  fhall  be  Partakers  with  us  of  our  Lands." 
The  Propofal  was  too  advantagious  not  to  be 
accepted.     Teedyujcung   therefore    immediately 
agreed  to  it,  and,  in  Conjundlion  with  the  Six 
Nations,  concerted  a  Plan  for  bringing  about  a 
Peace  with  the  Engli/li,  and  for  fecuring  their 
Lands.     As  it  had  been  before  agreed  upon  at 
Otjaningo  to  meet  Sir  William  John/on^  Teedyuf- 
cung difpatched  NutimuSy  who  had  formerly  been 

a 


■"■       !!, 


I    I 


'  ! 

;       ■        t 

1-        'i; 


.:(;  it 


HI 


Mi 

( 92 ) 

a  Kingof  one  of  the  Delaware  Tribes,  with  fome 
of  his  People,  to  meet  Sir  IVilllam^  and  gave 
them  Orders  how  to  aft,  while  he  himfelf  pre- 
pared to  meet  the  Governor  of  Penjylvania. 
This  he  afTumed  to  himfelf  as  being  the  moft 
dangerous  and  hazardous  Entcrprize,  as  he  was 
obliged  to  go  into  the  inhabited  Part  of  the 
Country,  and  amonga  People  who  could  not  but 
be  much  incenfed  againfc  him  for  the  Ravages 
that  had  been  committed  by  his  People.  Nor 
was  this  only  the  moft  hazardous;  it  likewife 
required  the  greateft  Addrefs,  as  with  that  Go- 
vernment the  Affairs  of  the  greateft  Importance 
were  to  be  tranfafted.  The  Six  Nations  im- 
powered  him  to  aft  for  them  as  a  Plenipoten- 
tiary, promifing  to  ratify  whatever  he  ftiould  do. 
On  the  fecond  of  J  uly  the  Delaware  KmbafTy, 
who  were  joined  by  Packjhioja  the  old  Shawaneje 
King,  met  Sir  William  Johnjon  at  Onondago,  and 
from  thence  proceeded  to  Fort  John/on,  where, 
on  the  loth  of  the  fame  Month,  a  Treaty  was 
held.  At  this  Sir  IVilliam  Johnjon  painted  the 
Murders  and  Devaftations  they  had  committed 
in  ftrong  Colours,  reproached  them  for  their 
Sir  Will.  Conduft,  and,  after  imputing  it  to  the  Artifices 
Johnfon's  of  the /'V^'w/',  told  them,  "that  by  Virtue  of  a 
"^u^l^      '*  Power  received  from  his  Maiefty,  if  they  were 

with  the      ,^   -  I         IT       r    1  ■  1  •        iv/r    •     n     > 

Shawanefe  hncerely  dilpoied  to  continue  his  Majelty  s 
and  Dc!a- *' dutiful  Children,  and  to  maintain  their  Fi- 
warc  Indi-  <»  dclity  towards  him,  and  unbroken  Peace  and 
'750'  «<  Friendftiip  towards  all  his  Subjefts,  and  their 
"  Brethren  the  Englijh  in  thefe  Parts,  and  would 
"  exert  their  unfeigned  Zeal  and  beft  Endeav- 
"  ours  to  reclaim  thofe  of  their  People  who  had 
"  been  deluded  by  the  French^  upon  thefe  Con- 
"  ditions  he  was  ready  to'  renew  the  Covenant 
"  Chain  of  Peace  and  Eriendfhip."  To  this 
the  Delaware  Chief  calmly  replied,  that  "he 

"had 


ans 


,!;,■. 


ife 


(  93  ) 

"  had  carefully  attended  to  what  was  faid,  that 
"  it  was  pleafing  to  him,  but  he  could  not  take 
"  upon  him  to  give  a  determinate  Anfwer,  that 
"  he  would  puditually  deliver  the  Speech  to  all 
"  his  Nation  on  his  Return  home,  and  that 
"  their  fixed  Refolutions  and  pofitive  Anfwer 
"  fhould  be  returned  as  foon  as  poffible." 

Upon  receiving  this  Anfwer,  Sir  William 
fummoned  a  Council  of  the  Indians  of  the  Six 
Nations  who  attended  the  Treaty,  and  informed 
them  of  the  Reply  he  intended  to  make,  and 
faid  he  expeded  they  would  fecond  him  therein. 
They  told  him,  they  would  fpeak  to  the  Dela- 
wareSy  and  prepare  them  for  what  he  intended 
to  fay,  and  at  the  fame  Time  prefs  them  to  de- 
clare their  real  intentions. 

The  next  Day  Sir  fVillia?n,  addrefling  the 
Delaware  Chief,  let  him  know,  "that  what  he 
had  anfwercd  yefterday  was  fomewhat  furpriz- 
ing,  as  his  Nation  had  been  the  Aggreflbrs, 
and  the  EngliJJi  the  injured  Party;  that  the  pre- 
fent  State  of  Affairs  between  the  Englijh  and 
his  People  required  a  fpeedy  and  determinate 
IfTue;  that  he  had  received  Accounts  that  Hof- 
tilities  were  ftill  continued  by  fome  of  the  De- 
laivareSy  and  that  therefore  it  was  requifite  that 
he  fhould,  without  Delay,  explain  himfelf  in 
behalf  of  his  Nation,  in  fuch  an  explicit  and 
fatisfadory  Manner,  that  his  Majefty's  injured 
Provinces  might  know  what  Part  was  proper 
for  them  to  ad:,  and  that  he  might  depend  upon 
it,  they  would  not  continue  tamely  to  bear  the 
bloody  Injuries  which  they  had  for  fome  Time 
paft  fuffered." 

Upon  this,  the  Delaware  Chief  made  Anfwer, 
that  his  People  had  already  ceafed  from  Hof- 
tilities,  that  they  would  follow  the  Example  of 
the  Six  Nations,  that  they  would  take  hold  oi 

the 


.    t 


J I 


!        I  If 

'r  li  i 

-lit! 


•  |i; 


ill  . 


Sir  Wil- 
liam's 
Treaty 
with  the 
Shawc- 
ncfc,  &c. 
Ap.  1759 
io.  (J. 


Minutes 
of  Counci! 
delivered 
to  the  Af- 
fcmbly. 


(  94) 
the  Covenant  Chain  that  bound  together  the 
Englijh  and  Six  Nations,  that  they  renounced 
the  Friendfliip  of  the  French^  and  as  Sir  JVil- 
liam  JobiJoH  had  iifed  the  Mobiccons  well,  he 
proniifed  to  deliver  up  what  Englijh  Prifoners 
were  among  his  People.'  After  this,  Sir  IVil- 
liam  having  exprefled  his  Satisfaction  at  what 
was  faid,  offered  them  the  Hatchet  againft  the 
French^  which  they  accepted,  and  immediately 
fung  the  War  Song  and  danced;  and  upon 
their  Return,  as  \\it  Shawanefe  King  afterwards 
told  Sir  IVilliam  Johnjon^  they  informed  "Teedy- 
ujcung  of  what  was  done. 

While  thefe  things  were  doing,  Teedyufcung 
having  taken  the  '''  mod  proper  Meafures  to 
fecure  himfelf  from  Danger,  and  to  he  revenged, 
if  any  Injury  was  offered  him,  fet  out  with  the 
Meflengers,  to  meet  with  the  Governor  of  y^fw- 

J'yhania.  On  the  i8th  of  Jidy^  he  arrived  at 
Bethlehem^  where  he  flopped,  and  fent  fome  of 
his  People  with  Captain  Newcaftle  to  Philadel- 
phia^ to  inform  the  Governor  of  his  Arrival, 
and  to  let  him  know,  he  fhould  be  glad  to  meet 
him  in  the  Forks^  and  that  he  came  empowered 
to  fpeak  not  only  in  Behalf  of  his  own  People, 
but  alfo  of  the  Six  United  Nations. 

Captain  Newcaftle  having  arrived  with  this 

I  MefTage,  preffed  the  Governor  to  lofe  no  Time. 
"  I  have,  faid  he,  been  entrufled  by  you,  with 

■  "  Matters  of  the  highefl  Concern;  I  now  de- 
"clare  to  you,  that  1  have  ufed  all  the  Abilities 
"  I  am  Mafler  of,  in  the  Management  of  them, 
"  and  that  with  the  greatefl  Chearfulnefs.  I 
"  tell  you  in  general,  Matters  look  well.    I  fhall 

*  He  left  Parties  of  his  Warriors  between  the  Settle- 
ments of  Pcnjihtinia  and  IFyomcn,  encamped  at  llich  Dif- 
tance  from  each  other,  that  in  Cale  of  his  receiving  a.iy 
Injury,  they  might  foon  know  and  revenge  it. 

"  not 


(  95  ) 
"  not  go  into  Particulars.  Teedyufcung  will  do 
"  this  at  a  public  Meeting,  which  he  expedls 
"will  be  foon.  The  Times  are  dangerous,  the 
'*  Sword  is  drawn  and  glittering,  all  around  you, 
*'  Numbers  oi Indians  on  your  Borders;  I  be- 
*'  fcech  you,  therefore,  not  to  give  any  Delay, 
**  to  this  important  AfFair.  Say  where  the 
"  Council  Fire  is  to  be  kindled.  Come  to  a 
'*  Conclufion  immediately;  let  us  not  wait  a 
*'  Moment,  left  what  has  been  done,  fhould 
"  prove  inefFedtual."  The  folemn  manner  in 
which  this  was  delivered,  afFedted  the  Governor, 
not  lefs  than  the  Speech  itfelf.  Accordingly,  by 
Capt.  Newcajiles  Advice,  Eajlonwas  fixed  upon 
for  the  place  of  Meeting,  where  the  Governor, 
and  four  of  his  Council,  three  Commiftioners 
from  the  Aflembly,  and  about  forty  Citizens 
of  the  City  oi Phihidelpbia^  chiefly  of  the  People 
called  Quakers,  met  the  Indians,  on  the  28th 
of  July. 

At  the  firft   Meeting,  the  Governc    j^ave  Eailon 
Tdt'dyu/cung,  and  his  People,  a  hearty  Welcrme,  Treaty  in 
and  Teedyufcimg  informed  him,  that  he  cameJ"'>'  ''"'^ 
authorized  to  fpeak  in  Behalf  of  Ten  Nations,    "^^' 
as  an  Embaflador  from  the  Six  Nations,  and 
as  a  Chief  or  Head  of  the  other  Four;  that  he 
was  now  only  to  hear  what  the  Governor  had 
to  fay,  and  make  a  Report  of  it  to  the  Ten 
united  Nations. 

Hereupon,  the  Governor,  the  Day  follow- 
ing, informed  the  Indians  of  the  Steps  he  had 
taken,  after  the  Delaivares  had  begun  to  commit 
Hoftilities,  of  the  Preparations  he  had  made 
to  carry  the  War  into  their  Country,  from 
which  he  was  diverted  by  the  Six  Nations,  who 
informed  him,  that  at  their  interpofition,  the 
Delaivares  had  laid  down  the  Hatchet;  after 
this,  he  informed  them  of  the  feveral  MefTages 

he 


:•   * 
i    i, , » 

1  Si) 


I' 


1  J 


M 


wm 


1    .1  i'  i 


mmi' 


;        I 


(     96     ) 

he  had  fcnt  by  Captain  Newcajlle^  and  the  other 
Indian  Meflcngers,  and  of  the  Anfwers  he  had 
received,  and  afliired  them,  that  C  aptain  Nfw- 
cajlle  adcd  by  his  Authority.  He  let  them 
know,  that  he,  and  the  People,  were  well  dif- 
pofed  to  renew  the  antient  Friendfliip,  that 
iubfifted  between  IFilliam  Penn  and  the  Jndians, 
and  defired  this  might  be  told  to  the  Six  Na- 
tions, and  all  the  Indians  far  and  near,  whom 
he  invited  to  come  and  meet  him  at  the  Coun- 
cil Fire,  but  infifted,  that  as  an  Evidence  of 
their  Sincerity,  and  the  only  Terms  on  which 
they  might  exped  a  true  and  lafting  Peace, 
they  fhould  bring  down  the  Prifoners. 

When  the  Governor  had  ended  his  Speech, 
Tcedyufcun^  took  out  the  Belt  he  had  received 
from  the  Six  Nations,  explained  it  to  the  Go- 
vernor, and  told  him,  that  Belt  held  together 
Ten  Nations,  who  were  under  the  Diredion  of 
two  Chiefs  only,  that  thefe  had  their  Attention 
fixed  to  fee,  who  were  really  difpofed  for  Peace; 
that  whoever  was  willing  to  guarantee  thefe 
Lands  to  the  Indians^  him  they  would  join; 
but  whoever  would  not  comply  with  thefe 
Terms  of  Peace,  the  Ten  Nations  would  join 
againfl  him  and  ftrike  him.  "Whoever,  fays 
*'he,  will  make  Peace,  let  him  lay  hold  of  this 
"  Belt,  and  the  Nations  around,  lliall  fee  and 
"know  it. — I  wiHi  the  fame  good  Spirit,  that 
"  poflefled  the  good  old  IVilliam  Penn,  may  in- 
*'  fpire  the  People  of  this  Province,  at  this 
"  Time."  I'he  Governor  accepted  the  Belt, 
and  declared,  he  was  moft  heartily  difpofed  to 
effedl  the  Meaning  of  it;  and  in  return  gave 
'■Teedyufciing  another,  and  defired  him  to  fliew  it 
every  where,  and  to  make  known  the  good  Dif- 
pofitions  of  the  People  of  this  Government, 
and  the  Treatment  he  had  met  with,  to  his 

own 


' 


of 


•fe 


(97  ) 
own  People,  the  Six  Nations,  and  all  his  Al- 
lies. And  having  before  requefted  Teedyujcung 
to  be  an  Agent  for  the  Province  among  the 
Indians^  he  took  out  two  Belts  joined  together, 
and  addrerting  Newcaflle  and  Teedyujcungy  de- 
clared them  Agents  for  the  Province,  and  gave 
them  Authority  to  do  the  public  Buftnefs  to- 
gether. He  recommended  to  them  mutual 
Confidence,  Efteem  and  Intimacy,  and  wiflied 
them  Succefs  in  their  Negotiations.  They  un- 
dertook the  Charge,  promifed  to  be  mutual 
good  Friends,  and  do  every  Thing  in  their 
Power  to  promote  the  weighty  Matters  en- 
trufted  to  them. 

After  the  Treaty  Teedyujcung  returned  to  his 
Country,  and  Captain  Newcajlle  to  Philadel- 
pbiay  from  whence  he  was  foon  after  difpatched 
by  the  Governor,  by  the  Way  of  Albany^  to  the 
Six  Nations.  And,  not  long  after,  returning 
from  thence,  he  was  feized  with  the  Small-Pox, 
and  died  at  Philadelphia  much  lamented.  In 
the  mean  Time  Teedyufcung  fent  Meflengers  to 
the  feveral  Tribes  o(  Indians  under  his  Jurifdic- 
tion,  and  to  the  Six  Nations,  to  inform  them 
of  the  Reception  he  had  met  with,  and  to  in- 
vite them  to  another  Meeting.  Juft  as  he 
was  ready  to  fet  out  he  received  a  MefTage  from 
Fort  Jobnjony  advifing  him  againft  going  to 
Penjylvania.  But  as  '■Teedyujcung  paid  no  Regard 
to  the  firft  MefTage,  another  was  fent,  defiring 
the  Indians  not  to  go  to  Penjylvania^  for  that 
Letters  were  come  from  Philadelphia^  informing 
that  a  Plot  was  laid  to  cut  them  off  as  foon  as 
any  conf  derable  Number  could  be  got  together. 
This  overtook  "Teedyujcung  on  his  March,  and 
being  delivered  in  publick,  had  fuch  an  EfFed: 
upon  many  that  were  with  him,  that  they  im- 
mediately turned  back.  Teedyujcung  neither 
N  altogether 


' 


1 } 


'I 


\v^ 


(   9«   ) 

altogether  gave  Credit  to  the  MefTagc,  nor  yet 
quite  dilbelieved  it,  fo  that  while  he  determined 
to  proceed,  he  refolved  to  take  what  Steps  were 
neceflary  to  guard  againft  the  worft.    Therefore 
fending  back  the  greatcft  Part  of  the  Women 
and  Children,  he  came  down  with  his  own  and 
a  few  other  Families,  having  left  fome  of  his 
ahlcft  Captains  and  hraveft  Warriors  at  proper 
Places  on  the  Frontiers,  to  wait  for  Accounts 
how  he  was  received,  and  to  a(5l  accordingly. 
Some  'IMme   before   '•Teedyujcitn^   came    down, 
Lord  Loudon  had  wrote  to  the  Governor,  and 
forbade  him,  or  his  (lovernment,  to  confer  or 
treat  with  the  Indians  in  any  Shape,  or  on  any 
Account,  whatever;  and  direfted  that  whatever 
Bufinefs  in  that  Branch  i)'t  his   Majefty's  Ser- 
vice fhould  arife  in  his  Government,  or  Pro- 
vince, fliould  be  referred  to  Sir  IVilliam  John- 
Jon,   whom    his    Majefty    had    appointed    fole 
Agent  for  thefe  Affairs  under  his  Lordfhip's 
Diredion.     When,    therefore,    the    Governor 
received  the  News  of  'T't'cdyufcung's  Arrival,  he 
was  greatly  at  a  Lofs  what  to  do,  and  applied 
for  Advice  to  the  AfTembly,  who  were  then 
fitting.    The  Aflembly  gave  it  as  their  Opinion, 
that  the  Treaty  begun  by  the  late  Governor, 
before  Sir  IFilliam  JohnJ'on\  Powers  were  made 
known,  in  purfuance  of  which  the  Indians  were 
come  down,  fliould  not  be  wholly  difcontinued, 
left  the  Indians  fhould   be  difgufted,  and  the 
Opportunity  of  bringing  them   to   a  general 
Peace  with  all  the  Ihitijh  Colonies  loft.     "We 
"rather  think  it  advifeable  that  your  Honour 
"would  give  them  an   Interview,  make  them 
"  the   cuftomary    Prefents    in    behalf  of  this 
"  Government,  to  relieve  their  Necefl'ities,  and 
"aft\ire    them   of  our   flncere    Inclinations  to 
"take   them    again    into    Friendftiip,    forgive 

"their 


(   99  ) 
their  Offences,  aiui  make  a  firm   Peace  with 


(( 


th 


em: 


but  at  the  fame  Time  to  let  th 


em 


"know,  that  the  Government  of  this  Province 

"cannot  agree  to  make  a  Peace  with  them  for 

'*  itfelf,  and  leave  them  at  Liberty  to  continue 

**  the  War  with  our  Brethren  of  the  neighbour- 

"  ing  Colonies;   that  our   King  has  appointed 

"  Sir  IVilliam  John/on  to  manage  thefe  general 

"  Treaties   for   all    the  Governments   n\   this 

*'  Part  of  ylwericuy  and  to  him  we  nuifl  there- 

*'  fore  refer  the  Indians  for  a  final  Condufion 

"and  Ratification  of  this  Treaty.     An  Inter- 

"  view  of  this  Kind  with  the  Imiians^  we  appre-  '^'otc?,  of' 

"  hend,  may  at  this  Time  be  greatly  for  hisj'j'^''^"'-''' 

"  Majerty's  Service,  and  not  inconfiftent  with  ^:.(^^  p_ 

"  the  Intention  of  Lord  Loudon  s  Letter."         24 

TeedyuJ'cung  having,  about  the  latter  End  of 
OFlobery  arrived  with  a  Number  of  DeUvjcares^ 
S .■.izvaneje  and  Mobiccons^  and  fomc  Deputies 
from  the  Six  Nations,  the  Governor,  with  his 
Secretary,  and  one  of  his  Council,  four  Com- 
miiVioners  appointed  by  the  Aflembly,  and  a 
Number  of  Citizens  of  the  City  of  Philadel- 
phia, chiefly  of  the  People  called  (Quakers,  met 
him  at  liajldn  on  the  8th  of  November.  After 
feveral  Days  had  been  fpent  to  little  Purpofe, 
it  was  propofed  to  afk  the  Indians  the  Caufe  of 
their  Uneafinefs,  to  which  the  Governor  having 
agreed,  the  following  Paragraph  was  added  to 
the  Speech  he  had  already  prepared. 

"  Brother  'Teedyujcung,  what  I  am  now  going  Eaflon 
"  to   fay   fliould  have  been    mentioned   fome  ^'^^''^y' 
"Time  ago:  I  nowdefire  your  ftricfl  Attention  j_-g 
"  to  it.     You  was  pleafed  to  tell  me  the  other  20. 
"  Day  that  the  League  of  Friendfliip,   made 
"  by  your  Forefathers,  was  yet  frefh  in  your 
"  Memory;  you  faid  that  it  was  made  fo  ftrong 
"  that  a  fmall  Thing  could  not  eaftly  break  it. 

"As 


HI 


>i'f 


'k 


.::j! 


in; 


■  i 


» ^1  !i 


(   -oo  ) 

"  As  we  are  now  met  together  at  a  Council 
"  Fire  kindled  by  both  of  us,  and  have  pro- 
'*  mifed  on  both  Sides  to  be  free  and  open  to 
"  one  another,  I  muft  alk  you  how  that  League 
"  of  Friendfhip  came  to  be  broken  ?  Have  we 
"  the  Governor  or  People  of  Penfylvania  done 
"you  any  Kind  of  Injury?  If  you  think  we 
"  have,  you  fhould  be  honeft,  and  tell  us  your 
**  Hearts:  You  fhould  have  made  Complaints 
"  before  you  ftruck  us,  for  fo  it  was  agieed  in 
"our  antient  League.  However,  now  the 
"  great  Spirit  has  thus  happily  brought  us  once 
"  more  together,  fpeak  your  Mind  plainly  on 
"this  Head,  and  tell  us,  if  you  have  any  juft 
"  Caufe  of  Complaint,  what  it  is.  That  I  may 
"obtain  a  full  Anfwer  to  this  Point,  I  give 
"you  this  Belt  of  Wampum." 

In  anfwer  to  this,  'Teedyufcung  afligned  three 
Caufes;  firft,  the  imprudent  Condud  of  Charles 
Broadhead,  which  has  been  already  mentioned. 
Secondly,  the  Inftigations  of  the  French.  And, 
laftly,  (which  made  the  Blow  fall  the  harder) 
the  Grievances  he  and  his  People  fuffered  from 
this  Government  and  the  Jerjeys. 

The  Governor  calling  upon  him  to  explain 
what  thefe  Grievances  were, 

"  I  have  not,  fays  he,  far  to  go  for  an  In- 
"  fiance;  this  Ground  that  is  under  me,  (ftamp- 
"ing  with  his  Foot)  is  mine,  and  has  been 
"  taken  from  me  by  Fraud  and  Forgery."  The 
Governor  afked  him  what  he  meant  by  Fraud 
and  Forgery.  To  which  he  replied,  "  When 
"one  Man  had  formerly  Liberty  to  purchafe 
"  Lands,  and  he  took  a  Deed  from  the  Indians 
"  for  it,  and  then  dies,  if,  after  his  Death,  his 
"  Children  forge  a  Deed  like  the  true  One, 
"  with  the  famt  Indians  Names  to  it,  and  there- 
"  by  take  Lands  from  the  Indians  which  they 

"  never 


? 


I 


»s 


(   loi   ) 


(( 


never  fold:  This  is  Fraud.  Alfo  when  one 
"  King  has  Lands  beyond  the  River,  and  an- 
'*  other  has  Lands  on  this  Side,  both  bounded 
"  by  Rivers,  Creeks  and  Springs,  which  cannot 
'*be  moved,  and  the  Proprietaries,  greedy  to 
**  purchafe  Lands,  buy  of  one  King  what  be- 
" longs  to  the  other:  This  likewife  is  Fraud." 

"  Have  you,  faid  the  Governor,  been  ferved 
"fo?  Yes,  replied  Teedyujcungy  I  have  been 
"ferved  fo  in  this  Province.  All  the  Land 
"  extending  from  "Tohiccon  over  the  great  Moun- 
"  tain  as  far  as  Wyomen  is  mine,  of  which  fome 
"  has  been  taken  from  me  by  Fraud.  For  when  1 
"  agreed  to  fell  the  Land  to  the  old  Proprietary 
"  by  the  Courfe  of  the  River,  the  young  Proprie- 
"  taries  came  and  got  it  run  by  a  ftraight  Courfe 
"by  the  Compafs,  and  by  that  Means  took  in 
"double  the  Quantity  intended  to  be  fold." 

It  may  be  deemed  foreign  to  the  Purpofe  to 
mention  theOppofition  that  was  made  by  Secre- 
tary Peters  and  C.  Weijer  to  the  afking  the  In- 
dians the  Caufe  of  their  Uneafinefs,  and  how 
the  Secretary  threw  down  his  Pen,  and  declared 
he  would  take  no  Minutes  when  the  King  came 
to  complain  of  the  Proprietaries.  Thefe 
Things,  therefore,  being  pafled  over,  we  fhall 
only  obferve,  that,  after  fome  Debate,  it  was 
agreed  upon,  at  the  Inftance  of  the  Commif- 
fioners,  to  offer  the  Indians  immediate  Satisfac- 
tion for  the  Injury  they  fuppofed  had  been 
done  them,  whether  their  Claim  was  juft  or 
not.  This  being  done,  Teedyujcung  let  the 
Governor  know,  that  the  main  Defign  of  his 
prefent  Coming  was  to  re-eftablifh  Peace,  after 
which  he  had  intended  at  another  Meeting  to 
lay  open  his  Grievances;  that  he  had  done  that 
now  only  at  the  Requeft  of  the  Governor,  but 
was  not  impowered  to  receive  any  Satisfadion 

at 


»J 


n) 


II 


1757- 


(    102    ) 

at  this  Time;  that  feveral  were  abfent  who  were 
concerned  in  thefe  Lands;  that  he  would  en- 
deavour to  bring  thefe  down  at  the  next  Meet- 
ing, and  that  then  the  Matter  might  be  further 
confidered  and  finally  fettled. 

A  few  Weeks  after  this  Treaty  arrived  in 
Philadelphia  Mr.  George  Croghan^  whom  Sir 
William  John/on  had  appointed  his  Deputy- 
Votes  of  Agent  of  Indian  Affairs,  and  by  Inftrudions, 
the Affcm- dated  November  24th,  1756,  had  ordered  "to 
bly,  Jan.  proceed  to  Philadelphia,  or  to  any  Part  of  the 
Province  of  Penfylvania,  and  endeavour  to  find 
out  the  Difpofition  of  the  Indians  in  thofe 
Parts,  and  convince  them  that  it  is  their  In- 
tereft  to  continue  Friends  to  the  Englijh  and 
Six  Nations;  to  enquire  into  the  Caufe  of  the 
Delaware  and  Shawaneje  Beliaviour  to  the  En- 
glijh in  thofe  Parts,  and  affure  them,  if  they 
would  come  and  let  Sir  William  John/on  know 
wherein  they  were  injured,  he  would  endeavour 
to  have  Juftice  done  them,  fo  that  that  unhappy 
Difference  might  be  fettled." 

Of  this  Mr.  Croghan,  foon  after  his  Arrival, 
informed  the  Governor,  and  at  the  fame  Time 
gave  it  as  his  Opinion,  confidering  what  had 
paffed  at  the  lad  Treaty,  that  this  Government 
Votes  of    could  not  avoid  giving  the  Indians  a  Meeting 
Aflbmbly,  ^q  (q^^\q  (j^g  Differences  that  fubfifted  between 
^■""g '^^^' them.     He  farther  affured  the  Governor,  he 
would  do  every  Thing  in  his  Power  to  fet    e 
thefe  Differences  in  an  amicable  Manner,  and 
in  the  mean  Time  would  let  Sir  William  John- 
Jon  know  that  the  Indians  were  to  meet  here, 
and  expedted  to  receive  his  farther  Inftrudlions 
on  that  Head;  and  as  he  thought  it  neccffary 
the  Meeting  fhould  be  held  foon,  he  propofcd 
fending  Meffengers  to  I'eedyujcimg,  and  the  SuJ- 


G.  Cro- 
ghan's 
Letter  to 
the  Go- 
vernor. 


qiu 


^hannah  Indians,  as  foon  as  polfible 


P 


I 


VI 


Accordingly 


I 


(  103  ) 

Accordingly  Meflengers  were  fent  with  two 
Meflages;  one  to  the  Shawanefe^  Nanticokes, 
and  Six  Nations,  living  at  Otjaningo  and  Bia- 
bogo,  and  the  other  to  'Teedyufcung\  which  are 
as  follows: 


VI 


George  Croghan  to  the  Chiefs  of  the  Shawanefe, 
Nanticokes,  and  Six  Nations. 


"  Brethren  of  the  Shawanefe,  Nanticokes,  and 
Six  Nations,  living  at  Otjaningo  and  Diahogo! 
I  am  come  hereabout  a  Month  ago  from  Sir 
IVilliam  Johnfon,  who  is  charged  with  the  Care 
of  all  the  Indians  in  this  Part  of  America,  by 
the  great  King  of  England,  your  Father  and 
his  Mafter.  On  my  Arrival  here,  your  Bro- 
ther Onas  fhewed  me  a  Copy  of  the  Confer- 
ences he  had  with  you  at  Eajion;  where  I  find 
you  have  agreed  to  have  another  Meeting  in 
the  Spring  in  order  to  finally  fettle  all  Differ- 
ences fubfifting  between  you  and  your  Breth- 
ren the  Englijh,  and  to  brighten  the  antient 
Chain  of  Friendlliip  which  has  lately  con- 
trafted  fome  Ruft.  And  as  your  Brother 
Sir  IVilliam  Johnfon  fent  me  here  to  enquire 
into  the  Caufes  of  the  Differences  fubfifting 
between  you  and  your  Brethren  the  Englijh 
in  thefe  Parts,  I  promife  you  in  his  Name, 
that  1  will  do  every  Thing  in  my  Power  to 
fettle  thefe  Differences  between  you,  and  fee 
full  Satisfadion  made  you  for  any  Injuftice 
you  have  received;  and  that  this  Meeting 
may  be  the  more  general,  and  for  the  better 
fettling  all  Differences,  I  call  a  few  of  your 
chief  Men  to  meet  me  at  John  Harris  %,  to 
confult  on  Meafurcs  for  bringing  to  this 
general  Meeting  fome  of  the  Chiefs  of  our 

"  Brethren 


^ 


I.) 


It    :\ 


Il 


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'      'Il  i«  \ 


(  104  ) 

Brethren  from  Obioy  in  order  once  more  to 
brighten  the  antient  Chain  of  Friendship.  In 
confirmation  of  which  I  fend  you  this  Belt 
of  Wampum  in  the  Name  of  Sir  William 
Johnfon^  your  Brother  OnaSy  and  the  Defcend- 
ants  of  the  firft  Settlers  who  came  over  with 
your  antient  Brother  JVilliam  Penny  with 
whom  you  began  this  good  Work  at  Eajion 
this  Fall  paft." 

'The  other  MeJJage  follows  in  theje  Words: 

George  Croghan  to  the  Delawares  at  Diahogo, 
and  all  the  Branches  of  Sufquehannah. 

**  Brother  'Teedyufcungy  when  I  came  here  from 
Sir  William  Johnfony  your  Brother  Onas  told 
me,  you  had  promifed  him  another  Meeting 
in  the  Spring,  in  order  to  fettle  all  the  Dif- 
ferences fubfifting  between  you  and  your 
Brethren  the  Englijh\  and  as  your  Brother 
Sir  William  Johnfon  has  ordered  me  to  aflift 
at  thefe  Meetings,  and  help  to  fee  Matters 
reconciled  and  Juftice  done  you,  I  defire  you 
by  this  Belt  of  Wampum  in  the  Name  of  Sir 
William  Johnfony  your  Brother  OnaSy  and  the 
Defcendants  of  the  firft  Settlers  who  came 
over  with  your  antient  Brother  William  Penny 
to  ufe  your  utmoft  Endeavours  to  bring  down 
all  your  People,  and  as  many  of  your  Uncles 
the  Six  Nations  that  live  among  you,  as  will 
be  neceflary  to  accomplifli  this  good  Work 
you  began;  and  I  promife  you  in  the  Name 
of  Sir  William  Johnfony  whom  the  great  King 
of  Englandy  your  Father  and  his  M after,  has 
ordered  to  take  Care  of  all  the  Indians  in  this 
Part  of  Amcricay  that  I  will  fee  Juftice  done 
you." 

When 


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ijj'  ''i    i 


&  9- 


(  los  ) 

When  the  above  Meflage  was  delivered  to  „ 
the  Indians  at  Diabogo,  the  Indian  Council  im-rencet" 
mediately  difpatched  two  Men  to  the  Ohio,  to  with  the 
inform  the  Delawares  and  Shawanefe  living  there  Indians 
of  this  Meeting,  and  to  defire  fome  of  them  to^^  j^^"'* 
come  to  it;   but  if  none  of  them  fhould  chufe ^"j^g^ *"" 
to  come,  thefe  Meflengers  were  then  to  infift  1757'p. 
that  none  of  the  Delawares  and  Shawanefe  living  i. 
on  the  Ohio  fhould  come  to  War  againft  the 
Englijh,  till  this  Meeting  was  over,  and  they 
have  Time  after  returning  home  to  let  them 
know  how  it  ended. 

About  the  Time  Mr.  Croghan  difpatched  p  g 
the  Meflengers  up  Sujquehannah,  he  fent  three 
others  to  the  Indians  on  Ohio,  inviting  them  to 
the  Conference.  Thefe,  upon  their  Arrival  at 
Fenango,  one  of  the  chief  Towns  on  Ohio,  called 
a  Meeting  of  the  Indians,  and  delivered  their 
Mefllige,  with  which  the  Delawares  prefent 
feemed  well  pleafed,  and  faid  they  would  go 
down,  but  muft  firft  go  and  confult  their  Un- 
cles the  Senecas,  who  lived  further  up  the  River. 
The  next  Day  they  went  and  confulted  the 
Senecas,  who  having  heard  the  Mefl'ages,  dif- 
fuaded  the  Delawares  from  going,  becaufe  the 
Belts  (or  Meflages)  fent  were  not  proper  on 
the  Occafion ;  they  faid,  they  knew  George  Cro- 
ghan, and  would  be  well  enough  pleafed  to  fee 
him,  and  if  he  would  fend  them  proper  Belts 
made  out  of  old  Council-Wampum  (;.  e.  a 
Mefllige  from  the  Government  and  People, 
who  were  their  old  Friends,  and  with  whom 
they  had  formerly  treated)  both  they  and  the 
Delawares  would  go  down  and  fee  him.  The 
Meflengers,  upon  their  Return,  called  at  Dia- 
hogo  and  informed  Teedyujcung  of  the  Meflage 
they  carried  to  Ohio,  and  the  Anfwer  they 
brought  back.  Hereupon  I'eedyuJ'cung  fent  to 
o  let 


II 


I' 

'ill    'i 


•  / 


(   io6  ) 

let  the  Governor  and  Mr.  Croghan  know,  that 
neither  the  Belts  fent,  nor  the  Perfons  that 
c.irried  them,  were  proper  on  the  Occafion; 
that,  if  they  wanted  to  have  a  Meeting  with 
the  Indians^  they  fhould  fend  wife  Men,  not 
young  Warriors,  to  invite  them  down. 

Belides  the  foregoing  Meflages  the  Governor 
and  Mr.  Croghan  wrote  to  Sir  William  Johnjon 
to  fend  down  a  Number  of  the  Six  Nations  to 
affift  at  the  propofed  Meeting.  Thefe  came 
down  firft,  in  Number  about  one  Hundred 
and  fixty  Men,  Women  and  Children.  On 
the  29th  of  March,  1757,  Mr.  Croghan  met 
them  at  Harris's  on  Sujquchannah,  about  90 
Miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  was  informed  by 
them,  that  T'eedyujcimg  yj^?,  gor\Q  into  the  Senecas 
Country  to  get  a  Number  of  Senecas  to  come 
down  with  him;  that  he  would  be  down  as  foon 
as  polTible  with  200  Indians,  but  whether  he 
would  come  to  Eajlon  or  John  Harris's  they 
could  not  tell. 

From  Harris's  they  were  perfuaded  to  come 
to  Lancajlcr,  where  having  waited  till  the  26th 
oi April,  and  the  Small-Pox  breakingout  among 
them,  and  finding  Teedyujcung  did  not  come,  they 
fent  Meflengers  to  Philadelphia  to  invite  the 
Governor  to  come  and  meet  them,  as  they 
wanted  to  go  home  again.  On  the  9th  oi May 
the  Governor  arrived  at  Lancajler,  and  on  the 
1 2th  had  a  Meeting  with  the  Indians,  at  which 
he  informed  them  of  what  had  pafTed  between 
him  and  the  Delawares,  and  deftred  they  would 
advife  him  what  Meafures  they  thought  would 
be  mofl:  likely  to  bring  about  a  Peace  with 
thefe  Indians.  In  anfwer  to  this  the  Six  Nation 
Chief  told  the  Governor,  "  it  gave  them  great 
"Satisfadion  to  hear  that  he  had  been  fo  for- 
"  tunate  as  to  find  out  the  true  Caufes  from 

"  whence 


'$. 


!!■!'< 


x 


(   >o7  ) 

*'  whence  the  Differences  arofe  between  the  En- 
'"'' glijh  and  the  Delano  ares  and  Sbawaneje^  for 
"that  they  and  Sir  W.  Johnfon  had  taken  a 
"great  deal  of  Pains  to  find  it  out  without 
"Succefs."  After  this  he  informs  the  Gover- 
nor of  the  Meeting  the  Six  Nation  Deputies 
had  with  the  Belawares  at  Otfaningo,  and  how 
the  Delawares  had  thrown  off  their  Depend- 
ance,  and  declared  they  would  no  longer  ac- 
knowledge any  but  the  Senecas  as  their  Uncles 
and  Superiors.  "  Now,  Brother,  fays  he,  oar 
"  Advice  to  you  is,  that  you  fend  proper  Mef- 
"fengers  immediately  to  the  Senecas  to  invite 
"I'.em  with  the  Delawares  and  Shawaneje  to  a 
"  Meeting  with  you  here,  and  when  they  come, 
"  be  very  careful  in  your  Proceedings  with 
"  them,  and  do  not  be  rafh,  and  it  will  be  in 
*'  your  Power  to  fettle  all  the  Differences  fub- 
"  .ifting  between  you  and  them." 

In  anfwer  to  this  the  Governor  thanked  the 
Indians  for  informing  him  of  the  clofe  Connec- 
tion between  the  Delawares  and  Senecas,  ac- 
knowledged their  Advice  was  good  and  whole- 
fome,  and  in  purfuance  of  it,  he  (aid,  he  would 
fend  to  Teedyufcung  to  come  down,  and  leave  it 
entirely  to  his  Choice  to  bring  with  him  fuch, 
and  fo  many,  of  his  Uncles  and  others  his 
Friends  as  he  thinks  proper. 

After  this  George  Crogban  having  informed 
the  Indians,  that  he  was  appointed  and  ordered 
by  Sir  IVilliam  Johnfon  to  enquire  into,  and 
hear,  the  Complaints  of  the  Indians,  and,  if 
juftly  grounded,  to  ufe  his  Endeavours  to  get 
them  redreffed,  infifted  upon  it  that  thofe  pre- 
fent  fhould  open  their  Hearts  to  him  without 
Referve,  and  inform  him  of  every  Thing  they 
knew  concerning  Frauds  complained  of  by 
'•Tecdyujcung,  or  any  other  Injuries  or  Injuftice 

done 


11 


li 


1  ^ 


.  1' 


(    '08  ) 

done  to  them,  or  any  of  the  Tribes  of  the  Six 
Nations  or  other  Indians  in  Alliance  with  his 
Majefty  King  George  in  this  or  the  neighbour- 
ing Colonies,  that  he  might  be  enabled  to  re- 
prefent  the  true  State  of  their  Grievances  to 
his  Majefty.  He  farther  defired  them  to  re- 
commend it  to  the  Delawares  and  Shawaneje  to 
come  down  and  give  the  Governor  a  Meeting; 
to  make  their  Complaints  appear  and  have 
them  adjufted,  elfe  he  would  take  it  for  granted 
they  had  no  juft  Caufe  of  Complaint.  Here- 
upon the  Six  Nation  Speaker  afligned  four 
Caufes  which  gave  Rife  to  the  prefent  Quarrel 
between  the  Engli/li  and  the  Delawares  and 
Sbawanefe;  firft,  the  death  of  the  Delaware 
Chief  {Weekwe/ey)  who,  for  accidentally  killing 
a  Man,  was  hanged  in  the  Jerjeys.  Secondly, 
the  Imprifonment  of  fome  Shawaneje  Warriors 
in  Carolina^  where  the  Chief  Man  of  the  Party 
died.  Thirdly  the  difpoftefting  the  Indians  of 
their  Land.  And,  laftly,  the  Inftigations  of 
the  French.  On  the  two  laft  Heads  he  faid, 
*'  We  muft  now  inform  you,  that  in  former 
"  Times  our  Forefathers  conquered  the  Dela- 
'■'•  wares^  and  put  Petticoats  on  them:  A  long 
"  Time  after  that,  they  lived  among  you  our 
"  Brothers;  but,  upon  fome  Difference  between 
"  you  and  them,  we  thought  proper  to  remove 
"  them,  giving  them  Lands  to  plant  and  hunt 
"  on  at  IVyomen  and  Juniata  on  Sujquehannah: — 
"  But  you,  covetous  of  Land,  made  Planta- 
"  tions  there,  and  fpoiled  their  Hunting- 
"  Grounds:  They  then  complained  to  us,  and 
"  we  looked  over  thofe  Lands,  and  found  their 
"Complaints  to  be  true.  At  this  Time  they 
'*  carried  on  a  Correfpondence  with  the  French, 
**  by  which  Means  the  French  became  acquaint- 
"  ed  with  all  the  Caufes  of  Complaint  they  had 

'*  again  ft 


f.  ■ : 


;S  h 


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(  109 ) 

againft  you,  and  as  your  People  were  daily 
increafing  their  Settlements,  by  this  Means 
you  drove  them  hack  into  the  Arms  of  the 
French,  and  they  took  the  Advantage  of 
fpiriting  them  up  againft  you,  by  telling 
tnem.  Children  you  lee,  and  we  have  often 
told  you,  how  the  Englijh  your  Brethren 
would  ferve  you,  they  plant  all  the  Country, 
and  drive  you  back,  fo  that  in  a  little  Time 
you  will  have  no  Land.  It  is  not  fo  with 
us;  tho'  we  build  Trading-Houfes  on  your 
Land  we  do  not  plant  it;  we  have  our  Pro- 
vifions  from  over  the  great  Water."  We 
have  opened  our  Hearts  to  you,  and  told 
you  what  Complaints  we  have  heard  thpt 
they  had  againft  you,  and  our  Advice  to 
you  is,  that  you  fend  for  the  Senecas  and 
them,  treat  them  kindly,  and  rather  give 
them  fome  Part  of  their  Fields  back  again 
than  difl^er  with  them:  It  is  in  your  Power 
to  fettle  all  Differences  with  them  if  you 
pleafe.  As  co  what  pafled  between  you  and 
'Teedyufcung  laft  Fall,  refpeding  the  Purchafe 
of  Lands,  we  know  nothing  of  it.  They  are 
not  here,  and  if  we  enquire  we  can  only  hear 
what  you  fay  on  that  Head.  We  fhould 
have  been  glad  the  Delawares  and  Sbawanefe 
had  been  here  at  this  Time,  that  we  might 
have  heard  the  Complaints  on  both  Sides; 
then  we  ftiould  have  been  able  to  judge  who 
were  in  the  Fault,  and  we  are  determined  to 
fee  Juftice  done  to  the  Party  aggrieved.  You 
fay,  if  you  have  done  the /«^/««i  any  Injuftice 
you  are  willing  to  make  them  Satisfaction. 
We  are  glad  to  hear  it;  and  as  you  have 
Writings  to  refrefti  your  Memories  about 
every  Tranfadlion  that  has  happened  between 
you  and  the  Delawares  and  Sbawanefe,  we 

'•  recommend 


n 


)  ■  • 
,  t 


:r  d 

■      Ml 

■  :k.[      ■ 

.:    A  1  1 

111 

,.  I 

(    no  ) 

"recommend  it  heartily  to  you  to  do  them 
"Juftice." 

As  the  Six  Nations  had  To  warmly  prcfTcd 
the  fending  for  the  Senecas,  the  Governor  pro- 
niifed  it  fliould  be  done,  and  accordingly  fent 
a  Meflage  to  '■TeedynJ'cung^  to  inform  him  of  the 
Advice  the  Six  Nations  had  given,  in  confe- 
quence  of  which  he  defired  him  to  come  down 
as  foon  as  it  would  fuit  his  Convenience,  and 
to  bring  with  him  the  Senecas,  or  fuch  of  them 
as  would  be  agreeable  to  him,  to  open  his 
Heart  to  his  Brethren,  and  he  promifed  him 
if  if  fhould  appear  that  he  had  been  defrauded 
of  his  Lands,  or  received  any  other  Injuries 
from  this  Province,  he  fliould  receive  Satisfac- 
tion. This  was  fent  by  a  fpecial  MeiTenger 
from  Lancajier  to  Teedyujcung^  who,  upon  re- 
ceiving this,  hafted  to  Eajton,  the  Place  of 
Meeting,  where  he  arrived  about  the  Middle 
of  July,  having  brought  with  him  a  few  prin- 
cipal Men  of  the  Senecas  as  well  as  from  the 
Reft  of  the  Six  Nations.  Thefe  with  his  own 
People  made  in  all  about  joo  Men,  Women 
and  Children.  The  Governor,  with  fix  of  his 
Council,  the  Speaker  of  the  Houfe  of  AfTem- 
bly,  four  of  the  Provincial  Commiflioners,  and 
one  or  two  other  Members  of  Aflembly,  with 
a  Number  of  Citizens  of  Philadelphia,  and  other 
Inhabitants  of  the  Province,  attended  this 
Treaty.  Before  the  public  Bufinefs  begun, 
^teedyujcung  applied  to  the  Governor  to  allow 
him  the  Liberty  of  appointing  a  Perfon  to  take 
down  the  Minutes  of  the  Treaty  for  him  with 
the  Secretary  appointed  by  the  Governor.  He 
had  fcen  the  Secretary  of  the  Province,  at  the 
laft  Eajlon  Treaty,  throw  down  his  Pen,  and 
declare  he  would  not  take  Minutes  when  Com- 
plaints were  made  againft  the  Proprietors.    He 

did 


i 


I 


t 


{  III  ) 

did  not  know  hut  the  fame  Thing  might  hap- 
pen again,  as  the  fame  Complaints  would  he 
repeated.  Befides,  the  Bufinefs  to  be  tranfafted 
was  of  the  utmoft  Importance,  and  required  to 
be  exaiftly  minuted,  which  he  thought  might  be 
beft  done  by  the  Method  he  propofed.  The 
Governor  then  prefented  George  Croghan  to  Tee- 
dyujcungy  and  the  Day  following  told  him,  that 
Sir  IVtlliam  John/on  "had  conltituted  and  ap- 
pointed M.T.  Croghan  Wxs  Deputy- Agent  for  7«- 
dian  Affairs  in  this  Province,  with  particular 
Diredions  to  hear  any  Complaints,  and  affift 
in  accommodating  the  Differences  the  Indians 
might  have  with  his  Majefty's  Subjefts,  and 
particularly  thofe  fet  forth  at  the  Treaty  in 
November  laft.  As  to  the  Matter  of  a  Secre- 
tary, he  let  Teedyiijcung  know,  that,  by  a  par- 
ticular Agreement  between  him  and  Mr.  Cro- 
ghan at  the  laft  Treaty  at  Lancafter^  no  one  was 
to  take  Minutes  of  the  Proceedings  but  the 
Secretary  appointed  by  Mr.  Croghan\  that  he 
had  been  farther  told,  it  was  the  conflant  Prac- 
tice of  Sir  William  Johnjon^  as  well  as  all  others 
who  have  the  Conduft  of  Indian  Affairs,  to 
employ  their  own  Secretaries."  "And  as  this 
"  Method,  continues  he,  was  fettled  at  LancaJ- 
"  ter  as  a  Precedent  to  be  obferved  in  future 
"  Treaties,  I  fhall  not  take  upon  me  to  make 
"any  Alteration  in  this  Refpedl." 

Teedyujcung^  looking  upon  this  as  a  Denial, 
was  much  diffatisfied.  The  Refufal  of  a  De- 
mand fo  juil  and  reafonable,  and  which  he  had 
made  only  for  the  Sake  of  Truth  and  Regu- 
larity, awakened  his  Sufpicion,  and  induced 
him  to  believe  that  there  was  a  Defign  to  lead 
him  on  blindfold,  and  in  the  Dark,  or  to  take 
Advantage  of  his  Ignorance.  Wherefore,  con- 
fidering  the  Demand,  he  made  no  longer  as  a 

Matter 


il 


-!1 


ilMi! 


(     112    ) 

Matter  of  Favour,  hut  what  he  had  a  Right 
to,  and  not  only  as  rcafonahic  but  ahfolutcly 
necertary  to  come  at  the  Truth;  and,  as  It  had 
been  a  Thing  agreed  upon  in  his  Council  at 
home,  he  relolved  once  more  to  infill  on  its 
being  granted,  and  if  the  Governor  perfifted  in 
refunng  it  to  him,  he  determined  not  to  treat, 
but  to  break  up  and  go  home.  This  being 
made  known  to  the  Governor,  he  told  T'eedyuJ- 
cun^y  that  as  no  Indian  Chief  before  him  ever 
demanded  to  have  a  Clerk,  and  none  had  ever 
been  appointed  for  Indians  in  former  Treaties, 
nay,  as  he  had  not  even  nominated  one  on  the 
Part  of  the  Province,  he  could  not  help  de- 
claring it  againft  his  Judgment.  *'  However, 
**  to  give  you  a  frefh  Proof  of  my  Friendfhip 
"and  Regard,  if  you  infill  upon  having  a  Clerk, 
**  I  Ihall  no  longer  oppofe  it." 

Four  Days  being  fpent  in  this  Debate,  the 
public  Treaty  began  next  Day,  '•teedynj'cung  hav- 
ing firft  nominated  a  Perfon  to  take  Minutes 
of  the  Proceedings  for  him.  The  Perfon  he 
nominated  was  one  Charles  Thomj'ony  who  had, 
at  the  particular  Requeft  of  Mr.  Peters^  taken 
Minutes  at  the  laft  Eajlon  Treaty,  and  of  whom, 
it  is  likely,  the  Indians  had  conceived  a  good 
Opinion  from  the  clofe  Attention  he  gave  to 
the  Bufinefs  when  the  Secretary  of  the  Province 
feemed  confufed  and  threw  down  his  Pen. 

The  Governor  opened  the  Conference  in 
public,  by  informing  '■teedyuj'cungy  that  he  was 
glad  to  meet  him  once  more  with  his  People 
and  fome  of  the  Six  Nations  according  to  the 
Agreement  in  November  laft:  He  put  him  in 
Mind  of  the  ^ueftion  that  was  afked  him  re- 
lating to  the  Caufe  of  the  Breach  between  the 
Engltjii  and  DclawareSy  and  of  the  Anfwer  he 
gave.     He  let  him  know  that  he  had  laid  the 

Proceedings 


(  >«J  ) 

Procccilings  of  tli;it  Treaty  before  Sir  irHliam 
Jjhnlun  (appointed  hy  the  Kinu;  fole  Agent  tor 
Indian  Affairs  in  this  Dillrid)  and  thuT  he  had 
deputed  Mr.  (ieot\^e  Crfr^han  to  art  in  his  Be- 
half, to  attend  this  Treaty,  and  enquire  into 
every  Grievance  the  India:/ s-  may  have  fuffered, 
either  from  their  Brethren  of  Pcnjyhania  or  the 
neighbouring  Provinces. 

After  this  Mr.  Cro^han,  adih-efluig  the  /«- 
dianSy  toKl  them,  "That  he  was  orderetl  by  Sir 
IVilliani  John/on  to  attend  this  Meeting,  and  to 
hear  any  Comphiints  thev  had  to  makeagainft 
their  Brother  Onus,  in  refpert  to  his  defrauding 
them  of  the  Lands  mentionetl  in  the  hift  Eafton 
Treatv,  or  anv  other  Injuries  thev  had  received 
from  any  of  his  Majeft\'s  Subjerts.  And  he 
aflured  them,  in  the  Name  of  Sir  IViUiam 
Johnjon,  he  would  do  every  Thing  in  liis  Power 
to  have  all  Differences  amicably  adjulled  to 
their  Satisfartion,  agreeable  to  his  Orders  and 
Inftrurtions." 

In  anfwer  to  this,  '•TecdyuJcHng  having  afligned 
the  fame  Caufe  of  the  Diffx-rence  between  him 
and  the  Ibiglijh^  that  he  had  at  the  laft  Treaty 
at  Eajhm,  and  referred  the  Governor  and  his 
People  to  their  own  Hearts  and  Writings  for 
the  Truth  of  what  he  faid;  and  having  hinted 
at  the  Injuftice  of  the  Englijh  in  taking  all  the 
Lands  from  the  Indians,  and  leaving  them  no 
Place  for  a  Refidence,  he  told  the  Governor, 
that  he  now  put  it  in  his  Power  to  make  a  lad- 
ing Peace:  That  he  wanted  nothing  but  what 
was  reafonable;  that  this  Land  was  firft  given 
to  the  Indians  by  that  Almighty  Power  who 
made  all  Things;  "And  as,  fays  he,  it  has 
"  pleafed  Him  to  convey  you  to  us,  and  unite 
*'  us  in  Friendfliip  in  the  Manner  already  men- 
"  tioned,  which  was  well  known  by  our  Ancef- 
i»  "  tors, 


II 


^? 


M 
1      ' 


''Ol 


(  114 ) 

"  tors,  it  is  now  in  your  Power,  and  depends 
"entirely  on  your  Care  and  Diligence,  that  it 
"  may  not  be  broken,  as  it  has  been,  and  if  it 
"be  broken  it  will  be  owing  to  you — This  1 
"  afk,  that  1  may  have  fonie  Place  for  a  Settle- 
"  mcnt,  and  other  good  Purpofes,  in  which  we 
"may  both  agree;  but  as  I  am  a  free  Agent, 
"  as  well  as  you,  I  muft  not  be  bound  up,  but 
"  have  Liberty  to  fettle  where  I  pleafe." 

As  the  Indian  King  had  been  for  four  or  five 
Days  (viz.  from  the  Day  before  the  publick 
Treaty  began,  to  the  Time  of  his  delivering 
this  Speech)  kept  almoft  continually  drunk,  it 
is  not  to  be  wondered  that  feveral  Parts  of  his 
Speech,  as  it  ftands  in  the  Minutes,  appear 
dark  and  confufed,  as  they  did  to  the  Governor; 
more  efpecially  as  the  Interpreter,  at  the  Time 
the  Speech  was  delivered,  wasdozedwith  Liquor 
and  Want  of  Sleep, 

However,  after  this,  being,  by  the  Intcrpofi- 
tion  of  his  Council,  reftrained  from  Liquor,  and 
next  Morning,  when  fober,  called  upon  by  Mr. 
Croghan,  at  the  Defire  of  the  Governor,  to  ex- 
plain what  he  had  faid  the  Day  before,  and  in 
particular  whether  he  continued  the  Complaints 
he  had  made  lafl:  L'all,  about  his  being  defraud- 
ed of  Lands,  and  where  he  intended  to  fettle, 
he  made  the  following  Speech  : 

"  The  Complaints  I  made  laft  Fall  I  yet  con- 
"  tinue.  I  think  fome  Lands  have  been  bought 
"  by  the  Proprietary  or  his  Agents  from  Indums 
"  who  had  not  a  Right  to  fell,  and  to  whom  the 
"  Lands  did  not  belong.  I  think  alfo,  when 
"  fome  Lands  have  been  fold  to  the  Proprietary 
"  by  Indians  who  had  a  Right  to  fell  to  a  certain 
"  Place,  whether  that  Purchafe  was  to  be  mea- 
"  fured  by  Miles  or  Hours  Walk,  that  the 
"  I'roprietaries    have,   contrary   to  Agreement 


or 


llli 


or 


{    115   ) 
*' or  Bargain,  taken  in  more  Lands  than  they 
"  ought  to  have  done,  and  Lands  that  belonged 
"toothers.      I  therefore  now  defire  you  will 
"  produce  the  Writings  and  Deeds  by  which 
"  you  hold  the  Land,  and  let  them  be  read  in 
"  publick  and  examined,  that  it  may  be  fully 
"  known  from  what  Indians  you  have  bought 
"  the  Lands  you  hold,  and  how  far  your  Pur- 
"  chafes  extend,  that  Copies  of  the  whole  may 
"be  laid  before  King  George,  and  publifhed  to 
"  all    the    Provinces    under  his   Government. 
"What  is  fairly  bought  and  paid  for  I   make 
"  no  farther  Demands  about.    But  if  any  Lands 
"  have  been  bought  of  Indians,  to  whom  thefe 
"  Lands  did  not  belong,  and  who  had  no  Right 
"  to  fell  them,  I  expeft  a  Satisfaftion  for  thefe 
"  Lands.    And  if  the  Proprietaries  have  taken 
"  in  more  Lands  than  they  bought  of  the  true 
"  Owners,  I  expeft  likewife  to  be  paid  for  that. 
"  But  as  the  Perfons  to  whom  the  Proprietaries 
"  may  have  fold  thefe  Lands,  which  of  Right 
"  belonged  to  me,  have  made  fome  Settlements, 
"  I  do  not  want  to  difturb  them,  or  to  force 
"  them  to  leave  them,  but  I  exped  a  full  Satis- 
"  fadion  (liall  be  made  to  the  true  Owners  for 
"thefe  Lands,  tho'  the  Proprietaries,  as  I  faid 
"before,  might  have  bought  them  from  Per- 
"  fons  that  had  no  Right  to  fell  them.     As  we 
"  intend  to  fettle  at  JVyomen,  we  want  to  have 
"  certain  Boundaries  fixed  between  you  and  us, 
"  and  a  certain  Trad  of  Land  fixed,  which  it 
"ihall  not  be  lawful  for  us  or  our  Children 
"ever   to   fell,   nor  for   you   or   any  of  your 
"  Children  ever  to  buy.     We  would  have  the 
"  Boundaries  fixed  all  around  agreeable  to  the 
"  Draught  we  give  you  (here  he  drew  a  Draught 
"with  Chalk  on  the  Table)  that  we  may  not 
"  be  prefied   on  any  Side,  but  have  a  certain 

"  Country 


'■:    I 


f\-   \ 


l< 


,; 


Hiil 


■,'  If    ■,!     ■? 


p.i 

r  i         ' 

i 

(   ii6  ) 

"Country  fixed  for  our  Ufe  and  the  Life  of 
"our  Children  for  ever.  And  .is  we  intend 
"to  make  a  Settleniont  at  U'yoyiich,  and  to 
"build  diflerent  Houfes  from  what  we  have 
"done  heretofore,  fuch  as  may  laft  not  only 
"for  a  little  Time,  but  for  our  Children  after 
"  us;  we  defire  you  will  allift  us  in  making  our 
"  Settlements,  and  fend  us  Perfons  to  inftrud: 
"us  in  building  Houfes,  and  in  making  fuch 
"  NecefTaries  as  fliall  be  needful;  and  that  Per- 
"  fons  be  fent  to  inftrud:  us  in  the  Chriftian 
"  Religion,  whicti  may  be  for  our  future  Wel- 
"  fare,  and  to  inftrucft  our  Children  in  Reading 
"  and  Writing;  and  that  a  fair  Trade  be  eftab- 
"  liflied  between  us,  and  fuch  Perfons  appoint- 
"  ed  to  conduft  and  manage  thefe  Affairs  as 
"  fliall  be  agreeable  to  us." 

Notwithftanding  the  Meflages  Mr.  Croghan 
and  the  Governor  had  fent  to  'Tccdyiijciing^  the 
Promifes  made  at  Lancafter,  and  what  both 
had  fiid  in  the  beginning  of  the  prefent  Treaty, 
of  their  Willingnefs  and  Readinefs  to  hear  the 
Complaints  of  the  Indians^  and  to  redrefs  their 
Grievances,  yet  when  the  Governor  came  to 
anfwer  this  Speech,  he  told  ^Tccdyujcung  that 
"he  muft  refer  him  to  Sir  It'illiani  'JohnJ'on\ 
that  the  Orders  of  his  Majefty's  Miniilers 
were,  that  the  Indians  Complaints  fliould  be 
heard  before  Sir  IVUliam  John/on  only;  that 
Mr.  Croghan  had  informed  him  he  had  no 
Power  to  fuffer  any  Altercations  on  this  Com- 
plaint, and  that  he  did  not  think  it  would  be 
for  the  Good  of  his  Majefty's  Service,  ^ffi." 

"As  to  the  Lands  between  Shamokin  and 
ll'yomcn  the  Proprietaries  had  never  bought 
them  of  the  Indians,  and  therefore  never  claimed 
them  under  anv  Indian  Purchafe;  that  he  vsas 
pleafed  with  the  Choice  they  had  made  of  that 

Place, 


(  117  ) 
Place,  and  would  ufe  all  the  Means  in  his 
Power  to  have  thefe  Lands  fettled  upon  him 
and  his  Poftcrlty  agreeable  to  his  Requeft;  and 
as  to  the  other  Purpofes  for  which  he  defired 
this  Settlement  of  Lands,  they  were  fo  reafon- 
able,  that  he  made  no  Doubt,  but,  on  his 
Recommendation  of  them  to  the  Aflembly, 
they  would  chearfuUy  enable  him  to  comply 
with  them." 

This  Speech  being  delivered,  t\\Q  Indian  King 
and  his  Council  immediately  withdrew  to  de- 
liberate upon  it.  The  Refult  of  this  Council 
was,  that  they  would  not  go  to  Sir  William 
John/on,  and  that  the  Reafons  of  their  Refufal 
might  appear  in  full  Strength,  they  agreed  to 
follow  the  Example  of  the  Governor,  and  to 
have  their  Speech  written  down  and  examined 
in  Council,  and  then  read  to  the  Governor. 
The  Manner  in  which  the  King  had  before 
delivered  himfelf  in  publick  induced  the  Coun- 
cil to  prefs  this  Meafure  now. 

Accordingly,  next  Morning  they  again  met, 
fent  for  the  Secretary,  and  had  the  Speech  writ- 
ten down  and  carefully  examined.  But  when 
the  King  met  the  Governor  at  the  publick 
Conference,  and  defired  that  what  was  written 
down  in  Council  might  be  read  and  accepted 
as  his  Speech,  both  the  Governor  and  Mr. 
Crogban  joined  in  oppofing  it.  After  fome 
Debate  '•I'ccdyujcung,  finding  they  would  not 
grant  him  the  Privilege  they  had  taken  them- 
felves,  informed  them  from  his  Memory,  of 
the  Subftance  of  what  was  agreed  upon  in 
Council;  and  after  taking  Notice  of  the  In- 
confiftency  that  appeared  to  him  in  the  Go- 
vernor's telling  him  at  one  Time,  that  Cicorge 
Croghan  was  Sir  IVilliam  John/on  <,  Deputy,  and 
appointed  to  adt  between  the  Englijh  and  Indians^ 

and 


I 


\i 


?  ^i 


'1' 


«  « 


111    r,4>\( 


(   iiH   ) 

and  at  another,  that  he  had  no  Power,  is'c.  he 
gave  the  Governor  to  underftand  that  he  would 
not  go  to  Sir  /ni/iam  Jobfi/oH;  firil,  hecaufe 
he  did  not  know  Sir  miliam\  next,  hecaufe 
there  were  the  Nations  who  had  been  inftru- 
mental  to  this  Mifunderftanding,  by  the  Man- 
ner in  which  they  had  heretofore  treated  them, 
and  by  felling  Lands  in  this  Province,  and, 
laftly,  becaufe  the  deferring  Matters  might 
again  embroil  us  in  War.  He  further  told 
the  Governor,  that  he  then  wanted  nothing  for 
his  Lands,  but  only  that  the  Deeds  might  be 
produced,  and  well  looked  into,  and  Copies  of 
them  taken  and  put  with  the  Minutes  of  the 
Treaty.  This  done  he  offered  to  confirm  a 
Pi.'ace  immediately:  And,  as  to  the  Injury  he 
imagined  he  had  receiveti  in  Land  Affairs,  he 
left  that  to  be  decided  by  the  King,  and  faid 


he   would    wait    his    Determination. 


Let 


"  Copies  of  the  Deeds  be  fent  to  the  King, 
"and  let  him  judge.  I  want  nothing  of  the 
"Land  till  the  King  hath  fent  Letters  back, 
"  and  then  if  any  of  the  Lands  be  found  to 
"  belong  to  me,  I  expedl  to  be  paid  for  it,  and 
"  not  before." 

The  Governor,  finding  that  '^T'ct'i/vn/cKHg  was 
not  to  be  put  off,  refolved  in  Appearance  to 
comply  with  his  Requefl:.  But  as  it  was  agreed 
not  to  deliver  up  all  the  Deeds,  and  as  this 
might  give  Umbrage  to  the  luciiaHS^  Mr.  It^eifer 
and  Mr.  Croghan  wcrt  privately  fent  to  pradlife 
with  the  King,  and  to  get  him  to  be  content 
with  the  Delivery  of  a  Part,  alledging  that  the 
whole  of  the  Deeds  was  not  brought  up,  but 
fuch  only  as  were  neceffary,  and  relating  to  his 
Complaint  and  the  late  Purchafes.  Part  of 
two  Days  being  fpent  in  thefe  Pradices,  and 
the   hidians    in    the    mean    Time    plied    with 

Liquor, 


(     M9    ) 

Liquor,  the  Governor   met   the  Indians,  and 
having   affigned   fome    late  Orders   from    the 
King's  Minifters  as  the  Caufe  of  his  referring 
'•Teedyujcung  to  Sir  William  Johnjon,  he  told  him, 
that  as  he  fo  earneftly  defired  to  fee  the  Deeds 
for  the  Lands,  mentioned  in  the  laft  Treaty, 
he  had  brought  them  with   him,  and  would 
give  '■Teedyufcung  Copies  of  them  agreeable  to 
his  Requeft.       Hereupon  fome  Deeds   being 
laid   upon   the   Table,   the  Governor  defired 
that  all  further  Debates  and  Altercations  con- 
cerning Lands  might  reft  till  they  fliould  be 
fully  examined  and  looked  into  by  Sir  William 
Johnjon,  in  order  to  be  tranfmitted  to  the  King 
for  his  Royal  Determination.     When  "Teedyuf- 
cun^  was  made  fenfible  that  the   Deeds  were 
delivered,  without  examining  to  fee  what  Deeds 
they  were,  he  immediately,  in  the  Name  of  the 
Ten   Nations,   folemnly    concluded    a    Peace. 
The  Reading  the  Deeds  was  put  oflF  till  next 
Day.    In  the  mean  Time,  upon  Examination, 
it  was  found  very  few  Deeds  were  delivered, 
and  thofe  not  fufficient   to   throw  full  Light 
into   the    Matters   in    Difpute,  which  Ihewed 
there  was   no   Defign   of  doing  Juftice,  or  of 
making  a  full  and  candid  Enquiry  into   the 
Complaints  of  the  Indians.    The  Deed  of  1718 
was  withheld;  a  Paper,  called  a  Copy  of  the 
laft  Indian  Purchafe  in  1686,  tho'  not  even  at- 
tefted  to  be  a  Copy,  was  produced  for  a  Deed. 
Mr.  '•Tbonifon,  who  was  Teedyujcung  s  Secretary, 
having,  before  he  knew  there  was  any  Inten- 
tion of  nominating  him  to  take  Minutes,  had 
an  Opportunity  of  reading  the  Treaty  in  1728, 
and  feeing  there  the  Strefs  that  was  laid  upon 
the  Deed  of  17 18,  and  confidering  farther  that 
the  Governor,  as  being  but  lately  arrived,  might 
be  unacquainted  with  that  Matter,  thought  he 

could 


Ii 


) 

1 

1- 

1    '  '. 

1 

1 
1 

m'  i 


•;'. 


(    I20    ) 

could  not,  conliftcnt  with  his  Duty,  do  lefs 
than  inform  the  Governor  there  was  fuch  a 
Deed.  This  he  did  by  a  Letter  which  he  de- 
livered into  the  Governor's  own  Hands.  This, 
however,  had  not  the  defired  Kffedl:  For  the 
next  Day,  when  the  Deeds  were  again  pro- 
duced, that  of  171 S  was  ftill  wanting.  Tlie 
Proprietary's  Agents,  it  feenis,  had  laid  the 
Plan,  and  it  was  neceflliry  to  profecute  that  at 
all  Adventures,  let  the  Confequence  be  what 
it  would.  For  this  Reafon,  doubtlefs,  it  was 
that  the  Deed  of  1718  was  withheld;  that  the 
Paper,  called  a  Copy,  was  produced  for  a  Deed, 
tho'  there  was  no  Kind  of  Certificate  to  it  to 
atteft  that  it  was  even  a  Copy,  and  Blanks 
were  left  in  two  of  the  moft  material  Places, 
which  it  cannot  well  be  imagined  a  true  Deed 
could  have,  or  that  the  huiinris  would  ever 
knowingly  have  executed.  However,  it  was 
neceflary  this  fhould  be  produced,  becaufe  on 
it  depended  the  Releafe  of  1737,  by  virtue  of 
which  the  Walk  was  made,  and  the  greateft 
Part  of  the  Land  in  Difpute  taken  from  the 
Indians.  Befides  thefe,  were  produced  a  Re- 
leafe from  the  Indians  of  the  Five  Nations  of 
the  Lands  on  Siifqiiebannah  River,  Ottober  11. 
1736.  A  Releafe  from  the  Six  Nations  of 
Lands  below  the  Mountains  eaftward  to  Dela- 
ware River,  dated  OElober  25,  1736,  with  an- 
other indorfed  on  it,  dated  the  yth  Jalyy  1754. 
And,  laftly,  a  Deed  of  Releafe  for  Jn-i-au  ?ur- 
chafes,  dated  2 2d  Augiijl  1749. 

Upon  finding  that  the  Deed  of  1718  was 
not  delivered,  notwithftanding  the  Notice  given 
to  the  Governor,  'TeedyuJ'cHng^  Secretar\-  in- 
formed ^\r.Croghan,t\\c  King's  Deputy- Agent, 
thereof,  by  a  Letter  written  and  delivered  into 
his  Hands  at  the  Table  in  the  Time  of  the 

public 


!|: 


llrt     (• 


(     '21     ) 

public  Treaty.     The  Reafon  for  not  mention- 
ing this  Matter  in  public  was,  leaft,  if  it  came 
to  the  Indians  Ears  that  they  were  thus  abufed, 
they  might  break  up  the  Conference,  and  go 
away   diflatisfied.      The    I^'erment  among  the 
Indians,  and  the  Refolution  they  had  taken  to 
go  home  but  the  Kvening  before,  upon  imagin- 
ing that  fome  Delays  in  the  public  Bufinefs 
proceeded  from  a  Backwardnefs  in  the  Governor 
to  conclude  a  Peace,  gave  apparent  Grounds 
for  this  Fear.     For  this  fame  Reafon  it  was 
that   the  Commillioners  from   the  Aflembly, 
tho'   they   were  fenfible    the    neceflary   Deeds 
were  not  delivered,  yet  at  the  Time  took  no 
public  Notice  of  it,  being  in  Hopes  that,  upon 
more  mature  Deliberation,  the  Governor  would 
order  what  were  farther  neceflary  to  be  after- 
wards added,  and  fent  to  the  King  and  Coun- 
cil.    For,  as  a  juft  Determination  could  not 
be  given,  while  Papers  and  Deeds  of  fuch  Im- 
portance were  withheld,  and  as  the  Lives  of 
many  of  his  Majefty's  Subjedls,  and  the  Alli- 
ance of  many  Indian  Nations,  depended  upon 
a  juft  Determination,  it  was  not  to  be  imagined 
that  the  Governor  would  join  in  deceiving  the 
King  and  his  Council  in  a  Matter  of  fo  great 
Confequence. 

After  the  foregoing  Deeds  and  Papers  were 
produced,  and  Copies  of  them  given,  'Teedyuf- 
cung  requefted  that  Mr.  Norris,  Speaker  of  the 
Aftembly,  together  with  the  Aflembly,  would 
look  into  thef;  Matters,  and  fend  to  the  King 
a  Copy  of  the  Deeds  and  Minutes  of  this 
Treaty,  and  he  hoped  the  Governor  and  Mr. 
Crog/ian  would  have  no  Objedion  to  this. 

Here  then  the  Affair  refts.     If  the  proper 

Papers,  and  a  true  State  of  Lhe  Cafe,  be  laid 

before  the  King  and  Council,  for  a  juft  Deter. 

Q  mination . 


:s:U, 


I       ■; 


|i 


,1- 


(     »22     ) 

mination:  If  the  Indians  be  afllfled  in  making 
this  Settlement,  fecured  in  their  Property,  and 
inftrudted  in  Religion  and  the  civil  Arts,  agree- 
able to  their  Requeit,  and  the  Trade  with  them 
regulated  and  fet  on  fuch  a  Footing  that  they 
may  be  fecure  from  Abufe,  there  is  not  the 
leaft  Doubt  but  the  Alliance  and  Friendfliip 
of  the  Indians  may  be  for  ever  fecured  to  the 
BritiPi  Intereft;  but,  fhould  thefe  Things  be 
negledted,  the  Arms  of  the  French  are  open  to 
receive  them. 

We  have  already  experienced  the  Cruelties 
of  an  Indian  War,  and  there  are  more  Inftances 
than  one  to  fhew  they  are  capable  of  being  our 
mod  ufeful  Friends,  or  moft  dangerous  Ene- 
mies. And  whether,  for  the  future,  they  are 
to  be  the  one  or  the  other,  feems  now  to  be  in 
our  own  Power.  How  long  Matters  will  reft 
fo,  or  whether,  if  the  prefent  Opportunity  be 
negledled,  fuch  another  will  ever  return,  is  alto- 
gether uncertain.  It  becomes  Menof  Wifdom 
and  Prudence  to  leave  nothing  to  Chance  where 
Reafon  can  decide. 


A  LIST 


A    n 


\   :  :f- 


(   1^3  ) 


A    LIST    of  the    Indian    Treaties^    and 
other   Records y   examined  in    making   the 
■  fo^t^goifig  Extracts. 


TR  E  AT  Y  between  Governor  Keith 
and  the  Indians  at  Coneftogo,  April 

Gov.C/or<:z'(9«andthe  5  Nations  at 

Philadelphia^         —         —         "July 

Minutes  of  Council  on  Indian  Affairs, 
April  \%. 

Treaty  between  Gov.  Gordon  and  the  Co-  ~ 
nejhgoes^  Delawares,  Shaivaneje^  and 
Canawefe  Indians^         May  and  June 

Ditto and  5  Nations,  Ott.  k 

Ditto and  ditto  May 

Treaty  between  Gov.  Gordon,  in  the  Pre- 
fence  of  "-Thomas  Penn,  Efq;  and  the 
Shawanefe,         —         Sept. 

Ditto dit.  and  the  Six  Na- 


tions, 


Aug.  and  Sept. 


-Prefident  Logan  and  ditto 


Deed  of  Confirmation  of  the  Walking- 
Purchafe,  1737,  containing  Recitals 
of  feveral  Treaties  or  Meetings, 

Minutes  of  Council  relating  to  Indian 
Conferences,  1741,  not  delivered  to 
the  Aflembly  till  

Treaty  between  Governor  Thomas  and 
Six  Nations,  Jidy 

Treaty  held  at  Lancajler  with  the  Six 
Nations,  Governors  of  Penjyhania, 
Virginia  and  Maryland,      —      June 

Gov.  Thofnas  and  Indians,  at  Phi- 
ladelphia,    OBober 


nil 
727 
728 

728 

728 

729 

732 

736 

733 
to 

737 

742 

742 

744 

744 
Treaties 


Il 


i 

ll 


.•I 


) 

, 

it 

■\     : 

1 
1 

(     124    ) 

Treaties  heklat  /llhn)iy\\\t\\ Six  Nations,  ^ 

Government  of  iVt"K;-2'(9r^',  Majfacbuf-  ,■ 

Jetis,  Conctiicut  and  Penjyhuinia^   Otl.  I 

At  A  Warn  with  ditto^  —  (iover-  ) 

wox  o^  N Clio -York  ^        Sept.  \ 

Votes  of  Aflenibly  of  PcuJ'yhnnia^  Vol. 
in.  Sundry  Minuteson  /W/V/«  Affairs 

Treaty  held  at  Philadelphia  between  Go-  \ 
vernor  Hamilton  and  the  Six  Nations,  j 

C.  If^eifers  Letters  to  the  Secretary,  and 
Governor  Hamilton?,  MefTages  to  the 
AfTembly  before  and  after  the  faid 
Treaty,  

Secretary  Peter's  Report  to  Governor  | 
Hamilton  of  his  Proceeding,:  at  Ju- 


niata, 
C.  IFeiJer  [Indian  Interpreter)  his  Jour-  ) 

nal  of  ]*roceedings  at  Albany,  \ 

Treaty  held  at  Carlijle  between  the  Go-  | 

vernnient  of  Penfyhania  and  the  Ohio 

Indians,        J 

Pri  vateM  inutes  of  Proceedi  ngs  at  Albany  \ 

Treaty,  and  Deed  o^  Indian  Purchafe, ) 
C.  JVeiJers  Journal  of  his  Conferences  \ 

with  Indians  at  Auhgivick,      | 

Conferences  between  Governor  Morris  \ 

and  Indians  at  Philadelphia,         ^Ii<g-  I 
Indian  Intelligence  obtained  in  Confe-  i 

rencewith  the  H nlf-K'in^, Searroyady, 

and  others,  at  feveral  Times,  \ 

Conferences  between  Gov.  Morris  and  ( 

Scarroyady,  ^c.        March  and  April  | 
between  fomeOuakersand  AVrtr-  I 

royady,  April 


-between  Gov.  Morris  and  Capt.  \ 

Neivcajlle  at  Jagrca,        June  \ 

between  ditto and  ditto,  Juh 

Mil 


745 


746 

747 
V4« 

749 


749 

750 

75> 

753 

754 

754 

755 

754 
755 

756 

75^> 

75^> 

756 
utes 


„^^;, 

j 

i 

j 

745 

747 
■/4H 

749 

749 


(   1^-5  ) 
Minutes  of  Conferences  lietween  Gov.") 
Morris  and  TccdyufcuH^,  King  of  the 
Delawarcs^  Jul\ 


ditto  between  Gov.  Denny  and 

ditto  at  Kajlon,         Nov.  j 

Minutes  of  Conferences  between  ditto  \ 
and  tile  Six  Nations  at  Lancajlcr,  May  j 

between  ditto  and    "^recdyiij'cung,  \ 

and  others,  at  Eafton^     Au^. 


1756 

1756 

1757 

1757 
Conferences  and  Treaties  i)etween  Sir  IVilliam 
Johnjon  and  the  Six  Nations,  Shawanefe,  and 
others,  from  December  1755  ^°  February 
1756.  London  printed. 
Sir  IVilliam  "Johnjon  s.  Treaty  with  the  Shawaneje 
and  Delaware  Indians^  July  1756.  Publifhed 
at  New-Tor k,  1757. 

Treaty  with  Shawaneje ^Nan- 

ticokcs^  and  Mohickanders^  April  1757.     Pu- 
blifhed at  New-Tork. 


'SS 


Thirteen  Indian  Deeds  taken  from  the  pu- 
blic Records y  viz. 

2d  Otlober  1685,  For  the  Lands  from  Duck- 
Creek  to  Chejler-Creek. 

1 2th  January  1 696,  For  the  Lands  on  both  Sides 
of  Suffjuehannah,  lately  purchafed  by  '•tho- 
mas  Dungan  of  the  Seneca  and  Sujquehannah 
Indians. 

5th  July  1697,  P'or  the  Lands  from  Pennopeck- 
Creek  to  Ne/Jiameny. 

13  th  Sept.  1700,  F'or  the  Lands  on  both  Sides 
of  Sujquehannah^  fo  far  as  the  Sujquehannah 
Indians  have  a  Right  to  claim,  confirming 
the  Grant  formerly  made  by  Col.  Dungan 
to  IVilliam  Venn. 

23  d  April 


II 


II. 


! 

i 

1l 

V. 

'1         i 

::      ' 

\ 

11  m! 


iNi^r 


M^rt 


(     126    ) 

23d  Jpri/  1 701,  Articles  of  I'Viciulfhip  ami  A- 
grccmcnt  between  William  /V«;/  and  the 
Siij({uchamud\  Sbaivonah  ami  North  Palo- 
mack  Indians. 

17th  Sept.  171S,  SaJfooHan,  King  of  the  Dela- 
warcs,  and  his  fix  Counfellors,  to  William 
Ptfifi,  their  Deed  of  Confirmation  of  a!! 
former  Sales  of  Lands  from  Duck-Creek  to 
the  Mountains  on  this  Siile  I.echay. 

nth  Otfober  1736,  Releafeofall  the  Lands  on 
iinj(iiiebamiab  to  the  Southwaril  of  the  Kit- 
tocbtimiy  Hills  from  the  Chiefs  of  the  Six 
Nations  to  Jobn,  i'bomas  and  Ricbard  Penity 
Kfquires. 

25th  Otioher  1736,  Relcafe  from  fome  of  the 
Chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations  (l^arties  to  the 
laft  mentioned  Deed)  of  all  their  Right  to 
the  Lands  in  the  Province  of  Penfyhania^ 
fouthward  of  the  Kittocbtimiy  Hills.  On 
this  Deed  appears  an  Indorfement  made 
at  Albany^  yth  July  1754,  confirming  the 
Deed,  and  promifing  to  fell  no  Lands 
within  thefe  Limits  to  any  Perfon  fave 
'■Thomas  and  Ricbard  Pemi^  I\fquires. 

25th  Au^ujl  1737,  A  Deed  of  Confirmation  of 
a  Piirchafe  therein  recited  to  have  been 
formerly  made  of  fo  much  Land  as  a  Man 
could  go  over  in  a  Day  and  half,  beginning 
at  Pitcock\  Falls  on  Delaware^  thence  weft.- 
ward  to  Ne//iamcny,  anc'  to  the  Head  of  the 
moft  wefterly  Branch  of  the  faid  Creek, 
and  thence  to  the  End  of  the  Walk,  is'c. 

23d  July  1748,  Articles  of  Friendfhip  between 
the  Chiefs  of  the  Twcghtwees^  and  the 
Government  of  Penfylvauia. 

22d  Augufi  1749,  Releafe  of  the  Chiefs  of  the 
Six  Nations  of  Lands  between  the  Kittoch- 

tiUHV 


i, 
t 


t 


rlu 


(    1^7   ) 
linny   Mountains  and   Afafr/Mjinoy  on  Suf- 
(jucluninah,  ami   the   la'ul    Mountains   and 
LcclMiivachfciu  on  Dt'laiviirc. 
6th  July  1754,  Kclcafc  tVoni  the  Chiefs  of  the 
Six  Nations  of  Lands  on  the  Weil-Side  of 
Su/}/iu'/.uinuti/.>,  beginning  at  the  Kittochtiuny 
Hills,  and  thence  to  a  Creek  northward 
of  the  Kittochtimiy  Hills,  called  Kayanon- 
dhihaji^h,  thence  North-Weft  and  by  Weft 
to    the    weftern    Bounds  of    PeHj'yhania^ 
thence  to  the  Maryland  Line,  thence  by 
faid  Line  to  the  South-Side  of  the  Kittoch- 
timiy Hills,  thence  by  the  faid  South-Side 
of  the  faid  Hills  to  the  Place  of  Beginning. 
9th  July  1754,  An  Indorfenient  made  by  fonie 
of  the  Parties  to  the  faid  Deed,  proniifing 
to  fell  no  Lands  within  the  Limits  of  Pen- 
fyhama  to  any  but  the  Pemts. 
A  Paper,  faid  to  be  a  Copy  of  a  Deed,  dated 
iSth  of  6th  Month  1686,  and  indorfed, 
Copy  of  the   laft  Indian   Purchafe.      To 
give  it  fonie  Credit,  it  has  been  confidently 
aflerted,  that  the  faid  Indorfenient  is  of 
the  Hand-Writing  of  IVilliam  Penn;  but 
on  its  being  produced  at  Eajlon,  and  ex- 
amined, it  appeared  clearly,  and  was  con- 
fefled  by  the  Secretary  and  feveral  others 
acquai  nted  with  M  r.  Pf««'s  H  and-Writing, 
not  to  be  his,  nor  indeed  is  it  like  it.    Its 
chief  Mark  of  Ci'edit  is,  that  it  appears 
to  be  an  antient  Paper.     But  there  is  no 
Certificate  of  its  being  a  Copy,  nor  was  it 
ever  recorded.     As  the  Name  of  Jojepb 
IVood  is  put  as  one  of  the  Evidences,  and 
as  a  Perfon  of  that  Name  declared  at  PenJ- 
bury   1734,  he  was  prefent  at  an  Indian 
Treaty  in  1686,  and  it  is  not  known  thore 

was 


\   I 


'"'It  ' 

!.     ;- 

I 

1 

I: 

(    1^-8   ) 

was  any  other  of  the  Name,  it  feems  extra- 
ordinary, if  this  be  a  genuine  Copy,  that 
he  was  not  then  called  upon  to  make  fome 
Proof  of  it. 

There  is  a  confiderable  Number  of  Indian 
Deeds  in  the  Hands  of  the  Secretary  for  Lands 
purchafed  at  feveral  Times,  and  particularly  for 
the  Lands  on  the  Branches  of  Scbuy/ki/  above 
'Tulpyhocbin,  purchafed  in  1732  and  1733,  which 
it  was  particularly  defired  might  be  produced, 
but  they  will  neither  record  nor  produce  them. 
There  is  Reafon  to  believe  the  faid  laft  men- 
tioned Deed  would  particularly  militate  againft 
the  fubfequent  Proceedings  from  1733  to  1737. 


FINIS, 


m 


H      ! 


IriM^ 


I  i . 


3 


APPENDIX. 


AS  the  withdrawing  of  the  Ohio  Indians  laft  Sum- 
mer from  the  French  Intereft,  was  of  great 
Importance  to  the  Succefs  of  General  Forbes  s 
Expedition  againft  Fort  Bucjuejne,  it  may  be  fome 
Satisfadion  to  the  curious  Reader  to  be  informed 
what  Means  were  made  Ufe  of  by  the  General  and 
the  Government  of  Pennfilvania  to  bring  about  a 
Peace  with  thofe  Indians,  or  at  leaft  to  engage  them 
in  a  Neutrality.  The  great  Danger  to  the  General's 
Army  was,  that  it  might  be  attacked  and  routed  in 
its  March  by  the  Indians,  who  are  fo  expert  in  Wood- 
Fights,  that  a  very  fmall  Number  of  them  are  fupe- 
rior  to  a  great  Number  of  our  Regulars,  and  gene- 
rally defeat  them.  If  our  Army  could  once  arrive 
before  the  Fort,  there  was  no  Doubt  but  a  regular 
Attack  would  foon  reduce  it.  Therefore  a  proper 
Perfon  was  fought  for,  who  would  venture  among 
thofe  hoftile  Indians  with  a  Meflage ;  and,  in  the 
mean  Time,  the  General  moved  flowly  and  furely. 
Chrijliau  Frederick  Poji  was  at  length  pitched  on  for 
this  Service.  He  is  a  plain,  honeft,  religioufly  dif- 
pofed  Man,  who,  from  a  confcientious  Opinion  of 
Duty,  formerly  went  to  live  among  the  Mohickcn 
Indians,  in  order  to  convert  them  to  Chrijiianity.  He 
married  twice  among  them,  and  lived  with  them 
feventeen  Years,  whereby  he  attained  a  perfed  Know- 
ledge of  their  Language  and  Cufloms.  Both  his 
Wives  being  dead,  he  had  returned  to  live  among 
R  the 


1      \ 

1 

,| 

I 

1 

■  1 

' 

'  1 

1    * 

i! 

1        :;   l^ 

1                     ' 

*  t 

•f 


'\t 


'         .'I 


.1         lif 


■I 


I 


i 

II 

'] 

:     ■     1 
,1 
,                1 

i. 


(  130 ) 

the  white  People;  but  at  the  Requeft  of  the  Governor 
he  leadily  undertook  this  hazardous  Journey.  How 
he  executed  his  Truft,  his  Journal  will  fliow.  As  he 
is  not  a  Scholar,  the  candid  Reader  will  make  Al- 
lowance for  Defeds  in  Method  or  Exprelfion.  The 
Form  may  feem  uncouth,  but  the  matter  is  intereft- 
ing.  The  Indian  Manner  of  Treating  on  public 
Affairs,  which  this  Journal  affords  a  compleat  Idea 
of,  is  likewife  a  Matter  of  no  fmall  Curiofity:  And 
the  Event  of  PoJl\  Negotiation  (as  well  as  the  Ex- 
perience of  our  bad  Succefs  in  the  Indian  War)  fhows 
the  Rightnefs  of  that  Meafure  continually  incul- 
cated and  recommended  by  Jome  in  Pcnnjyhania,  of 
reducing  the  Indians  to  Reafon  by  Treaty  rather  than 
by  Force. 

The  JOURNAL  of  ChrijUan  Frederick  Po/l, 
in  his  Journey  from  PbiUuielphia  to  the  Obioy 
on  a  MeiTage  from  the  Government  of  Penn- 
Jyhania  to  the  Delaivare^  SbcnvaneJ'e  and  Mingo 
Indians  fettled  there,  and  formerly  in  Alliance 
with  the  Knglijh. 

July  the  ijth,  1758. 

THIS  Day  I  received  Orders  from  his  Honour 
the  Governor  to  fet  out  on  my  intended  Jour- 
ney, and  proceeded  as  far  as  Gcrmantoivn,  where  I 
found  all  the  Indians  drunk.  IVillamegkken  returned 
to  Philadelphia  for  a  Horfe  that  was  promifed  him. 

1 6th.  This  day  I  waited  for  the  faid  IVillamcgicken 
till  near  Noon,  and  when  he  came,  being  very  drunk'-', 
he  could  proceed  no  further,  fo  that  1  left  him  and 
went  on  to  Bethlehem'\. 

17th.  I  arrived  at  Bethlehem^  and  prepared  for  my 
Journey. 

*  All  Indians  arc  cxccfllvely  fond  of  Rum,  and  will  be  drunk 
whenever  they  can  get  it. 

f  The  Moravian  Brethren's  Settlement. 

18th.    I 


:ny 


(    13'    ) 

1 8th.  I  read  over  both  the  laft  Treaties,  that  at 
EaJloH  and  that  at  Philadelphia,  and  made  myfelf  ac- 
quainted with  the  Particulars  of  each. 

19th.  With  much  Difliculty  I  perfuaded  the  In- 
dians to  leave  Bethlehem,  and  travelled  this  Day  no 
farther  than  Hayes  s,  having  a  hard  Shower  of  Rain. 

20th.  Arrived  at  Fort  Allen. 

21ft.  I  called  my  Company  together,  to  know  if 
we  fhould  proceed.  They  complained  they  were  fick, 
and  muft  reft  that  Day.  This  Day  I  think  Teedyuf- 
cimg  laid  many  Obftacles  in  my  Way,  and  was  very 
much  againft  my  proceeding;  he  faid  he  was  afraid  I 
fliould  never  return,  and  that  the  Indians  would  kill 
me.  About  Dinner-time  two  Indians  arrived  from 
IFyoming,  with  an  Account  that  '•TeedyuJ'cung  s  Son 
Ilans  Jacob  was  returned,  and  brought  News  from 
the  French  and  Allegheny  Indians.  Teedyufcung  then 
call'-J  a  Council,  and  propofed  that  I  fhould  only  go 
to  .Wyoming,  and  return,  with  the  Meflage  his  Son 
had  brought,  to  Philadelphia.  I  made  Anfwer  that 
it  was  too  late,  that  he  fhould  have  propofed  That 
in  Philadelphia,  for  that  the  Writings  containing  my 
Orders  were  fo  drawn,  as  obliged  me  to  go,  though 
I  fhould  lofe  my  Life. 

2 2d.  I  defired  my  Companions  to  prepare  to  fet 
out,  upon  which  "Tcedyujcung  called  them  all  together 
in  the  Fort,  and  protefled  againft  my  going.  His 
Reafons  were,  that  he  was  afraid  the  Indians  would 
kill  me,  or  the  French  get  me;  and  if  that  fhould  be 
the  Cafe,  he  fhould  be  very  forry,  and  did  not  know 
what  he  fhould  do.  I  gave  for  Anfwer,  "  That  I 
"  did  not  know  what  to  think  of  their  Conduft.  It 
"is  plain,"  faid  I,  "that  the  French  have  a  publick 
''Road'"  to  your  Towns,  yet  you  will  not  let  your 
"  own  Flefli  and  Blood,  the  Englifli,  come  near 
"  them;  which  is  very  hard:  and  if  that  be  the  Cafe, 
"  the  French  mufl  be  your  Mailers."     I  added,  that. 


An  Indian  Exprcflion  meaning  Free  AdmiiTion. 


if 


)i 


.'    t  ■  • 


i 


1J2    ) 


if  I  died  in  the  Undertaking,  it  would  be  as  much 
for  the  Indians  as  Engli/Ii,  and  that  I  hoped  my  Jour- 
ney would  be  of  this  Advantage,  that  it  would  be 
the  Means  of  faving  the  Lives  of  many  Hundreds 
of  the  Indians :  Therefore  I  was  refolved  to  go  for- 
ward, taking  my  Life  in  my  Hand,  as  one  ready  to 
part  with  it  for  their  Good.  Immediately  after  I 
had  fpoken  thus,  three  rofe  up  and  offered  to  go 
with  me  the  neareft  Way;  and  we  concluded  to  go 
through  the  Inhabitants  under  the  blue  Mountains 
to  Fort  Augujla  on  SuJ'qiiehannah^  where  we  arrived 
the  25th. 

It  gave  me  great  Pain  to  obferve  many  Plantations 
deferted  and  laid  wafte;  and  I  could  not  but  refled: 
on  the  Diftrefs  the  poor  Owners  muft  be  drove  to, 
who  once  lived  in  Plenty;  and  I  prayed  the  Lord  to 
reftore  Peace  and  Profperity  to  the  Diftrefled. 

At  Fort  Augujla  we  were  entertained  very  kindly, 
had  our  Horfes  fliod,  and  one,  being  lame,  we  ex- 
changed for  another.  Here  we  received,  by  Indians 
froi  1  Diahog(f-\  the  difagreeable  News  that  our  Army 
was,  as  they  faid,  entirely  cut  off  at  '■Ticonderoga,  which 
difcouraged  one  of  my  Companions  [Lappopetung^ 
Son)  fo  much,  that  he  would  proceed  no  further. 
Shamoking  Daniel  here  alked  me  if  thought  he  fhould 
be  fatisfied  for  his  Trouble  in  going  with  me.  I  told 
him  every  Body  that  did  any  Service  for  the  Province 
I  thought  would  be  paid. 

27th.  They  furnillied  us  here  with  every  Neceffary 
for  our  Journey,  and  we  fet  out  with  good  Courage. 
After  we  rode  about  ten  Miles,  we  were  caught  in  a 
hard  Guft  of  Rain. 

28th.  We  came  to  IVekeeponall^  where  the  Road 
turns  off  for  Wyoming^  and  flept  this  Night  at  y^ieena- 
Jhawakee. 

29th.  We  croffed  the  Sujquehannah  over  the  Bigg 
Ifland.    My  Companions  were  now  very  fearful,  and 

I  An  Iriiiian  Scttl«mcnt  towards  the  Heads  of  Sufquehannuh. 

this 


(    ^33  ) 
this  Night  went  a  great  Way  out  of  the  Road  to  deep 
without  Fire,  but  could  not  deep  for  the  Mufquetoes 
and  Vermin. 

30th  and  3 1  ft.  We  were  glad  it  was  Day,  that  we 
might  fet  out.  We  got  upon  the  Mountains  and  had 
heavy  Rains  all  Night.  The  Heavens  alone  were 
our  Covering,  and  we  accepted  of  all  that  was  poured 
down  from  thence. 

Augujl  the  I  ft.  We  faw  three  Hoops'-'  on  a  Bufti: 
To  one  of  them  there  remained  fome  long  white 
Hair.  Our  Horfes  left  us,  I  fuppofe  not  being  fond 
of  the  dry  Food  on  the  Mountains:  With  a  good 
deal  of  Trouble  we  found  them  again.  We  flept  this 
Night  on  the  fame  Mountain. 

2d.  We  came  acrofs  feveral  Places  where  two  Poles 
painted  red  were  ftuck  in  the  Ground  by  the  Indians, 
to  which  they  tye  their  Prifoners  when  they  ftop  at 
Night  in  their  Return  from  their  Incurfions.  We 
arrived  this  Night  at  Shing/imuhje,  where  was  another 
of  the  fame  Ports.  'Tis  a  difagreeable  and  melancholy 
Sight  to  fee  the  Means  they  make  ufe  of  (according 
to  their  favage  Way)  to  diftrefs  others. 

3d.  We  came  to  a  Part  of  a  River  called  Tobeco, 
over  the  Mountains  a  very  bad  Road. 

4th.  We  loft  one  of  our  Horfes  and  with  much 
Difficulty  found  him,  but  was  detained  a  whole  Day 
on  that  Account. 

I  had  much  Converfation  with  Pifquetunmr]',  of 
which  I  think  to  inform  myfelf  further  when  I  get 
to  my  Journey's  End. 

5th.  We  fet  out  early  this  Day  and  made  a  good 
long  Stretch,  crofTed  the  big  River  'Tobeco  and  lodged 
between  two  Mountains.  1  had  the  Misfortune  to  lofe 
my  Pocket-Book  with  three  Pounds  five  Shillings;};, 


*  Little  Hoops  on  which  the  Indians  llretch  and  dreis  the  raw 
Scalps. 

t  An  Indian  Chief  that  travelled  with  him. 

\  The  Money  of  Pcnnfyhania,  being  Paper,  is  chiefly  carried 
in  Pocket-Books. 

and 


11  I 


. 


lilll 


y  m 


!    5 

I.   < 


i!?:,  :, 

■ .  ■'') 

4.[     ■,     .: 

:^  ■ 

1          ' 

1 

t 

1 1 


!    i 


(    '34  ) 
and  fundry  other  Things :    What  Writings  it  con- 
tained were  illegible  to  any  Body  hut  niyfelf. 

6th.  We  pafledall  theMoiintains,and  thebigRiver 
IVcJhaivaiicks,  and  crofTed  a  fine  Meadow  two  miles  in 
Length,  where  we  flept  that  Night,  having  nothing  to 
eat. 

yth.  We  came  in  Sight  of  Fort  Venango^  belonging 
to  t\\fiFrcnch,  fituate between  two  Mountains  in  a  Fork 
of  the  Ohio  River.  I  prayed  the  Lord  to  blind  them,  as 
he  did  the  Enemies  of  Lot  and  Elijfia^  that  I  might 
pafs  unknown.  When  we  arrived,  the  Fort  being  on 
the  other  Side  of  the  River,  we  halloo'd  and  defired 
them  to  fetch  us  over,  which  they  were  afraid  to  do, 
but  fliewed  us  a  Place  where  we  might  ford.  We 
flept  that  Night  within  half  Gun-Shot  of  the  Fort. 

8th.  This  Morning  I  hunted  for  my  Horfe  round 
the  Fort  within  ten  Yards  of  it.  The  Lord  heard 
my  Prayer,  and  I  pafled  unknown  till  we  had  mounted 
our  Horfes  to  go  off,  when  two  Frenchmen  came  to 
take  leave  of  the  Indians^  and  were  much  furprized  at 
feeing  me,  but  faid  nothing. 

By  what  I  could  learn  of  Pijquetiimen  and  the  In- 
dians who  went  into  the  Fort,  the  Garrifon  confifted 
of  only  fix  Men  and  an  Officer  blind  of  one  Eye. 
They  enquired  much  of  the  Indians  concerning  the 
Englijh^  whether  they  knew  of  any  Party  coming  to 
attack  them,  which  they  were  very  apprehenfive  of 

9th.  Heavy  Rains  all  Night  and  Day:  We  flept 
on  fwampy  Ground. 

10th.  We  imagined  we  were  near  Kujhkujhkee\  and 
having  travelled  three  Miles,  we  met  three  French- 
men^ who  appeared  very  fliy  of  us,  but  faid  nothing 
more  than  to  enquire,  whether  we  knew  of  any  EngUJfi 
coming  againfl  Fort  Venango. 

After  we  travelled  two  miles  farther,  we  met  with  an 
Indian  and  one  that  I  took  to  be  a  runagade  Englijh 
Indian-'Trader :  He  fpoke  good  Englijh,  was  very  curi- 
ous in  examining  every  Thing,  particularly  the  filver 
Medal  about  Pijquitumens  Neck.     He  appeared  by 

his 


i  ^35  ) 
his  Countenance  to  be  guilty.  We  enquired  of  them 
where  we  were,  and  found  we  were  loft,  and  within 
twenty  Miles  of  Fort  Duquefne.  We  ftruck  out  of 
the  Road  to  the  Right,  and  flept  between  two  Moun- 
tains; and  being  deftitute  of  Food,  two  went  to  hunt 
and  the  others  to  feek  a  Road,  but  to  no  Purpofe. 

I  ith.  We  went  to  the  Place  where  they  had  killed 
two  Deers,  and  Piffjuitumen  and  I  roafted  the  Meat. 
Two  went  to  hunt  for  the  Road  to  know  which  Way 
we  ftiould  go :  One  came  back  and  had  found  a  Road ; 
the  other  loft  himfelf. 

12th.  The  reft  of  us  hunted  for  him,  but  in  vain; 
fo,  as  we  could  not  find  him,  we  concluded  to  fet  ofi^, 
leaving  fuch  Marks  that,  if  he  returned,  he  might 
know  which  Way  to  follow  us;  and  we  left  him  fome 
Meat.  We  came  to  the  River  Conaquonajlion^  where 
was  an  old  Indian  Town.  We  were  then  fifteen  Miles 
from  Kujhkujhkee. 

There  we  ftopt  and  fent  forward  Pijquetiimen  with 
four  Strings  of  Wampum,  to  apprize  the  Town  of 
our  coming'-',  with  this  Meflage,  "  Brother}*,  thy 
"  Brethren  are  come  a  great  Way  and  want  to  fee 
"  thee  at  thy  Fire,  to  Jmoak  that  good  TobaccoX  which 
*'our  good  Grandfathers  ufed  to  fmoak.  Turn  thy 
"  Eyes  once  more  upon  that  Road  by  which  I  came^|. 
"  I  bring  thee  Words  of  great  Confequence  from  the 
"  Governor  and  People  o{  Pennjylvania  and  from  the 
■'  King  of  F^ngland.  Now  I  defire  thee  to  call  all 
"  the  Kings  and  Captains  from  all  the  Towns,  that 
"  none  may  be  mifling.  I  do  not  defire  that  my 
"  Words  may  be  hid,  or  fpoken  under  Cover.     I 

*  According  to  the  Rules  of  Indian  Politcncfs,  you  muil  never  go 
into  a  Town  without  lending  a  previous  Meliagc  to  denote  your 
Arrival,  or  Handing  at  a  Dillance  from  the  Town  and  hallooing 
till  fome  come  out  to  conduft  you  in.  Otherwife  you  arc  thought 
(li  rude  as  IVhitemen. 

f  When  the  People  of  a  Town,  or  of  a  Nation,  are  addrelTed, 
the  Indians  always  ufe  the  fingular  Number. 

;{;  /.  (•.   To  confer  in  a  friendly  Manner. 

^1    /.  e.   Call  to  mind  uur  antient  friendly  Intcrcoarfc. 

"  want 


(■: 


■  \      I 


"1  < 


i'^i 


'If. 


■f 


1  f 


mi 


ii 


i       ''  ' 


i! 


',      (■ 


til '  !    i 


■  t 


> 

1 

/                           ■ 

/  fni«j 

'  WM 

ii    n^B 

! 

1 

■  1                  ■  ■  : : 

( 136 ) 

"  want  to  fpeak  loud  that  all  the  Indians  may  hear  me. 
'*  I  hope  thou  wilt  bring  me  on  the  Road  and  lead 
"me  into  the  Town.  I  blind  tic  Ft\'>'-b  that  they 
"may  not  fee  me,  and  I  ftop  their  Lars  that  they 
"may  not  hear  tiie  great  News  I  bring  you." 

About  Noon  we  met  fome  Shawanefe  that  ufed  to 
live  at  Wyoming.  .  They  knew  me,  and  received  me 
very  kindly.  I  faluted  them,  and  aflured  them  the 
Government  of  Pennjyhania  wifhed  them  well  and 
wifhed  to  live  in  Peace  and  Friendfhip  with  them. 
Before  we  came  to  the  Town,  two  Men  came  to  meet 
us  and  lead  us  in.  King  Beaver  fhewed  us  a  large 
Houfe  to  lodge  in'-".  I'he  People  foon  came  and 
fhaked  Hands  with  us.  The  Number  was  about  fixty 
young  able  Men.  Soon  after  King  Beaver  came  and 
told  his  People,  "Boys,  hearken.  We  fat  here,  without 
"  ever  expelling  again  to  fee  our  Brethren  the  Englijh\ 
"  but  now  one  of  them  is  brought  before  you,  that 
"  you  may  fee  your  Brethren  the  Eng/iJ/i  with  your  own 
"Eyes;  and  1  wifh  you  may  take  it  into  Confider- 
"  ation." — Afterwards  he  turned  to  me  and  faid, 

"Brother,  I  am  very  glad  to  fee  you;  I  never 
"  thought  we  fliould  have  had  the  Opportunity  to  fee 
"  one  another  more;  but  now  I  am  very  glad,  and 
"thank  Godf  who  has  brought  you  to  us.  It  is  a 
"great  Satisfadion  to  me." — I  faid,  "Brother,  I  re- 
"joice  in  my  Heart  and  thank  God  who  has  brought 
"  me  to  you.  1  bring  you  joyful  News  from  the  Go- 
"  vernor  and  People  of  Pefinjyivania,  and  from  your 
"  Children  the  i'Wtv/^.f;|::  And,  as  I  have  Words  of 
"great  Confequence,  1  will  lay  them  before  you  when 
"  all  the  Kings  and  Captains  are  called  together  from 
"  the  other  I'owns.    I  wifh  there  may  not  be  a  Man 

*  Every  htdiiin  Town  has  a  large  Cabin  for  the  Entertainment 
of  Strangers  by  tlie  public  Holpitality. 

f  The  Imliiins  have  learned  from  the  Erglip  the  general  Notion 
of  a  fuprciiic  goml  Being. 

\  T'  at  is,  the  ^/akers,  for  whom  the  Indians  have  a  particular 
Regarc  . 

of 


•  me. 
lead 
they 
they 


(    U7   ) 

of  them  miffing,  but  that  they  may  be  all  here  to 
ear. 
In  the  Evening  King  Reaver  came  again  and  told 
me,  they  had  held  a  Council,  and  fent  out  to  all  their 
Towns,  but  it  would  take  five  Days  before  they  could 
all  come  together.  I  thanked  him  for  his  Care.  Ten 
Captains  came  and  faluted  me.  One  faid  to  the  others ; 
*'  We  never  expeded  to  fee  our  Brethren  the  Englijh 

*  again,  but  now  God  has  granted  us  once  more  to 

*  fhake  Hands  with  them,  which  we  will  not  forget.' 
They  fat  by  my  Fire  till  Midnight. 

14th.  The  People  crowded  to  my  Houfe,  it  was 
full.  We  had  much  Talk.  Delaware  George  faid  he 
had  not  flept  all  Night,  fo  much  had  he  been  engaged 
on  Account  of  my  Coming.  The  French  came  and 
would  fpeak  with  me.  There  were  then  15  of  them 
building  Houfes  for  the  Indians.  The  Captain  is  gone 
with  15  to  another  Town.  He  can  fpeak  the  Indian 
Tongue  well.  The  Indians  fay  he  is  a  cunning  Fox; 
that  they  get  a  great  deal  of  Goods  from  the  French \ 
and  that  the  French  cloath  the  Indians  every  Year, 
Men  Women,  and  Children,  and  give  them  as  much 
Powder  and  Lead  as  they  want. 

15th.  Beaver  King  was  informed,  that  Teedyufcung 
had  faid  he  had  turned  the  Hatchet  againft  the  French 
by  Advice  of  the  Allegany  Indians \  this  he  blamed,  as 
they  had  never  fent  him  fuch  Advice.  But  being  in- 
formed it  was  his  own  doing,  without  any  Perfuafion 
of  the  Governor,  he  was  eafy  on  that  Head.  Delaware 
7^rt«/>/prepar'd  a  Dinner,  to  which  he  invited  me  and 
all  the  Kings  and  Captains:  And  when  I  came,  he  faid, 
'  Brother,  we  are  as  glad  to  fee  you  among  us  as  if  we 
'  dined  with  the  Governor  and  People  in  Philadelphia. 
'  We  have  thought  a  great  deal  fince  you  have  been 
'  here.  We  never  thought  fo  much  before''"'.  I  thanked 
them  for  their  kind  Reception;   I  faid  it  was  fome- 

*  That  is.  We  look  on  your  coming  as  a  Matter  of  Importance, 
it  engages  our  Attention. 

s  thing 


)'■ 


II 


i  m 


mu 


I    '     ! 


i; 

ill: 


(  'j»  ) 

thing  great,  that  God  had  fpared  our  Lives  to  fee  one 
anotheragain  in  theold  Brother-like  Loveand  I'Viend- 
fhip.     There  were  in  all  ij  who  dined  together. 

In  the  Evening  they  danced  at  my  Fire,  firft  the 
Men  and  then  the  Women,  till  after  Midnight. 

On  the  1 6th,  the  King  and  the  Captains  called  on 
me  privately.  They  wanted  to  hear  what  '•teedyitfcung 
had  Hiid  of  them,  and  hegged  me  to  take  out  the 
Writings.  I  read  to  them  what  '•recdyufcioig  had  faid, 
and  told  them,  as  Teedyujcimg  had  faid  he  would  fpeak 
fo  loud,  that  all  at  Allegheny^  and  beyond,  fhould  hear 
it,  I  would  conceal  nothing  from  them.  They  faid 
they  never  fent  any  fuch  Advice  (as  above  mentioned) 
to  Teedyufcungy  nor  ever  fent  a  Meflage  at  all  to  the 
Government;  and  now  the  French  were  here,  their 
Captain  would  come  to  hear,  and  this  would  make  Dif- 
turbance.  I  then  told  them  I  would  read  the  reft,  and 
leave  out  that  Part,  and  they  might  tell  the  Kings 
and  Captains  of  it  when  they  came  together. 

17th.  Early  this  Morning  they  called  all  the  Peo- 
ple together  to  clean  the  Place  where  they  intended 
to  hold  the  Council,  it  being  in  the  middle  of  the 
Town.  Ku/fikuJJikee  is  divided  into  four  Towns,  each 
at  a  Diftance  from  the  others,  and  the  whole  confifts 
of  about  90  Houfes  and  200  able  Warriors. 

About  Noon  two  publick  Meffengers  arrived  from 
the  Indians  at  Fort  Duquejhe  and  the  other  Towns. 
They  brought  three  large  Belts  and  two  Bundles  of 
Strings*;  there  came  with  them  a  French  Captain  and 
15  Men.  The  two  Meflengers  infifted  that  I  fhould 
go  with  them  to  Fort  Duquejne\  that  there  were  there 
Indians  of  eight  Nations  who  wanted  to  hear  me; 

*  Thefc  Belts  and  Strings  are  made  of  Shell  Beads  called  If'tim- 
pum.  The  Wampum  fervcs  among  the  Indians  as  Money  ;  of  it 
they  alfo  make  their  Necklaces,  Bracelets,  and  other  Ornaments. 
Hclts  and  Strings  of  it  are  ufed  in  all  public  Negociaiions:  to  each 
Belt  or  String  there  is  conneded  a  Meiliige,  Speech  or  Part  of  a 
Speech  to  be  delivered  with  the  Belt  by  the  Meilenger  or  Speaker. 
Thefc  Belts  alfo  I'ervc  for  Records,  being  worked  with  Figures 
compofed  of  Beads  of  different  Colours  to  aflill  the  Memory. 

that 


(  »39  ) 
that  if  I  brought  good  News,  they  inclined  to  leave 
off  Var  and  live  in  Friendftiip  with  the  Englifh. 
The  above  Meflcngers  being  Indian  Captains  were 
very  furly.  When  I  went  to  fliake  Hands  with  one 
of  them,  he  gave  me  his  little  Finger,  the  other  with- 
drew his  Hand  entirely,  upon  which  I  appeared  as 
ftout  as  either,  and  withdrew  my  Hand  is  quick  as 
I  could.  Their  Rudenefs  to  me  was  tak.-n  very  ill 
by  the  other  Captains,  who  treated  them  in  the  lame 
Manner  in  their  Turn. 

I  told  them  my  Order  was  to  go  to  the  Indian 
Towns,  Kings  and  Captains,  and  not  to  the  French; 
that  the  En^lijh  were  at  War  with  the  French^  but  not 
with  thofe  Indians  who  withdrew  from  the  French  and 
would  be  at  Peace  with  the  Englijh. 

King  Beaver  invited  me  to  his  Houfe  to  Dinner, 
and  afterwards  he  invited  the  French  Captain,  and 
faid  before  the  Frenchman,  that  the  Indians  were  very 
proud  to  fee  one  of  their  Brothers  the  Englijh  among 
them,  at  which  the  French  Captain  appeared  low- 
fpirited,  and  feemed  to  eat  his  Dinner  with  very  little 
Appetite. 

In  the  Afternoon  the  Indian  Kings  and  Captains 
called  me  afide,  and  defired  me  to  read  them  the 
Writings  that  I  had.  Firft  I  read  part  of  the  Eafton 
Treaty  to  them,  but  they  prefently  flopped  me  and 
would  not  hear  it;  I  then  began  with  the  Articles  of 
Peace  made  with  the  Indians  there.  They  flopped 
me  again  and  fliid,  they  had  nothing  to  fay  to  any 
Treaty  or  League  of  Peace  made  at  Eafton,  nor  had 
any  Thing  to  do  with  Teedyujcung;  that  if  I  had  no- 
thing to  fay  to  them  from  the  Government  or  Go- 
vernor, they  would  have  nothing  to  fay  to  me.  And 
farther  faid,  they  had  hitherto  been  at  War  with  the 
Englijh,  and  had  never  expefted  to  be  at  Peace  with 
them  again;  and  that  there  were  fix  of  their  Men  now 
gone  to  War  againfl  them  with  other  Indians;  that 
had  there  been  Peace  between  us,  thofe  Men  fhould 
not  have  gone  to  War.      I  then  fhewed  them  the 

Belts 


)i 


(  140  ) 

Belts  and  Strings  from  the  Governor,  and  they  again 
told  me  to  lay  afide  iWt/vnJai^ij^  and  the  I'caee  made 
by  him;  for  that  they  had  nothing  to  ilo  with  it'''.  I 
deftretl  them  to  iiiffer  me  to  nrodiice  my  I'apers,  and 
I  would  read  what  I  hail  to  fay  to  them. 

18th.  Dclaivare  George  is  very  ac'tive  in  endea\'our- 
ing  to  eftahlidi  a  Peace.  I  believe  he  is  in  earned. 
Hitherto  they  have  all  treated  me  kindly. 

In  the  Afternoon  all  the  Kings  and  Captains  were 
called  together,  and  fent  for  me  to  their  Council. 
King  Beaver  firft  addrefled  himfelf  to  the  Captains; 
and  afterwards  fpoke  to  me  as  follows;  "Brother, 
'You  have  been   here   now  five  days  by  our  Inref. 

*  We  have  fent  to  all  the  Kings  and  Captains  defiring 
'  them  to  come  to  our  Fire,  and  hear  the  good  News 

*  you  brought.     Yefterday  they  fent  two  Captains  to 

*  acquaint  us,  they  were  glad  to  hear  our  b'.nglijh  Bro- 
'  ther  was  come  among  us,  and  were  defirous  to  hear 
'  the  good  News  he  brought;  and  fince  there  are  a 
'great  many  Nations  that  want  to  fee  our  Brother, 

*  they  have  invited  us  to  their  l^'ire,  that  they  may 
'  hear  us  all.  Now,  Brother,  we  have  but  one  great 
'  Fire;  fo,  Brother,  by  this  String  we  vvill  take  you  in 
'our  Arms,  and  deliver  you  into  the  Arms  of  the 
'other  Kings,  and  when  we  have  called  all  the  Na- 
'  tions  there,  we  will  hear  the  good  News  you  have 
'  brought.' 

Delivers  four  Strings. 

King  Beaver,  Sbingas,  and  De/eware  George  fpoke 
as  follows,  'Brother,  we  alone  cannot  make  a  Peace, 

*  it  would  be  of  no  Signification ;  for  as  all  the  Indians 
'  from  the  Sun  Rife  to  the  Sun  Set  are  united  in  one 

*  The  Peace  made  with  Tecdyufam^,  was  for  the  Dehmuiresy 
&c.  on  Sufqucbannah  (Jiily,  and  did  nut  imludc  the  liidians  on  the 
Ohio,  they  having  no  Deputies  at  the  Treaty.  But  he  liad  pr(jniiled 
to  halloo  to  them;  that  is,  fend  Melfengers  to  them,  and  endeavour 
to  draw  them  into  the  Peace,  whidi  lie  accordingly  did. 

f  A  /'/r^  in  public  Affairs,  fignifics,  among  the  Indians,/;  Council. 

'  Bodv, 


I 


atul 


(    14'    ) 

'  Body,  'tis  nccc(r:iry  that  the  whole  fhoulcl  join  in 
'the  Peace,  or  it  can  he  no  Peace;  ami  we  can  afTure 
'  you,  all  the  hidians  a  great  Way  tVoni  this,  even 
*  lieyond  the  Lakes,  are  clefirous  of  ami  wifli  for  a 
'  Peace  with  the  A'wif/////,  aiul  have  clellrecl  us,  as  we 
'are  the  neareil  of  Kin,  if  we  fee  the  liuglijh  incline 
'  to  a  Pence,  to  hokl  it  fait.' 

On  the  lyth,  ail  the  People  ratheretl  together, 
Men,  Women,  and  Children;  and  King  Heaver  de- 
fired  me  to  read  to  them  the  News  I  had  brought,  and 
told  me  that  all  the  able  ^l^n  fliould  go  witn  me  to 


the  other  Town.  I  com})licd  with  his  Defire,  and  they 
appeared  very  much  pleafed  at  every  Thing,  till  I 
came  to  that  Part  refpeciting  the  Prifoners.  This 
they  difliked,  for  they  fay  it  appears  very  odd  and 
unreafonable,  that  we  fliould  demand  Prifoners  be- 
fore there  is  an  eftabliflied  Peace;  fuch  an  unreafon- 
able Demand  mak<'s  us  appear  as  if  we  wanted  Brains. 

20th.  We  fet  out  from  Kujhkujhkee  for  Sankonk\ 
my  Company  confifted  of  25  Horfemen  and  1 5  Koot. 
We  arrived  at  Sankonk  in  the  Afternoon.  The  People 
of  the  Town  were  much  difturbed  at  my  coming,  and 
received  me  in  a  very  rough  Manner.  They  fur- 
rounded  me  with  drawn  Knives  in  their  Hands,  in 
fuch  a  Manner  that  I  could  hardly  get  along;  run- 
ing  up  againft  me  with  their  Breafts  open,  as  if  they 
wanted  iome  Pretence  to  kill  me.  I  faw  by  their 
Countenances  they  fought  my  Death.  Their  Faces 
were  quite  diftorted  with  Rage,  and  they  went  fo  far 
as  to  fay,  I  fhould  not  live  long;  but  fome  Indians 
with  whom  I  was  formerly  acquainted,  coming  up 
and  faluting  me  in  a  friendly  Manner,  their  Beha- 
viour to  me  was  quickly  changed. 

On  the  2 1  ft,  They  fent  Meflengers  to  Fort  Duquejne 
to  let  them  know  1  was  there,  and  invited  them  to 
their  Fire.  \\\  the  Afternoon  I  read  to  them  all  my 
MeiTage,  the  French  Captain  being  prefent,  for  he 
ftill  continued  with  us:  Upon  which  they  were 
more  kind  to  me.     In  the  Evening  15  more  arrived 

here 


u 


iO     :  ! 


r 

1  ■■     :. 

(  142  ) 

here  from  Kujhkujhkee.  The  Men  here  now  about 
120. 

22d.  Arrived  about  20  Shavoaneje  and  Mingos.  I 
read  to  them  the  Meflage,  at  which  they  Teemed  well 
pleafed.  Then  the  two  Kings  came  to  me  and  fpoke 
in  the  following  Manner; 

*  Brother,  We  the  Shawanefe  and  Mingos  have  heard 

*  your  Meflage;  the  Mefl!engerwefent  to  Fort  Duquefne 
'  is  returned,  and  tells  us,  there  are  eight  different 

*  Nations  there  who  want  to  hear  your  Meflage;  we 
'  will  condud  you  there  and  let  both  the  Indians  and 
^French  hear  what  our  Brothers  the  Engli/Ii  have  to 
'  fay.'  I  protefted  againfl;  going  to  Fort  Duquefne,  but 
all  in  vain;  for  they  infifted  on  my  going,  and  faid 
that  I  need  not  fear  the  French,  for  they  would  carry 
me  in  their  Bofoms,  i.  c.  engage  for  my  Safety. 

23d.  We  fet  oflT  for  Fort  Duquefne  and  went  no 
farther  this  Night  than  Logs  'Town,  where  I  met  with 
four  Shawanefe,  who  lived  in  Wyoming  when  I  did. 
They  received  me  very  kindly,  and  called  the  Prifon- 
ers  to  fliake  Hands  with  me,  as  their  Countryman, 
and  gave  me  Leave  to  go  into  every  Houfe  to  fee 
them,  which  was  done  in  no  Town  befides. 

24th.  They  called  to  me,  and  defired  that  I  would 
write  to  the  General  for  them.  The  Jealoufy  natural 
to  the  Indians  is  not  to  be  defcribed;  for  tho'  they 
wanted  me  to  write  for  them,  they  were  afraid  I  would, 
at  the  fame  time,  give  other  Information,  and  this  per- 
plexed them.  We  continued  our  Journey  to  the  Fort, 
and  arrived  in  Sight  on  this  Side  the  River  in  the  Af- 
ternoon, and  all  the  Indian  Chiefs  immediately  came 
over;  they  called  me  into  the  Middle,  and  King  Bea- 
ver prefented  me  to  them,  and  faid,  *  Here  is  our 
'  Englijh  Brother,  who  has  brought  great  News.'  Two 
of  them  rofe  up  and  fignified  they  were  glad  to  fee 
me.  But  an  old  deaf  Onondago  Indian  rofe  up  and 
fignified  his  Difpleafure.  This  Indian  is  much  dif- 
liked  by  the  others;  he  had  heard  nothing  yet  that  had 
pafTed;  he  has  lived  here  a  great  while,  and  conflantly 

lives 


•        (  143  ) 
lives  in  the  Fort,  and  is  mightily  attached  to  tne 
French;   he  fpoke  as  follows  to  the  Delawares.     '  I 
'  don't  know  this  Swannock\\\  it  may  be  that  you  know 
'  him.    /,  the  Sbawanefe^  and  our  Father-',  don't  know 

*  him.    I  ftand  here  (ftamping  his  Foot)  as  a  Man  on 

*  his  own  Groundf;   therefore  I,  the  Shawanefe  and 

*  my  Father,  don't  like  that  a  Swannock  come  on  our 

*  Ground.' Then  there  was  Silence  awhile  till  the 

Pipe  went  roundj;  after  that  was  over,  one  of  the 
Delawares  rofe  up,  and  fpoke  in  Oppofition  to  him 
that  fpoke  laft,  and  delivered  himfelf  as  follows. 

'That  Man  fpeaks  not  as  a  Man;  he  endeavours 
'to  frighten  us,  by  faying  this  is  his  Ground;  he 

*  dreams ;  he  and  his  Father  have  certainly  drank  too 
'  much  Liquor;  they  are  drunk,  pray  let  them  go  to 
'  deep  till  they  be  fober.  You  don't  know  what  your 
'own  Nation  does  at  Home;  how  much  they  have 
'  to  fay  to  the  Swannocks.  You  are  quite  rotten.  You 
'  ftink§.  You  do  nothing  but  fmoke  your  Pipe  here. 
'  Go  to  deep  with  your  Father,  and  when  you  are 
'  fober  we  will  fpeak  to  you.' 

After  this,  the  French  demanded  me  of  the  Indians. 
They  fliid  it  was  a  Cuftom  among  the  white  People 
when  a  Meflenger  came,  even  if  it  was  the  Governor, 
to  blind  his  Eyes  and  lead  him  into  the  Fort,  to  a  Pri- 
fon  or  private  Room.  They,  with  fome  of  the  Indians^ 
infifted  very  much  on  my  being  fent  into  the  Fort,  but 
to  no  Purpofe;  for  the  other  Indians  faid  to  the  French^ 
'  It  may  be  a  Rule  among  you,  but  we  have  brought 
'  him  here,  that  all  the  Indians  might  fee  him,  and 
'  hear  what  our  Brothers  the  Engli/h  have  to  fay;  and 

II  /.  e.   This  Englijkman. 

*  By  Father,  they  exprels  the  French 

f  By  /,  he  here  means,  /  the  Six  Nations,  of  which  the  Onon- 
(iagoes  are  one  of  the  grcateil.  This  was  therefore  a  Claim  of  the 
Ohio  Lands,  as  belonging  to  the  Six  Nations,  exclufive  of  the  Dela- 
tvares,  whom  they  formerly  called  Women. 

j;  The  Indians  I'moke  in  their  Councils. 

§  That  is,  The  Sentiments  you  exprefs,  are  offcnfive  to  the 
Company. 

'  we 


1       ir 


ii 


(    H4  ) 

*  we  will  not  fuffer  him  to  be  blinded  and  carried  into 
'  the  Fort.'  The  French  ftill  infifted  on  my  being 
delivered  to  them;  but  the  Indians  dcfired  them,  to 
let  them  hear  no  more  about  it;  but  to  fend  them 
loo  Loaves  of  Bread,  for  they  were  hungry. 

25th.  This  Morning  early  they  fent  us  over  a  large 
Bullock,  and  all  the  Indian  Chiefs  came  over  again, 
and  councelled  a  great  deal  among  themfelves;  then 
the  Delaware^  that  handled  the  old  deaf  Onondago  In- 
dian fo  roughly  Yefterday,  addreft  himfelf  to  him  in 
this  Manner;  '  1  hope  To-day  you  are  fober.  I  am 
'  certain  you  did  not  know  what  you  faid  Yefterday. 

*  You  endeavoured  to  frighten  us;  but  know,  ive  are 
'  now  Men^  and  not  fo  eafily  frightened.     You  faid 

*  fomething  Yefterday  of  the  Shawaneje\  fee  here  what 

*  they  have  fent  you'  [prejenting  him  with  a  large  Roll 
of  'Tobacco.) 

Then  the  old  deaf  Indian  rofe  up  and  acknowledged 
he  had  been  in  the  Wrong;  faid  that  he  had  now 
cleaned  himj'elf^''  and  hoped  they  would  forgive  him. 

Then  the  Delaware  Indian  delivered  the  Meftage 
that  was  fent  by  the  Shawaneje^  which  was,  '  That  they 
'  hoped  the  Delawares^  &c.  would  be  ftrong*!",  in  what 
'  they  were  undertaking;  that  they  were  extremely 
'  proud  to  hear  fuch  good  News  from  their  Brothers 
'  the  blnglijh\  that  whatever  Contrads  they  made  with 
'  the  Englijh,  the  Shawaneje  would  agree  to;  that  they 
'were  their  Brothers,  and  that  they  loved  them.' 

The  /'r<'«f/6  whifpered  to  the  Indians^  as  I  imagined, 
to  infift  on  my  delivering  what  I  had  to  fay,  on  the 
other  Side  of  the  Water;  which  they  did  to  no  Pur- 
pofe,  for  my  Company  ftill  infifted  on  a  Hearing  on 
this  Side  of  the  Water.  The  Indians  crofted  the 
River  to  council  with  their  I'athers\.  My  Company 
defired  to  know  whether  they  would  hear  me  or  no. 
This  Afternoon  300  Canadians  arrived  at  the  Fort, 


That  is,  he  had  changed  his  olFcniivc  Sentiments. 
That  is,  that  they  would  ad  vigoroufly. 
The  French  Jit  the  Fort. 


and 


'ur- 
on 
the 

)any 
no. 

'ort, 


and 


(   H5  ) 

and  reported  that  600  more  were  foon  to  follow  them, 
and  40  Battoes  laden  with  Ammunition.  Some  of 
my  Party  defired  me  not  to  ftir  from  the  Fire,  for 
that  the  French  had  offered  a  great  Reward  for  my 
Scalp,  and  that  there  were  feveral  Parties  out  on  that 
Purpofe.  Accordingly  I  ftuck  conftantly  as  clofe  to 
the  Fire  as  if  I  had  been  chained  there. 

26th.  The  Indians  with  a  great  many  of  the  Fr^w/?> 
Officers  came  over  to  hear  what  I  had  to  fay.  The 
Officers  brought  with  them  a  Table,  Pens,  Ink  and 
Paper.  I  fpoke  in  the  Middle  of  them  with  a  free 
Confcience,  and  perceived  by  the  Look  of  the  French 
^hey  were  not  pleafed  with  what  I  faid ;  the  Particulars 
f  which  were  as  follows; — I  fpoke  in  the  Name  of 
the  Government  and  People  of  Penfihania. 

*  Brethren  at  Allegheny^  We  have  a  long  Time  de- 
'  fired  to  fee  and  hear  from  you;  you  know  the  Road 

*  was  quite  {lopt,  and  we  did  not  know  how  to  come 
'  through.     We  have  fent  many  Meflengers  to  you, 

*  but  we  did  not  hear  of  you,  now  we  are  very  glad 
'we  have  found  an  Opening  to  come  and  fee  you, 
'  and  to  fpeak  with  you,  and  to  hear  your  true  Mind 
'  and  Refolution.     We  falute  you  very  heartily. 

A  String,  No.  I. 


*  Brethren  at  Allegheny  \  take  Notice  of  what  I  fay. 
You  know  that  the  bad  Spirit  has  brought  fomething 
between  us,  that  has  kept  us  at  a  Diftance  one  from 
another;  I  now  by  this  Belt  take  every  Thing  out 
of  the  Way  that  the  bad  Spirit  has  brought  between 
us,  and  all  the  Jealoufy  and  Fearful nefs  we  had  of 
one  another,  and  whatever  elfe  the  bad  Spirit  might 
have  poifoned  your  Heart  and  Mind  with.  I  now, 
by  this  Belt,  clear  every  Thing  away  that  the  bad 
Spirit  might  have  corrupted  and  poifoned  the  Heart 
and  Mindwith,  that  nothingof  it  may  be  left.  More- 
over, let  us  look  up  to  God,  and  beg  for  his  Affift- 
ance,  that  he  may  put  into  our  Hearts  what  pleafes 
T  him, 


1                  ; 

, 

j,gl 

)i,     |-V 

1 

1 
1 

,1         ! 


^  t 


(   ' 


[   146  ) 

'  him,  and  join  us  clofe  in  that  brotherly  Love  and 

*  Friendfhip,  which  our  Grandfathers  had.  We  af- 
'  fure  you  of  our  Love  towards  you. 

Jil  Belt  of  1 1  Rows. 

'  Brothers  at  Allegheny^  hearken  to  what  I  fay: 
*  We  began  to  hear  of  you  from  IVcUemeghihink^  who 

*  returned  from  Allegheny.  We  heard  you  had  had  but 
'  a  flight  confufed  Account  of  us,  and  did  not  know  of 
'  the  Peace  we  made  twelve  Months  paft  in  Eajlon.  It 
'was  then  agreed,  that  the  large  Belt  of  Peace  fhould 
'  be  fent  to  you  at  Allegheny.  As  thefe  our  two  old 
'  Friends  from  Allegheny^  who  are  well  known  to  many 
'  here,  found  an  Opening  to  come  to  our  Council  Fire, 
'to  fee  with  their  own  Eves,  to  fit  with  us  Face  to 
'  Face,  to  hear  with  their  own  Ears  every  Thing  that 
'has  been  tranladled  between  us;  it  gives  me  and  all 
'  the  People  of  the  Province  great  Pleafure  to  fee 
'them  among  us.  And  I  afiiire  all  my  Brethren  at 
^Allegheny,  that  nothing  would  pleafe  me  and  all  the 
'  People  of  the  Province  better,  than  to  fee  our 
'  Countrvnien  the  Dela-ivarcs  well  fettled  among  us. 

A  Belt. 


'  Hearken,  my  Brethren  at  Allegheny.  When  we 
'began  to  make  Peace  with  the  Dclawares  Twelve 
'  Months  ago  in  Behalf  of  Ten  other  Nations,  we 
'  opened  the  Road,  and  cleared  the  Buflies  from  the 
'  Blood,  and  gathered  all  the  Bones  on  both  Sides  to- 
'gether;  and  when  we  had  brought  them  together  in 
'one  Heap,  we  could  find  no  Place  to  bury  them: 
'  Wc  would  not  bury  them  as  our  Grandfathers,  did. 
'  They  buried  them  under  Ground  where  they  may  be 
'  found  again.  We  prayed  to  God  that  he  would  have 
'  Mercy  on  us,  and  take  all  thefe  Bones  away  from  us, 
'  and  hide  them  that  they  might  never  be  found  any 
'  more;  and  take  from  both  Sidesall  the  Remembrance 
'  of  them  out  of  our  Heart  and  Mind.  And  we  have  a 
'  firm  Confidence  that  (iod  will  be  pleafed  to  take  all 

'  the 


i '' 


(  H7  ) 
*  the  Bones  and  hide  them  from  us,  that  they  may  never 
'be  remembered  by  us  while  we  live,  nor  our  Chil- 
'  dren,  nor  Grand-Children  hereafter.  The  Hatchet 
'was  buried  on  both  Sides,  and  large  Belts  of  Peace 
'  exchanged.  Since  we  have  cleared  every  Thing  from 
'  the  Heart,  and  taken  every  Thing  out  of  the  Way; 
'  now  my  Brethren  at  Allegheny,  every  one  that  hears 
'  me,  if  you  will  join  with  us  in  that  brotherly  Love 
'  and  Friendfhip,  which  our  Grandfathers  had,  we  alTure 
'  you,  that  all  paft  Offences  fliall  be  forgotten,  and 
'  never  more  talked  of  by  us,  our  Children  and  Grand 
'  Children  hereafter.  This  Belt  afliires  you  of  our  Sin- 
'cerity,  and  honeft  and  upright  Heart  towards  you. 

A  Belt  of  7  Hows. 

'  Hearken,  Brethren  at  Allegheny.  I  have  told  you 
'  that  we  really  made  Peace  with  Part  of  your  Nation 
'Twelve  Months  paft;  I  now  by  this  Belt  open  the 
'  Road  from  Allegheny  to  our  Council-Fire,  where 
'  your  Grandfathers  kept  good  Councils  with  us, 
'  that  all  may  pafs  without  Moleftation  or  Danger. 
'  You  muft  be  fenfible,  that  unlefs  a  Road  be  kept 
'  open.  People  at  Variance  can  never  come  together 
'to  make  up  their  Differences.  Meflengers  are  free 
'  in  all  Nations  throughout  the  World,  by  a  particu- 
'  lar  Token.  Now  Brethren  at  Allegheny,  I  defire 
'  you  will  join  with  me  in  keeping  the  Road  open, 
'  and  let  us  know  in  what  Manner  we  may  come  t'ree 
'  to  you,  and  what  the  Token  fhall  be.  1  join  both 
'  my  Hands  to  yours  and  will  do  all  in  my  Power  to 
'  keep  the  Road  open. 

A  Belt  of  7  Rows. 

*  Now,  Brethren  at  Allegheny,  hear  what  I  fay. 
'  Every  one  that  lays  hold  of  this  Belt  of  Peace,  I 
'proclaim  Peace  to  them  from  the  Engli/h  Nation, 
'  and  let  you  know  that  the  great  King  of  England 
'does  not  incline  to  have  War  with  the  Indians,  but 
'  he  wants  to  live  in  Peace  and  Love  with  them,  if 

they 


1     •< 


:,l    '     '1'"^! 


5    -M 


(  148 ) 

*  they  will  lay  down  the  Hatchet  and  leave  off  War 
'againft  him. 

'  Wc  love  you  farther;  we  let  you  kno\7  that  the 
'great  King  of  luig/and  has  fent  a  great  Number  of 
'  Warriors  into  this  Country,  not  to  go  to  war  againft 
'the  bniians  in  their  Towns,  no  not  at  all; — Thefe 
'  Warriots  are  going  againft  the  French^  they  are  on  the 
'  March  to  the  Ohio  to  revenge  the  Blood  they  have 

*  fhed.  And  by  this  Belt  I  take  you  by  the  Hand,  and 
'  lead  you  at  a  Diftance  from  the  French^  for  your  own 

*  Safety,  that  your  Legs  may  not  be  ftained  with  Blood. 

*  Come  away  on  this  Side  of  the  Mountain,  where  we 
'  may  oftner  converfe  together,  and  where  your  own 

*  Flefh  and  Blood  lives.     We  look  upon  you  as  our 

*  Countrymen  that  fprung  out  of  the  fame  Ground  with 
'us;  we  think  therefore  that  it  is  our  Duty  to  take 
'  Care  of  you,  and  we  in  brotherly  Loye  advife  you  to 
'  come  away  with  your  whole  Nation,  and  as  many  of 
'  your  Friends  as  you  can  get  to  follow  you.  We  don't 
'  come  to  hurt  you,  we  love  you,  therefore  we  do  not 
'  call  you  to  War,  that  you  may  be  (lain, — W^hat  Bene- 
'  fit  will  it  be  to  you  to  go  to  war  with  your  own  Flefti 
'  and  Blood?  We  wifli  you  may  live  without  Fear  or 
'  Danger  with  your  Women  and  Children. 

"The  large  Peace  Belt. 

*  Brethren,  I  have  almoft  finiftied  what  I  had  to 
'  fay,  and  hope  it  will  be  to  your  Satisfaiftion ;  my 
'  WiHi  is  that  we  may  join  clofe  together  in  that  old 
'  brotherly  Love  and  Friendfhip  which  our  Grand- 
'  fathers  had,  fo  that  a'  'he  Nations  may  hear  and 
'  fee  us  and  have  the  Ben  >;  of  it ;  and  if  you  have 
'any  Unealinefs  or  Cor  ^.  'int  in  your  Heart  and 
'  Mind,  do  not  keep  it  o  yourfelf  We  have  opened 
'the  Road  to  the  Coun  il-Fire,  therefore  my  Brethren 
'  come  and  acquaint  tl"  ^  Governor  of  it ;  you  will  be 
'  readily  heard  and  fuil  Juftice  done  you. 

A  Belt. 


Bre- 


Var 


(   '49  ) 

*  Brethren, 

*  One  Thing  I  muft  bring  to  your  Remembrance. 

*  You  know  if  any  Body  lofes  a  little  Thild,  or  fome 

*  Body  takes  it  from  him,  he  cannot  .  ..^y,  he  will 
'think  on  his  Child  by  Day  and  Night:  Since  our 
'  Flefh  and  Blood  is  in  Captivity  in  the  Indian  Towns, 
*we  defire  you  will  rejoice  the  Country's  Heart  and 
'  bring  them  to  me,  1  ihall  ftretch  out  my  Arms  to 

*  receive  you  kindly. 

A  String. 

After  I  had  done,  I  left  my  Belts  and  Strings  ftill 
before  them.  The  Delawares  took  them  all  up,  and 
laid  them  before  the  Mingoes'',  upon  which  they  rofe 
up  and  fpoke  as  follows. 

'  Cbau,  What  I  have  heard  pleafes  me  well,  I  don't 
'  know  why  I  go  to  war  againft  the  Engli/li.  NoqueSy 
'What  do  you  think?     You  muft  be  ftrong.     I  did 

*  not  begin  the  War,  therefore  I  have  little  to  fay,  but 
'  whatever  you  agree  to  I  will  do  the  fame.'  Then  he 
addrefled  himfelf  to  the  Sbawanefe^  and  faid,  '  You 
'  brought  the  Hatchet  to  us  from  the  French,  and 
'  perfuaded  us  to  ftrike  our  Brothers  the  Englijh\  you 
'  may  confider  (laying  the  Belts,  ^c.  before  them,) 
'  wherefore  you  have  done  this.' 

The  Shawanefe  acknowledged  they  received  the 
Hatchet  from  the  French,  who  perfuaded  them  to 
ftrike  the  EngliJJi ;  that  they  would  now  fend  the  Belts 
to  all  the  Indians,  and  in  twelve  Days  would  meet  again. 

Prefent  at  this  Council,  Three  hundred  French  and 
Indians.  They  all  took  Leave  and  went  over  again 
to  the  Fort,  but  my  Companions  who  were  about 
Seventy  in  Number. 

Shamokin  Daniel  who  came  with  me,  went  over  to  the 
Fort  by  himfelf  (which  my  Companions  difapproved 
of)  and  counfelled  with  the  Governor;  who  prefented 
him  with  a  laced  Coat  and  Hat,  a  Blanket,  Shirts, 


*  The  Six  Nation  Indians. 


Rib- 


.  li 


(  »5o  ) 
Ribbons,  a  new  Gun,  Powder,  Lead,  i^c.  When  he  re- 
turned he  was  quite  changed,  and  faid,  'See  here  you 
'  Fools,  what  the  French  have  given  me.  I  was  in  Phi- 
'  ladelpbia  and  never  received  a  Farthing;  and  (direfting 
'  himfelf  to  nie)  faid,  the  Knglijh  are  Fools  and  fo  are 
'you.*  In  fhort,  he  behaved  in  a  very  proud,  faucy 
and  imperious  Manner.  He  further  faid,  the  Knglijh 
never  give  the  Indians  any  Powder,  and  that  the  French 
would  have  given  him  a  Horfe-Load  if  he  would  have 
taken  it;  'See  that  young  Man  there,  he  was  in  Phila- 
'  delpbia  and  never  got  any  Thing;  I  will  take  him  over 
'to  the  French  and  get  fome  Cloathing  for  him.' 

Three  Indians  informed  me,  that  as  foon  as  the 
French  got  over,  they  called  a  Council  with  their  own 
Indians^  among  whom  there  happened  accidentally  to 
be  a  Delaware  Captain,  who  was  privately  invited  by 
one  of  his  Acquaintances  to  hear  what  the  French  had 
to  fay;  and  when  they  were  aflembled,  the  French 
fpoke  as  follows: 

'  My  Children,  now  we  are  alone,  hearken  to  what 
*  I  have  to  fay.  I  perceive  the  Delawares  are  wavering; 
'  they  incline  to  the  Knglijh^  and  will  be  faithful  to  us 
'  no  longer.  Now  all  their  Chiefs  are  here,  and  but  a 
'  handful,  let  us  cut  them  off,  and  then  we  fhall  be 
'  troubled  with  them  no  longer.*  Then  the  Taivaas 
anfwered.  No,  'We  can't  do  this  Thing;  for,  though 
'there  is  but  a  Handful  here,  the  Delawares  are  a 
'  ftrong  People,  and  are  fpread  to  a  great  Diftance, 
'  and  whatever  they  do  agree  to,  muft  be.' 

This  Afternoon,  in  Council,  on  the  other  Side  of 
the  River,  the  French  infifted  that  I  muft  be  delivered 
up  to  them,  and  that  it  was  not  lawful  for  me  to  go 
away;  which  occafioned  a  (Quarrel  between  them  and 
the  Indians^  who  immediately  came  away  and  croffed 
the  River  to  me;  and  fome  of  them  let  me  know, 
that  Daniel  had  received  a  String  from  the  French  to 
leave  me  there;  but  'twas  to  no  Purpofe,  for  they 
would  not  give  their  Confent;  and  then  agreed,  that 
I  ftiould  fet  off  before  Day  the  next  Morning. 

27th. 


MM 


3   . 


he  re- 

c  vou 

II  P/m- 

cding 

Co  are 

fancy 

'Mglijh 

rcnch 

have 

I'hila- 

over 


(    151   ) 

27th.  Accordingly  1  fet  out  before  day,  with  fix 
Indians^  and  took  another  Road  that  we  might  not  be 
feen;  the  main  Body  told  me  they  would  ftay  behind, 
to  know  whether  the  French  would  make  an  Attempt 
to  take  me  by  Force ;  that  if  they  did,  they  the  Indians 
would  endeavour  to  prevent  their  eroding  the  River, 
and  coming  fecretly  upon  me.  Juft  as  I  fet  off  the 
French  fired  all  their  great  Guns,  it  being  Sunday  (I 
counted  nineteen)  and  concluded  they  did  the  fame 
every  Sabbath.  We  pafled  thro'  three  Shawancfe 
Towns,  the  Indians  appeared  very  proud  to  fee  me 
return,  and  we  arrived  about  Night  at  Sawcunk,  where 
they  were  likewife  very  glad  to  fee  me  return.  Here 
I  met  with  the  two  Captains,  who  treated  me  fo  un- 
civilly before;  they  now  received  me  very  kindly  and 
accepted  of  my  Hand  and  apologized  for  their  former 
rude  Behaviour.  Their  Names  are  Ktickquetackton 
and  KlUbuck.     They  faid, 

*  Brother,  we  in  behalf  of  the  People  of  Sawcunk 

*  defire  that  you  will  hold  faft  what  you  have  begun, 
'  and  be  ftrong'-'.  We  are  but  little  and  poor,  and 
'  therefore  cannot  do  much.  You  are  rich,  and  muft 
'  go  on  and  be  ftrong.     We  have  done  all  in  our 

*  Power  towards  bringing  about  a  Peace:  We  have 
'  had  a  great  (2uarrel  about  you  with  the  French,  but 

*  we  don't  mind  them.     Do  you  make  hafte,  and  be 

*  ftrong,  and  let  us  fee  you  again.'  The  faid  Killbuck 
is  a  great  Captain  and  Conjurer;  he  defired  me  to 
mention  him  to  the  Governor;  and  afk  him  if  he 
would  be  pleafed  to  fend  him  a  good  Saddle  by  the 
next  Meflenger;  and  that  he  would  do  all  in  his 
Power  for  the  Service  of  the  Ett^lijh. 

28th.  We  fet  out  from  Sawciwk,  in  Company  with 
twenty,  for  Kujhcujhkee\  on  the  Road  Shingas  addrefled 
himfelf  to  me,  and  alked,  if  I  did  not  think,  that  if 
he  came  to  the  Englijfi  they  would  hang  him,  as  they 


*  That  is,  go  on  ilcadily  witli  this  good  Work  of  crtablilhing  a 
Peace. 

had 


M 


*     ! 


5    i 


(  «52  ) 
had  offered  a  great  Reward  for  Iiis  Head.  He  fpoke 
in  a  very  foft  and  eafy  Manner.  I  told  hini,  that  was 
a  great  while  ago,  'twas  all  forgotten  and  wipiil  clean 
away;  that  the  Etif^lijh  would  receive  him  very  kind- 
ly.  Then    Daniel  interruptcil    me,    and   faid    to 

Shingas,  'Don't  believe  him,  he  tells  nothing  but  idle 
'lying  Stories.  Wherefore  did  the  Knglijh  hire  I200 
'  Indians''^'  to  kill  us.'  I  protefteti  it  was  falfe  ;  he  faid, 
'  G-d  d — n  youf  for  a  Fool;  did  not  you  fee  the 
'  Woman  lying  in  the  Road  that  was  killed  by  the 
'  Indians  that  the  Englijh  hired.'  I  faid,  *  Brother,  do 
'  conlider  how  many  thoufmd  Indians  the  French  have 
'hired  to  kill  the  Englijh,  and  how  many  they  have 
'  killed   along  our   Frontiers.'       Then   Daniel  faid, 

'  D n  you,  why  don't  you  and  the  French  fight 

'  on  the  Sea  ?  You  come  here  only  to  cheat  the  poor 
^Indians,  and  take  their  Land  from  them."  Then 
Shingas  told  him  to  be  ftill,  for  he  d'd  not  know  what 
he  faid.  We  arrived  at  Kujhcujhkee  before  Night,  and 
I  informed  Pifqiietumen  of  Daniel\  Behaviour,  at 
which  he  appeared  forry. 

29th.  I  dined  with  Shingas  \  he  told  me,  tho'  the 
Englijh  had  fet  a  great  Price  on  h  .  Head,  he  had 
never  thought  to  revenge  himfelf,  but  was  always  very 
kind  to  any  Prifoners  that  were  brought  in;  and  that 
he  afTured  the  Governor,  he  would  do  all  in  his  Power 
to  bring  about  an  eftablifh'd  Peace,  and  wiflied  he 
could  be  certain  of  the  Englijh  being  in  earneft. 

Then  ((twtn  Chiefs  prefent  faid,  when  the  Governor 
fends  the  next  Meflenger,  let  him  fend  two  or  three 
white  Men  at  leaft  to  confirm  the  Thing,  and  not 
fend  fuch  a  Man  as  Daniel \  they  did  not  underftand 
him,  he  always  fpeaks,  faid  they,  as  if  he  was  drunk  ; 
and  if  a  great  many  of  them  hail  not  known  me,  they 
fhould  not  know  what  to  think;  for  every  Thing  1 

*  The  Chcrokces,  meaning. 

■)■  Some  of  the  firll  Englijh  Speech  that  the   hiclians  learn  from 
tlie  Traders  in  Swearing. 

faid. 


,   at 

the 
had 


(  153  ) 
faid,  he  con  trad  idled.  I  afTurcd  them  I  would  faith- 
fully inform  the  Governor  of  what  they  faid,  and  they 
fliould  fee,  as  MeiTengers,  otherguife  Indians  than 
Daniel  for  the  ti  e  to  come;  and  I  farther  informed 
them,  that  he  was  not  fent  by  the  Governor,  but  came 
of  his  own  Accord,  and  I  would  endeavour  to  prevent 
his  coming  again. — Daniel  demanded  of  me  his  Pay, 
and  I  gave  him  three  Dollars,  and  he  took  as  much 
Wampum  from  me  as  he  pleafed,  and  would  not  fufFer 
me  to  count  it.  I  imagined  there  was  about  two  thou- 
fand. 

About  Night,  nine  Tawaas  pad  by  here  in  their 
Way  to  the  French  Fort. 

30th  and  31ft.  The  Indians  feafted  greatly,  during 
which  time  1  feveral  Times  begged  of  them  to  confider 
and  difpatch  me. 

September  ift.  S/jingas,  King-Beaver,  Delaware- 
George,  and  Pifquetumen  with  feveral  other  Captains, 
faid  to  me,   'Brother,  we  have  thought  a  great  deal 

*  fince  God  has  brought  you  to  us,  and  this  is  a  Matter 

*  of  great  Confequence  which  we  can't  readily  anfwer; 
'  we  think  on  it,  and  will  anfwer  you  as  foon  as  we  can. 

*  Our  Feaft  hinders  us;  all  our  young  Men,  Women 

*  and  Children  are  glad  to  fee  you:  before  you  came 
'  they  all  agreed  together  to  go  and  join  the  French, 
'  but  fince  they  have  ff^tw  you  they  all  draw  back;  'tho 
'  we  have  great  Reafon  to  believe,  you  intend  to  drive 

*  us  away  and  \;ttle  the  Country,  or  else  why  do  you 

*  come  to  fight  in  the  Land  that  God  has  given  us.' 

I  faid,  we  did  not  intend  to  take  the  Land  from 
them,  but  only  to  drive  the  French  away;  they  faid 
they  knew  better,  for  that  they  were  informed  fo  by 
one  of  our  greateft  Traders,  and  fome  Juftices  of  the 
Peace  had  told  them  the  fame,  and  the  French,  faid 
they,  tell  us  much  the  fame  Thing,  '  That  the  Englijh 

*  intend  to  deftroy  us  and  take  our  Lands  from  us, 
'  but  that  they  are  come  only  to  defend  us  and  our 
'  Lands;  but  the  Land  is  ours,  and  not  theirs,  there- 

*  fore  we  fay,  if  you  will  be  at  Peace  v/ith  us,  we  will 

u  '  fend 


:  ) 


i1'- 

1  i 

t 

lll 

i 

'  i 

t 

r 
f 

1     '      -r 

(  >54  ) 
fend  the  French  home.  'Tis  you  that  have  begun 
the  War,  ami  'tis  neceflary  that  you  hold  faft  and 
he  not  difcouraged  in  the  Work  of  I'eace.  We  love 
you  more  than  you  love  us;  for  when  we  take  any 
Prifoiiers  from  you,  we  treat  them  as  our  own  Chil- 
dren. We  are  poor,  and  yet  we  cloath  them  as  well 
as  we  can,  tho  you  fee  our  own  Children  are  as 
naked  as  at  the  firft.  By  this  you  may  fee  that  our 
Hearts  are  better  than  yours.  "I'is  plain  that  you 
white  People  are  the  Caufe  of  this  War;  why  don't 
you  and  the  French  fight  in  the  old  Country,  and 
on  the  Sea?  Why  do  you  come  to  fight  on  our 
Land?  This  makes  every  Body  believe  you  want 
to  take  the  Land  from  us,  by  force,  anil  fettle  it'''.' 
I  told  them,  '  Brothers,  as  for  my  part  I  have  not 
one  Koot  of  Land,  nor  do  I  defire  to  have  any; 
and  if  I  had  any  Land,  I  had  rather  give  it  to  you, 
than  take  any  from  you.  Ves,  Brother,  if  I  dye, 
you  will  get  a  little  more  Land  from  me,  for  I  fliall 
then  no  longer  walk  on  that  Ground  which  God 
has  made.  We  told  you  that  you  fliould  keep 
nothing  in  your  Heart,  but  bring  it  before  the 
Council  Fire,  and  before  the  Governor  and  his 
Council,  they  will  readily  hear  you;  and  I  promife 
you,  what  they  anfwer  they  will  ftand  to.  I  further 
read  to  you  what  Agreements  they  made  about  IVy- 
oming']',  and  they  ftand  to  them.' 


m 


i 


*  The  Ifiiliiins  having  plenty  of  Land,  are  no  Niggards  ot'  it. 
They  loinetimes  give  large  Tradts  to  their  Friends  freely,  and  when 
they  fell  it,  they  make  moil  generous  Bargains.  But  lome  frathlu- 
Icnt  Punhaj'ts,  in  which  they  were  grofly  iinpoled  on,  and  loine 
violent  Iritrujions,  imprudently  and  wickedly  made  without  Purehale, 
have  rendered  them  jealous  that  we  intend  finally  to  take  all  from 
them  by  Force.  We  iliould  endeavour  to  recover  our  Credit  with 
them  bv  fair  Purchafes  and  honcll  Payments;  and  then  there  is  no 
doubt  but  they  will  readily  fell  us  at  reafonable  Rates  as  much  from 
Time  to  Time  as  we  can  poHibly  have  occafion  for. 

■\  The  Agreement  made  with  'rced^ujcung  that  he  fliould  enjoy 
the  Wyoming  Lands,  and  have  Houfes  built  there  for  him  and  his 
People. 

Thev 


(   >5S  ) 

They  faid,  'Brother,  your  Heart  is  good,  you 
fpcak  always  finccrcly,  hut  wc  know  there  are  always 
a  fjreat  Number  of  People  that  want  to  get  rich, 
they  never  have  enough:  Look,  we  <}  m't  want  to 
be  rich  and  take  away  that  which  others  have.  God 
has  given  you  the  tame  Creatures,  we  dont  want  to 
take  them  from  you.  God  has  given  to  r-s  the  D-^er, 
and  other  wild  Creatures,  which  we  muil  feed  on  ; 
and  we  rejoice  in  that  which  fprings  out  of  the 
Ground,  and  thank  God  for  it.  Look  no"-  my 
Brother,  the  white  People  think  we  have  no  '.ir.iiis 
in  our  Heads,  but  that  they  are  great  and  hi ;,  and 
that  makes  them  make  War  with  us:  We  are  but  a 
little  handful  to  what  you  are;  but  remember,  when 
you  look  for  a  wild  Turkey  you  can't  always  rind 
It,  'tis  fo  little  it  hides  itfelf  under  the  Buflies:  And 
when  you  hunt  for  a  Kattle-Snake,  you  cannot  find 
it;  and  perhaps  it  will  bite  you  before  you  fee  it. 
I  lowever,  fince  you  are  fo  great  and  big,  and  we  fo 
little,  do  you  uie  your  Greatnefs  and  Strength  in 
compleating  this  Work  of  Peace.  This  is  the  firft 
Time  that  we  faw  or  heard  of  you  fince  the  War 
begun,  and  we  have  great  Reafoii  io  chink  about  it, 
fince  fuch  a  great  Body'''  of  you  comes  in  our  Lands. 
It  is  told  us,  that  you  and  the  French  contrived  the 
War  to  wafte  the  Indians  between  you,  and  that  you 
and  the  French  intended  .o  divide  the  Land  between 
you:  This  was  told  us  by  the  chief  of  the  Indian 
Traders  ;  and  th.  y  faid  further,  Brothers,  this  is  the 
laft  Time  we  fliall  come  among  you,  for  the  French 
and  Enj^lijh  intend  to  kill  all  the  Indians^  and  then 
divide  the  Lands  amongfl:  themfelves.'     Then  they 

addrefled  themfelves  to  me,  and  faid,  '  Brother,  I  fup- 
pofe  you  know  fomething  about  it,  or  has  the  Gover- 
nor flopped  your  Mouth  that  you  cannot  tell  us.' 
Then  I  faid,  '  Brothers,  I  am  very  forry  to  fee  you 

*  fo  jealous.     I  am  your  own  Flefh  and  Blood,  and 


The  Army  under  General  Forbes. 


fooncr 


;; 

\ 

, 

■  (       i 

■■ 

; 

1 

•; 

1 

i 

if 


fr  111 


Ir.     I 


(   ^5^  ) 

*  fooner  than  1  would  tell  you  any  Story,  that  would 
'  be  of  hurt  to  you  or  your  Children,  I  would  fuffer 
'  Death;  and  if  I  did  not  know,  that  it  was  the  De- 

*  fire  of  the  Governor,  that  we  fhould  ren','v.  our  old 
'  brotherly  Love  and  Friendfhip  that  fubfifted  between 
'  our  Grandfathers,  I  would  not  have  undertaken  this 
'  Journev.  I  do  aflure  you  of  mine  and  the  People's 
'honefty.  If  the  French  had  not  been  here,  the  En- 
^ glijh  would  not  have  come;  and  confider.  Brothers, 
'how  many  People  have  been  killed,  fince  the  French 
'  have  been  here,  and  then  confider,  Brothers,  whether 
'  in  fuch  a  Cafe  we  can  always  fit  ftill.' 

They  then  faid,  *  'Tis  a  thoufand  Pities  we  did 
'not  know  this  fooner;    if  we  had,  it  would  have 

*  been  Peace  long  before  now.' 

Then  I  faid,  'My  Brothers,  I  know  you  have 
'been  wrongly  perfuaded  by  many  wicked  People; 
'  for  you  mull  know,  there  are  a  great  many  Papifts 
'in  the  Countrv  in  French  Intereft,  who  appear  like 
'  Gentlemen,  and  have  fent  many  runaway  Irijh  Pa- 
'  pifts  Servants''' among  you,  who  have  put  bad  No- 
'  tions  into  your  Heads,  and  flrengthened  you  againft 
'your  Brothers  the  Englijh. — Brothers,  J  beg  that 
'you  would  not  believe  every  idle  and  falfe  Story, 
'that  ill  defigning  People  may  bring  to  you,  againft 
'  us  your  Brothers.  Let  us  not  hearken  to  what  lying 
'  and  foolifli  People  fay,  but  let  us  hear  what  wife  and 
'good  People  fay,  they  will  tell  us  what's  good  for 
'us  and  our  Children.' 

Mem.  There  are  a  great  Number  of  Ir'tjh  Traders 
now  among  the  Indians^  who  have  always  endeavour- 
ed to  fpirit  up  the  Indians  againft  the  Englijh\  which 
made  Ibme,  that  I  was  acquainted  with  from  their 


'..^  ^  ._^ 


*  The  Ind'uw  Traders  ufed  to  buy  the  tranfportcd  Irip:)  and 
other  Coiivids  as  Servants,  to  be  employed  in  carrying  up  the 
Goods  among  the  Ifidians:  Many  of  thole  ran  awa\-  from  their 
Mailers  and  joined  the  hidians.  The  ill  Behaviour  ot  thefe  People 
has  always  hurt  the  Character  of  the  Englijh  among  the  htJians. 

Infancv, 


(  157  ) 
Infancy,  defire  the  Chiefs  to  enquire  of  me,  for  that 
they  were  certain  I  would  fpeak  the  Truth. 

Pifquetumen  now  told  me,  we  could  not  go  to  the 
General,  that  it  was  very  dangerous,  the  French  hav- 
ing fent  out  feveral  Scouts  to  wait  for  me  on  the 
Road. — And  farther,  Pifquetumen  told  me,  'twas  a 
Pity  the  Governor  had  no  Ear''  to  bring  him  in  In- 
telligence; that  the  French  had  three  Ears,  whom 
they  rewarded  with  great  Prefents;  and  fignified,  that 
he  and  Shingas  would  be  Ears  at  the  Service  of  his 
Honour  if  he  pleafed. 

2d.  I  bad  Shingas  to  make  hafte  and  difpatch  me, 
and  once  more  defired  to  know  of  them,  if  it  was 
pofTible  for  them  to  guide  me  to  the  General.  Of 
all  which  they  told  me  they  would  confider;  and 
Shingas  gave  me  his  Hand  and  faid,  'Brother,  the 
'  next  Time  you  come  I  will  return  with  you  to 
*  Philadelphia^  and  will  do  all  in  my  Power  to  prevent 
'  any  Body's  coming  to  hurt  the  Englijh  more." 

3d.  To  Day  I  found  myfelf  unwell,  and  made  a 
little  Tea,  which  refrefhed  me.  Had  many  very 
pretty  Difcourfes  with  George.  In  the  Afternoon 
they  called  a  Council  together  and  gave  me  the  fol- 
lowing Anfwer  in  Council;  the  Speaker  addreffing 
the  Governor  and  People  oi  Pennjyhania: 

*  Brethren,  it  is  a  great  many  Days  fince  we  have 
^  Jeen  and  heard  youf.  I  now  fpeak  to  you  in  Behalf 
'  of  all  the  Nations  that  have  heard  you  heretofore. 
'  Brethren,  it  is  the  firft  Meflage  which  we  have  feen 
'  or  heard  from  you.     Brethren,  you  have  talked  of 

*  No  Spy  among  his  Enemies. 

t  That  is,  Since  uc  had  a  friendly  Intcrcourfe  with  each  other. 
The  frequent  Repetition  of  the  Word  Brethren,  is  the  Effeft  of 
their  Rules  of  Politcnefs,  which  enjoin  in  all  Converfations  a  con- 
ftant  Remembrance  of  the  Relation  fubfilling  between  the  Parties, 
efpecially  where  that  Relation  implies  any  Afteftion  or  Refpeft. 
It  is  like  the  perpetual  Repetitions  among  us  of  Sir,  or  Mndam, 
or  pur  LordflAp.  In  the  iame  Manner  the  Indians  at  every  Sen- 
tence repeat.  My  Father,  my  Uncle,  my  Coujin,  my  Brother,  my 
Friend,  &c. 

*  that 


rf 


/ 


I! 


il 


;j:^f 


iU':!. 


lie 


fi  r 


1 1\  \i 


•I!  S 


_  1 

s 

:i 

E 

1 

1 

'  '  ■         : 

,f                                .' 

,      ;                       'f 

' 

1 

lilif' 


(   '58  ) 
'  that  Peace  and  Friendfhip  which  we  had  formerly 
you.     Brethren,  we  tell  you  to  be  ftrong,  and 


wi 


th 


'  always  remember  that  Friendftiip  which  we  had  for- 
'  merly.  Brethren,  we  defire  you  would  be  ftrong, 
'and  let  us  once  more  hear  of  our  good  Friendfhip 
'  and  Peace  we  had  formerly.  Brethren,  we  defire 
*  that  you  make  hafte  and  let  us  foon  hear  of  you 
'again;  for  as  yet  we  have  not  heard  you  rightly. 

Gives  a  String. 
'Brethren,  hear  what  I  have  to  fay:  Look, 
Brethren,  we  who  have  now  feen  and  heard  you, 
we  who  are  prefent  are  Part  of  all  the  feveral  Na- 
tions that  heard  you  fome  Days  ago;  we  fee  that 
you  are  forry  we  have  not  that  Friendfhip  we  for- 
merly had. — 

'  Look,  Brethren,  we  at  Allegheny  are  likewife  forry 
we  have  not  that  Friendftiip  with  you  we  formerly 
had.  Brethren,  we  long  for  that  Peace  and  Friend- 
fhip we  had  formerly.  Brethren,  it  is  good  that 
you  defire  that  Friendftiip  that  was  formerly  among 
our  Fathers  and  Grandfathers.  Brethren,  we  will 
tell  you,  you  muft  not  let  that  PViendftiip  be  quite 
loft  which  was  formerly  between  us.  Now,  Bre- 
thren, it  is  three  Years  fince  we  dropt  that  Peace 
and  Friendfhip  which  we  formerly  had  with  you. 
Brethren,  it  was  dropt,  and  lay  buried  in  the 
Ground  where  you  and  I  ftand,  in  the  Middle  be- 
tween us  both.  Brethren,  I  fee  you  have  digged 
up  and  revived  that  Friendfhip  which  was  buried 
in  the  Ground;  and  now  you  have  it,  hold  it  faft. 
Do  be  ftrong,  Brethren,  and  exert  yourfelves,  that 
that  Friendftiip  may  be  well  eftabliflied  and  finifhed 
between  us.  Brethren,  if  you  will  be  ftrong,  it  is 
in  your  Power  to  finifti  that  Peace  and  Friendftiip 
well.  Therefore,  Brethren,  we  defire  you  to  be 
ftrong  and  eftablifh  it,  and  make  known  to  all  the 
Englijh  this  Peace  and  Friendftiip,  that  it  may  em- 
brace all  and  cover  all.  As  you  are  of  one  Nation 
and  Colour  in  all  the  Englijh  Governments,  fo  let 

'the 


(  159  ) 
'  the  Peace  be  the  fame  with  all.     Brethren,  when 
'  you  have  finifhed  this  Peace  which  you  have  begun; 
'  when  it  is  known  every  where  amongft  your  Bre- 
'  thren,  and  you   have  everywhere  agreed  together 

*  on   this    Peace  and  Friendfhip,  then   you  will  be 
'  pleafed  to  fend  the  great  Peace- Belt  to  us  at  the 

*  Allegheny. 

*  Brethren,  when  you  have  fettled  this  Peace  and 
'  Friendfhip,  and  finifhed  it  well,  and  you  fend  the 
'  great  Peace-Belt  to  me,  I  will  fend  it  to  all  the 
'  Nations  of  my  Colour,  they  will  all  join  to  it  and 

*  we  all  will  hold  it  fafl. 

*  Breth'-en,  when  all  the  Nations  join  to  this 
'  Friendftiip,  then  the  Day  will  begin  to  fhine  clear 
'  over  us.     When  we  hear  once  more  of  you,  and 

*  we  join  together,  then  the  Day  will  be  flill,  and  no 
'  Wind  or  Storm  will  come  over  us  to  difturb  us. 
'  Now,  Brethren,  you  know  our  Hearts  and  what 
'we  have   to  fay;   be  ftrong;    if  you   do  what  we 

*  have  now  told  you,  in  this  Peace  all  the  Nations 
'  agree   to  join.     Now,   Brethren,  let   the   King  of 

*  England  know  what  our  Mind  is  as  foon  as  poffibly 
'  you  can'''." 

Gives  a  Belt  of  eight  Rows. 

I  received  the  above  Speech  and  Belt  from  the 
underwritten,  who   are    all   Captains  and  Counfel- 

lors. 

Captain  Peter, 

Macomal, 

Popauce, 

fVa/liaocautaut, 

Cochquacaukehlton, 

John  HickomeUy  and 

Kill  Buck. 

Delaware 


Beaver,  King. 

Delaware  George, 

Pifquetomen, 

Tajucamin, 

Awakanomin, 

Cujhawmekwy, 

Keyheynapalin, 


*  In  this  Speech  the  Intlinns  carefully  guard  the  Honour  of 
their  Nation,  by  frequently  intimating,  that  the  Peace  is  fought  by 
the  Englijh.  '  You  have  talked  of  Peace:  You  are  forry  for  the  War : 
'  You  haz'f  digged  up  the  Peace  that  zcas  /juried,'  Sec.     Then  they 

declare 


(1: 


III 


t 


!       V 


^ 


i!;:#i:H 


(   i6o  ) 

Delaware  George  fpoke  as  follows: 
'  Look,   Brothers,  we  are  here  of  three  different 
Nations.    I  am  of  the  Unami  Nation:  I  have  heard 
all  the  Speeches  that  you  have  made  to  us  with  the 
many  other  Nations. 

'  Brothers,  you  did  let  us  know,  that  every  one 
that  takes  hold  of  this  Peace-Belt,  you  would  take 
them  by  the  Hand  and  lead  them  to  the  Council 
Fire  where  our  Grandfathers  kept  good  Councils. 
So  foon  as  I  heard  this,  I  took  hold  of  it. 

'  Brother,  I  now  let  you  know  that  my  Heart  never 
was  parted  from  you.  I  am  forry  that  I  fhould  make 
Friendfhip  with  the  French  againft  ihe  Englijh.  I  now 
affure  you  my  Heart  flicks  clofe  to  the  £«!{•///// 1  ntereft. 
One  of  our  great  Captains,  when  he  heard  it,  he  im- 
mediately took  hold  of  it  as  well  as  myfelf  Now, 
my  Brother,  I  let  you  know  that  you  fhall  foon  fee 
me  by  your  Council  Fire,  and  then  I  (hall  hear  from 
you  myfelf  the  plain  Truth  in  every  refped. 

'  I  love  that  which  is  good,  like  as  our  Grandfathers 
did:  They  chofe  to  fpeak  the  Sentiments  of  their 
Mind:  All  the^i'^  Nations  know  me,  and  know  that 
I  always  fpoke  Truth;  and  fo  you  fliall  find,  when 
I  come  to  your  Council  Fire.' 

Gives  a  String. 
The  above  Delaware  George  had  in  Company  with 
him 

Cu/Jiawmekwy,  John  Peter^ 

Kehkehnopatiny  Stinfeor. 

Captain  Peter ^ 
4th.  Prefent  ^'///w^rtj,  King  Beaver,  Pijquetumen,  and 
feveral  others.     I  a(ked  what  they  meant  by  faying 
they  had  not  rightly  heard  me  yet.    They  faid,  '  Brother, 


declare  their  Rcadincfs  to  grant  Peace,  if  the  Englifl:  agree  to  its 
being  general  for  all  the  Colonics.  The  Indian  Word,  that  is 
tranflatcd  be  Jlrong,  fo  often  repeated,  is  an  Exprefllon  they  ufe  to 
fpirit  up  Fcrlbns  who  have  undertaken  lomc  diificult  Talk,  as  to 
lit't  or  move  a  great  Weight,  or  execute  a  diHicult  Entcrpri/,e; 
nearly  equivalent  to  our  Word  Courage!  Courage! 

*  vou 


(  i6i  ) 

you  very  well  know  that  you  have  coUeded  all  your 
young  Men  about  the  Country,  which  makes  a  large 
Body*;  and  now  they  are  (landing  before  our  Dooryfy 
you  come  with  good  News  and  fine  Speeches.  Bro- 
ther, this  iswhat  makes  us  jealous,  and  we  don't  know 
what  to  think  of  it :  If  you  had  brought  the  News  of 
Peace  before  your  Army  had  begun  to  march,  it 
would  have  caufed  a  great  deal  more  good.  We  don't 
fo  readily  believe  you,  becaufe  a  great  many  great 
Men  and  Traders  have  told  us,  long  before  the  War, 
that  you  and  the  French  intended  to  join  and  cut  all 
the  Indians  off.  Thefe  were  People  of  your  own 
Colour  and  your  own  Country  Men;  and  fome  told 
us  to  join  the  French,  for  that  they  would  be  our 
Fathers:  Befides,  many  Runaways  have  told  us  the 
fame  Story;  and  fome  we  took  Prifoners  told  us  how 
you  would  ufe  us  if  you  caught  us;  Therefore,  Bro- 
ther, I  fay,  we  can't  conclude  at  this  Time,  but  muft 
fee  and  hear  you  once  more.'  And,  further,  they  faid, 
Now,  Brother,  you  are  here  with  us,  you  are  our 
Flefli  and  Blood,  fpeak  from  the  Bottom  of  your 
Heart,  will  not  the  French  and  Engli/h  join  together 
to  cut  off  the  Indians \  fpeak.  Brother,  from  your 
Heart  and  tell  us  the  Truth,  and  let  us  know  who 
were  the  Beginners  of  the  War.' 
Then  I  delivered  myfelf  thus : 

*  Brothers,  I  love  you  from  the  bottom  of  my  Heart. 
I  am  extremely  forry  to  fee  the  Jealoufy  fo  deeply 
rooted  in  your  Hearts  and  Minds.  1  have  told  you 
the  Truth;  and  yet,  if  I  was  to  tell  it  you  a  hundred 
Times,  it  feems  you  would  not  rightly  believe  me. 
My  Indian  Brothers,  I  wifh  you  would  draw  your 
Hearts  to  God,  that  He  may  convince  you  of  the 
Truth. 

*  1  do  now  declare  before  God,  that  the  Englijh  never 
did,  nor  never  will,  join  with  the  French  to  deftroy 
you.    As  far  as  1  know,  the  French  are  the  Beginners 


■  ^  1 


H 


*  Meaning  General  Forbes\  Army, 
t  /  e.  Juil  ready  to  enter  our  Country. 


of 


.'■f 


^\l\ 


'I 
/ 


i'-lJ    ■ 


(   i62  ) 

*  of  this  War. — Brothers,  about  twelve  Years  ago, 
'  you  may  remember  they  had  War  with  the  Eng/i/Zi, 
'  and  they  both  had  agreed  to  Articles  of  Peace.  The 
'  EngliJJi  gave  up  Cape  Breton  in  Acadia^  but  the  French 

*  never  gave  up  the  Part  of  that  Country  which  they 
'  had  agreed  to  give  up,  and  in  a  very  little  Time  made 

*  their  Children  flrike  the  Englijh.    This  was  the  firft 

*  Caufeof  the  War.   Now,  Brothers,  if  any  Body  ftrike 

*  you  three  Times,  one  after  another,  you  ftill  fit  ftill 
'  and  confider:  They  ftrike  you  again;  then,  my  Bro- 
'  thers,  you  fay  'tis  Time,  and  you  will  rife  up  to  de- 

*  fend  yourfelves.    Now,  my  Brothers,  this  is  exadly 

*  the  Cafe  between  the  French  and  Englijfi.  Confider 
'  farther,  my  Brothers,  what  a  great  Number  of  our 
'poor  back  Inhabitants  have  been  killed  fince  the 

*  French  came  to  the  Ohio.  The  French  arc  the  Caufe 
'  of  their  Death,  and  if  they  were  not  there,  the  En- 
^ glijh  would  not  trouble  themfelves  to  go  there.   They 

*  go  no  where  to  War  but  where  the  French  are.  Thofe 
•wicked  People  that  fet  you  at  Variance  with  the 

*  Engli/fi,  by  telling  you  many    vicked  Stories,  are 

*  Papifts  in  the  French  Pay:  Befides  there  are  many 
'  among  us  in  the  French  Service  who  appear  like 

*  Gentlemen,  and  buy  Iri/h  Papift  Servants  and  pro- 

*  mife  them  great  Rewards  to  run  away  to  you  and 

*  ftrengthen  you  againft  the  Englijli  by  making  them 
'  appear  as  black  as  Devils.' — 

This  Day  arrived  here  two  hundred  French  and 
Indians  on  their  Way  to  Fort  Duquejne.  They  ftaid 
all  Night.  In  the  Middle  of  the  Night  King  5^di?^r's 
Daughter  died,  on  which  a  great  many  Guns  were 
fired  in  the  Town. 

5th.  It  made  a  general  Stop  in  my  Journey.  The 
French  faid  to  their  Children,  they  ftiould  catch  me 
privately  or  get  my  Scalp.  The  Commander  wanted 
to  examine  me  as  he  was  going  to  Fort  Duquejne. 
When  they  told  me  of  it,  I  find,  as  he  was  going  to 
Fort  Duquejne^  he  might  enquire  about  me  there:  I 
had  nothing  at  all  to  fay  or  do  with  the  French:  They 

would 


are 


(    163   ) 

would  tell  them  every  Particular  they  wanted  to  know 
in  the  Fort.  They  all  came  into  the  Houfe  where 
I  was  as  if  they  would  fee  a  new  Creature. 

In  the  Afternoon  there  came  fix  Indians  and  brought 
three  German  Prifoners,  and  two  Scalps  of  the  Cata- 
baws. 

As  Daniel  blamed  the  Engli/fi  that  they  never  paid 
him  for  his  Trouble,  I  alked  him  whether  he  was 
pleafed  with  what  I  paid  him.    He  faid,  *  No.'    I  faid, 

*  Brother,  you  took  as  much  as  you  pleafed.    I  afked 

*  you  whether  you  was  fatisfied;  you  laid.  Yes.'  I  told 
him  I  was  afiiamed  to  hear  him  blame  the  Country  fo. 
I  told  him,  'You  fhall  have  for  this  Journey  what- 

*  ever  )ou  defire,  when  I  reach  the  Inhabitants.' — 

6th.  Pifquetumen,  'Tom  Hickman  and  Sbingas  told  me, 

*  Brother,  it  is  good  that  you  have  ftayed  fo  long 
'with  us;  we  love  to  fee  you,  and  wifh  to  fee  you 
*here  longer;   but  fince  you  are  fo  defirous  to  go, 

*  you  niayfetoff  To-moirow:  Pifquetumenhzs  brought 
'you  here,  and  he  may  carry  you  Home  again:  You 

*  have  feen  us,  and  we  have  talked  a  great  Deal  to- 
'  gether,  which  we  have  not  done  for  a  long  Time 
'before.  Now,  Brother,  we  love  you,  but  can't  help 
'  wondering  why  the  EngliJIi  and  French  don't  make 
'  it  up  with  one  another,  and  tell  one  another  not  to 
'fight  on  our  Land* 

I  told  them,  '  Brother,  if  the  Englijh  told  the 
'  French  fo  a  thoufand  Times,  they  never  would  go 
'  away.  Brother,  you  know  fo  long  as  the  World 
'  has  ftood  there  has  not  been  fuch  a  War.  You 
'  know  when  the  French  lived  on  the  other  Side,  the 
'  War  was  there,  and  here  we  lived  in  Peace.  Con- 
'  fider  how  many  Thoufand  Men  are  killed  and  how 
'  many  Houfes  are  burned  fince  the  French  lived  here; 
'  if  they  had  not  been  here  it  would  not  have  been 
'fo;  you  know  we  don't  blanie  you,  we  blame  the 
'  French^  they  are  the  Caufe  of  this  War,  therefore 
come  to   hurt  you,  but  to  chafvife  the 


•  we  don't 
'  French' 


They 


!l     I 


5!; 


m 


*!;  0H 


/ 

1 

1! 

/ 

t  i 

1 

1 

|jS«ni 

(  164  ) 

They  told  me  that  at  the  great  Council  held  at 
Onondago  among  the  Five  Nations  before  the  War 
began  {Conrad  fVeiJer  was  there  and  wrote  every 
Thing  down)  it  was  faid  to  the  Indians  at  the  Ohio 
that  they  fhould  let  the  French  alone  there  and  leave  it 
entirely  to  the  Five  Nations  \  the  Five  Nations  would 
know  what  to  do  with  them.  Yet  foon  after  two  hun- 
dred French  and  Indians  c^m^  and  built  Fort  Duquejne. 

King  Beaver  and  Shingas  fpoke   to   Pijquetumeny 

*  Brother,  you  told  us,  that  the  Governor  of  Phila- 
*delphia  and  Teedyufcung  took  this  Man  out  of  their 
'  Bofoms  and  put  him  into  your  Bofom,  that  you 
'fhould  bring  him  here;  and  you  have  brought  him 

*  here  to  us,  ?.nd  we  have  feen  and  heard  him,  and 

*  now  we  give  him  into  your  Bofom  to  bring  him  to 

*  the  fame  Place  again   before  the  Governor;   but 

*  don't  let  him  quite  loofe;  we  ihuil  rejoice  when  we 

*  fliall   fee   him    here  again.' — They  defired  me  to 

*  fpeak  to  the  Governor  in  their  Behalf  as  follows: 

*  Brother,  we  beg  you  to  remember  our  oldeft  Bro- 

*  ther  Pi/quetumeny  and  furnifli  him  with  good  Cloaths 

*  and  reward  him  well  for  his  Trouble,  for  we  all  fhall 

*  look  upon  him  when  he  comes  back.' — 

7th.  When  we  were  ready  to  go  they  began  to 
council  which  Courfe  we  fhould  go  to  be  fafeft,  and 
then  they  hunted  for  the  Horfes,  but  could  not  find 
them,  and  fo  we  loft  that  Day's  Journey.  It  is  a 
troublefome  Crofs  and  heavy  Yoke  to  draw  this 
People:  They  can  punifti  and  fqueeze  a  Body's 
Heart  to  the  utmoft.  I  fufped  the  Reafon  they 
kept  me  here  fo  long  was  by  Inftigation  of  the 
French.  I  remember  fomebody  told  me,  the  French 
told  them  to  keep  me  twelve  Days  longer,  for  that 
they  were  afraid  I  fhould  get  back  too  foon  and  give 
Information  to  the  General.  My  Heart  has  been 
very  heavy  here  becaufe  they  kept  me  for  no  Pur- 

f)ofe.     The  Lord  knows  how  they  have  been  coun- 
elling  about  my  Life,  but  they  did  not  know  who 
was  my  Proteftor  and  Deliverer:  I  believe  my  Lord 

has 


at 


(   165  ) 

has  been  too  ftrong  againft  them,  my  Enemies  have 
done  what  lies  in  tneir  Power. 

8th.  We  prepared  for  our  Journey  in  the  Morning, 
and  made  ourfelves  ready.  There  came  fome  together 
and  examined  me  what  I  had  wrote  Yefterday.  I 
told  them  I  wondered  what  need  they  had  to  concern 
themfelves  about  my  Writing.  They  faid,  if  they 
knowed  I  had  wrote  about  the  Prifoners,  they  would 
not  let  me  go  out  of  the  Town.  I  told  them  what  I 
writ  was  my  Duty  to  do.    *  Brothers,  I  tell  you  I  am 

*  not  afraid  of  you  if  there  were  a  thoufand  more.  I 
'have  a  good  Confcience  before  God  and  Man.     I 

*  tell  you  I  have  wrote  nothing  about  the  Prifoners. 

*  I  tell  you,  Brothers,  this  is  not  good;  there's  a  bad 

*  Spirit  in  your  Heart  which  breeds  that  Jealoufy, 

*  and  it  will  keep  you  ever  in  Fear  that  you  will 
'  never  get  Reft.     I  beg  you  would  pray  to  God  for 

*  Grace  to  refift  that  wicked  Spirit  that  breeds  fuch 

*  wicked  Jealoufies  in  you,  which  is  the  Reafon  you 
'have  kept  me  here  fo  long.  How  often  have  I 
'  begged  of  you  to  difpatch  me  ?    I  am  aihamed  to  fee 

*  you  fo  jealous:   I  am  not  in  the  leaft  afraid  of  you. 

*  Have  not  I  brought  Writings  to  you?  and  what, 
*do  you  think  I  muft  not  carry  fome  Home  to  the 
'Governor?  or  ihall  I  fliut  my  Mouth  and  fay  no- 

*  thine?     Look  into  your  own  Hearts  and  fee  if  it 

*  would  be  right  or  wrong,  if  any  Body  gives  a  Saluta- 

*  tion  to  their  Friends,  and  it  is  not  returned  in  the 

*  fame  Way.     You  told  me  many  Times  how  kind 

*  you  were  to  the  Prifoners,  and  now  you  are  afraid 

*  that  any  of  them  fhould  fpeak  to  me.' — They  told 
me  they  had  Caufe  to  be  afraid,  and  then  made  a 
Draught  and  fhewed  me  how  they  were  furrounded 
with  War.  Then  I  told  them,  if  they  would  be  quiet 
and  keep  at  a  Diftance,  they  need  not  fear.  Then 
they  went  away,  very  much  aihamed,  one  after  an- 
other.— I  told  my  Men  that  we  fhould  make  hafte 
and  go;  and  accordingly  we  fet  off  in  the  Afternoon 
from  Ku/hkujhkee  and  came  ten  Miles. 

9th.  We 


1         ! 
1 

i 
I 

1 
I 

'  i 

' 

li-^li 

i 
1 

»!^ 


i)l  «- 


(   -66  ) 

9th.  We  took  a  little  Koot-Path  hardly  to  he  feen. 
We  loft  it,  and  went  through  thick  Buflies  till  we 
came  to  a  Mire,  which  we  did  not  fee  till  we  were  in 
it,  and  '■Tom  Hickman  fell  in  and  almoft  broke  his  Leg. 
We  had  hard  Work  before  we  could  get  the  Horfe  out 
again.  The  Lord  helped  me  that  I  got  fafe  from  my 
Horfe.  I  and  Pijquetumen  had  enough  to  do  to  come 
through.  We  pafted  many  fuch  Places:  It  rained  all 
Day,  and  we  got  a  double  Portion  of  it  becaufe  we  re- 
ceived all  that  hung  on  the  Buflies.  We  were  as  wet 
as  if  we  were  fwimming  all  the  Day,  and  at  Night  we 
laid  ourfelves  down  in  a  fwampy  Place  to  fleep,  where 
we  had  nothing  but  the  Heavens  for  our  Covering. 

loth.  We  had  but  little  to  live  on.  '•Tom  Hickman 
fliot  a  Deer  on  the  Road.  Every  Thing  h,  re  upon 
the  Ohio  is  extremely  dear,  much  more  lb  than  in 
Pennfyhania:  I  gave  for  one  Difli  of  Corn  four  hun- 
dred and  lixty  Wampum.  They  told  me  that  the  Go- 
vernor of  Fort  Duqucfne  kept  a  Store  of  his  own,  and 
that  all  the  Indians  muft  come  and  buy  the  Goods  of 
him;  and  when  they  come  to  buy,  he  tells  them,  if 
they  will  go  to  War,  they  fliall  have  as  much  Goods 
as  they  pleafe. — Before  I  fet  off,  I  heard  further,  that 
a  French  Captain  who  goes  to  all  the  Indian  Towns''', 
came  to  Sacunck^  and  faid,  'Children,  will  not  you 
'come  and  help  your  Father  againft  the  Engl'ifhV 
They  anfwered,  '  Why  fhould  we  go  to  war  againft 
'our  Brethren?  they  are  now  our  Friends.'  'O! 
'  Children,'  faid  he,  'I  hope  you  don't  own  them  for 
'Friends.'  'Yes,'  faid  they,  'we  do;  we  are  their 
'  Friends,  and  we  hope  they  will  remain  ours.'  *0! 
'  Children,'  faid  he,  'you  muft  not  believe  what  you 
'  have  heard  and  what  has  been  told  you  by  that 
*  Man.'  They  faid  to  him,  'Yes,  we  do  believe  him 
'  more  than  we  do  you:  It  was  you  that  fet  us  againft 
'  them;  and  we  will  by  and  by  haVe  Peace  with  them  :' 

*  He  was  lent  to  colleft  the  Indians  together  to  attack  General 
Forbes\  Army  once  more  on  their  March. 

And 


fcen. 
we 
re  in 
Leg. 
eout 
my 
ome 
dall 
e  re- 
wet 
t  we 
'here 


V    167   ) 

And  then  he  fpoke  not  a  Word  more,  hut  returned 
to  the  Fort. — So  I  hope  fome  Good  is  aone:  Praifed 
he  the  Name  of  the  Lord. 

1  ith.  Being  Monday^  we  went  over  to  Antigoc:  We 
went  down  a  vaft  rteep  Hill,  and  our  Horfes  dipt  fo 
that  I  experted  every  Moment  they  would  fall  Heels 
over  Head. — We  found  frefh  Indian  Tracks  on  the 
other  Side  of  the  River.  We  crofled  Allegheny  River, 
and  went  through  the  Bufhes  upon  a  high  Hill  and 
flept  upon  the  Side  of  the  Mountain  without  Fire 
for  fear  of  the  I'.nemy.  It  was  a  cold  Night,  and  I 
had  but  a  thin  Blanket  to  cover  myfelf. 

r2th.  We  made  a  little  Fire  to  warm  ourfelves  in 
the  Morning.  Our  Horfes  began  to  be  weary  with 
climbing  up  and  down  thefe  deep  Mountains.  We 
came  this  Night  to  the  Top  of  a  Mountain,  where  we 
found  a  Log-lioufe.  Here  we  made  a  fmall  Fire  juft 
to  boil  ourlelves  a  little  Viduals.  The  Indians  were 
very  much  afraid,  and  lay  with  their  Guns  and  Tom- 
hocks  on  all  Night.  They  heard  fomebody  run  and 
whifper  in  the  Night.  I  flept  very  found,  and  in  the 
Morning  they  afked  me  if  I  was  not  afraid  the  Enemy 
Indians  "^owXdi  kill  me.  I  faid  *No,  I  am  not  afraid  of 
'  the  Indians  nor  the  Devil  himfelf:  I  fear  my  great 
'Creator  God.' — 'Aye,'  they  faid,  'you  know  you 
'  will  go  to  a  good  Place  when  you  die;  but  we  don't 
'know  that;  that  makes  us  afraid.' 

13th.  In  the  Afternoon  we  twice  crofled  Chowatiny 
and  came  to  Poncbejtanning^  an  old  deferted  Indian 
Town  that  lies  on  the  fame  Creek.  We  went  through 
a  bad  Swamp  where  was  very  thick  fliarp  Thorns,  fo 
that  they  tore  our  Cloaths  and  Flefh,  both  Hands 
and  Face,  to  a  bad  Degree.  We  had  this  kind  of 
Road  all  the  Day.  In  the  Evening  we  made  a  Fire, 
and  then  they  heard  fomething  rufh  in  the  Bulhes  as 
though  they  heard  fomebody  walk.  Then  we  went 
about  three  Gun-fliot  from  our  F'ire,  and  could  not 
find  a  Place  to  lye  down  for  the  innumerable  Rocks; 
fo  that  we  were  obliged  to  get  fmall  Stones  to  fill  up 

the 


Ii 


I    ' 


(    168    ) 

the  hollow  Places  in  the  Rocks  for  our  Bed;  but  it 
was  very  uneafy ;  almoft  Shirt  and  Skin  crew  together. 
They  kept  Watch  one  after  another  all  Night. 

14th.  In  the  Morning  I  aiked  them  what  made 
them  afraid.  They  faid  I  knew  nothing;  the  French 
had  fet  a  great  Price  on  my  Head,  and  they  knew 
there  was  gone  out  a  great  Scout  to  lye  in  wait  for 
me.  We  went  over  great  Mountains  and  a  very  bad 
Road. 

1 5th.  We  came  to  Sujquehannah  and  crofTed  it  fix 
Times,  and  came  to  Catamawejhinky  where  had  been 
an  old  Indian  Town.  In  the  Evening  there  came 
three  Indians  and  faid  they  faw  two  Indian  Tracks 
which  came  to  the  Place  where  we  flept,  and  turned 
back  as  if  to  give  Information  of  us  to  a  Party;  fo 
that  we  were  ulre  they  followed  us. 

16th  and  17th.  We  crofTed  the  Mountain. 

1 8th.  Came  to  the  Big  IJlandy  where  having  nothing 
to  live  on,  we  were  obliged  to  (lay  to  hunt. 

19th.  We  met  with  20  Warriors  who  were  return- 
ing from  the  Inhabitants,  with  five  Prifoners  and  one 
Scalp;  fix  of  them  were  Delawares^  the  reft  Mingoes. 
We  fat  down  all  in  one  Ring  together.  I  informed 
them  where  I  had  been  and  what  was  done;  they  afked 
me  to  go  back  a  little,  and  fo  I  did,  and  fiept  all 
Night  with  them.  I  informed  them  of  the  Particu- 
lars of  the  Peace  propofed;  they  faid,  if  they  had 
known  fo  much  before,  they  would  not  have  gone  to 
War. — *Be  ftrong;  if  you  make  a  good  Peace,  then 
*  we  will  bring  all  the  Prifoners  back  again.*  They 
killed  two  Deer  and  gave  me  one. 

20th.  We  took  Leave  of  each  other  and  went  on 
our  Journey,  and  arrived  the  116.  at  Fort  Augufta  in 
the  Afternoon,  very  weary  and  hungry,  but  greatly 
rejoiced  of  our  return  from  this  tedious  Journey. 

There  is  not  a  prouder,  or  more  high-minded 
People  in  themfelves  than  the  Indians.  They  think 
themfelves  the  wifeft  and  prudenteft  Men  in  the 
World,  and  look  upon  all  the  Reft  of  Mankind  as 

Fools 


'     *l 


■f^  -m  \^ 


(    l6y   ) 

Fools  if  they  do  not  confcnt  to  their  Way  of  thinking. 
They  think  themfelves  to  be  the  Itrongeft  People  in 
the  World;  antl  that  they  can  overpower  both  the 
French  and  Englijh  when  they  pleafe.  Tiie  white  Peo- 
ple are  in  their  Eyes  nothing  at  all.  They  fay  that 
through  their  conjuring  Craft  they  can  do  what  they 
pleafe,  and  nothing  can  withftand  them.  In  their  Way 
of  lighting  they  have  this  Method,  to  fee  that  they 
firft  ihoot  the  Officers  and  Commanders;  and  then, 
they  fay,  we  fliall  be  fure  to  have  them.  They  alfo 
fay,  that  if  their  Conjurers  run  through  the  Middle 
of  our  People,  no  Bullet  can  hurt  them.  They  fay 
too,  that  when  they  have  fliot  the  Commanders  the 
Soldiers  will  all  be  confufed,  and  will  not  know  what 
to  do.  They  fay  of  themfelves,  that  every  one  of 
them  is  like  a  King  and  Captain,  and  fights  for  him- 
felf  By  this  Way  they  imagine  they  can  overthrow 
any  Body  of  Men  that  may  come  againft  them.  They 
fliy,  'The  Englijh  People  are  Fools;   they  hold  their 

*  Guns  half  Man  high  and  then  let  them  fnap:  We 
'  take  Sight,  and  have  them  at  a  Shot,  and  fo  do  the 
^French.'  They  do  not  only  flioot  with  a  Bullet,  but 
big  Swan  Shot.  They  fay  the  French  load  with  a 
Bullet  and  fix  Swan-Shot.  They  farther  fay,  'We 
'  take  Care  to  have  the  firfl:  Shot  at  our  Enemies,  and 

*  then  they  are  half  dead  before  they  begin  to  fight.' 

The  Indians  are  a  People  full  of  Jealoufy,  and  will 
not  eafily  truft  any  Body,  and  they  are  very  eafily 
affronted  and  brought  into  Jealoufy;  then  afterwards 
they  will  have  nothing  at  all  to  do  with  thofe  they 
fufped;  and  it  is  not  brought  fo  eafy  out  of  their 
Minds;  they  keep  it  to  their  Graves,  and  leave  the 
Seed  of  it  in  their  Children  and  Grand-Children's 
Minds;  fo  if  they  can  they  will  revenge  themfelves 
for  every  imagined  Injury.  They  are  a  very  diftruft- 
ful  People.  Through  their  Imagination  and  Reafon 
they  think  themfelves  a  thoufand  Times  ftronger  than 
all  other  People.  Fort  du  S^iefne  is  faid  to  be  under- 
mined. The  French  have  given  out,  that  if  we  over- 
w  power 


f! 


?! 


(  170  ) 

power  them  and  they  fliould  die,  we  ftiould  certainly 
all  die  with  them.  When  I  came  to  the  Fort,  the 
Garrifon  it  was  faid,  confided  of  about  one  thoufand 
four  hundred  M'^n,  and  I  am  told  they  will  now  be 
full  three  thoufand  French  and  Indians.  They  are 
almoft  all  Canadians,  and  will  certainly  meet  the 
General  before  he  comes  to  the  Fort,  in  an  Ambufh. 
You  may  depend  upon  it  thth  'encb  will  make  no  open 
Field-Battle  as  in  the  old  Country,  but  lie  in  Ambufli. 
The  Canadians  are  all  Hunters.  The  Indians  have 
agreed  to  draw  back,  but  how  far  we  may  give  Credit 
to  their  Promifes  the  Lord  knows.  It  is  the  bed  Way 
to  be  on  our  guard  againft  them,  as  if  they  really 
could  with  one  thoufand  overpower  eight  thoufand. 

Thirty-two  Nights  I  did  lay  in  the  Woods;  the 
Heavens  were  my  Covering.  The  Dew  came  fo  hard 
fometimes  that  it  pinched  clofe  to  the  Skin.  There 
was  nothing  that  laid  fo  heavy  on  my  Heart  as  the 
Man  that  went  along  with  me.  He  thwarted  me  in 
every  Thing  I  faid  or  did;  not  that  he  did  it  againft 
me  but  againft  the  Country  on  whofe  Bufinefs  I  was 
fent:  I  was  afraid  he  would  overthrow  what  I  went 
about.  When  he  was  with  the  Englijh  he  would  fpeak 
againft  the  French,  and  when  with  the  French  againft 
the  Englijh.  The  Indians  obferved  that  he  was  a  falfe 
Fellow,  and  defired  me  that  I  would  not  bring  him 
any  more  to  tranfad  any  Bufinefs  between  the  Englijh 
and  them;  and  told  me  it  was  through  his  Means  1 
could  not  have  the  Liberty  to  talk  with  the  Prifoners. 

Praife  and  Glory  be  to  the  Lamb  that  has  been 
flain,  and  brought  me  through  the  Country  of  dread- 
ful Jealoufy  and  Miftruft,  where  the  Prince  of  this 
World  has  his  Rule  and  Government  over  the  Chil- 
dren of  Difobedience. 

The  Lord  has  prcferved  me  through  all  the  Dan- 
gers and  Difficulties  that  1  have  ever  been  under. 
He  direded  me  according  to  his  Will  by  his  holy 
Spirit.  1  had  no  one  to  converfe  with  but  him.  He 
brought  me  under  a  thick,  heavy  and  dark  Cloud 

into 


(  171  ) 
into  the  open  Air;  for  which  1  adore,  praife  and 
worfhip  the  Lord  my  God,  that  I  know  has  grafped 
me  in  his  Hands,  and  has  forgiven  me  for  all  Sins, 
and  fent  and  wafht  my  Heart  with  his  moft  precious 
Blood;  that  I  now  live  not  for  myfelf,  but  for  him 
that  made  me;  and  to  do  his  holy  Will  is  my  Pleaf- 
ure.  I  own  that  in  the  Children  of  Light  there 
dwells  another  Kind  of  Spirit  than  there  does  in  the 
Children  of  this  World;  therefore  thefe  two  Spirits 
can't  rightly  agree  in  Fellowlhip. 


Christian  Frederick  Post. 


The  Event  of  this  Negotiation  was,  That  the  Indians  refufed  to 
join  the  French  in  attaclcing  General  Forbes,  to  defeat  him  (as  they 
had  BrnJJoek)  on  his  March.  So  the  French,  defpairing  of  the 
Fort  if  the  General  fliould  arrive  before  it,  burnt  it,  and  left  the 
Country  with  the  utmoll  Precipitation. 


into 


Extras 


Wj  ) 


f 


•HHit 


(   '72  ) 


.,  it 

1^ 


I' 


Extra£f  of  a  Letter  from  Philadelphia,  dated  Dec.  lo, 

1758. 

I  attended  the  late  Treaty  at  Eajion.  I  wifti  I  could 
fay  the  fame  Conduft  as  ufual  was  not  purfued.  Dur- 
ing the  whole  Treaty  two  Things  were  laboured  with 
the  utnioft  Diligence;  to  lefTen  the  Power  of  7VM'///- 
cung^  and  to  fave,  if  poffible,  a  certain  Charader.  In 
both  they  failed;  for  'Teedyujcung^  inftead  of  lofing  has 
increafed  his  Power,  and  eftabliflied  himfelf  at  the 
Head  of  five  Tribes.  The  Indians  that  lie  to  the 
North  of  us,  between  us  and  the  Lakes,  confift  of 
three  Leagues:  The  Senekas,  Mohazoks,  and  Onotida- 
goes,  who  are  called  the  Fathers,  compofe  the  firft: 
The  Oncidas,  Cayugas,  '•Tujcororas,  Nanticokes,  and 
Conoys,  (which  are  united  into  one  Tribe)  and  the 
'Tute/oes,  compofe  the  fecond  League;  and  thefe  two 
Leagues  make  up  what  we  call  the  Six  Nations.  The 
third  League  is  formed  of  the  C/.ibobocki,  (or  Dela- 
wares)  the  IVanami,  the  Munfeys,  Alawhiccons,  and 
IVapingers.  From  all  thefe  Nations,  except  two  or 
three,  we  had  the  chief  Sacheiiis  with  us  at  Eajhn. 
The  whole  Number  of  Indians  by  the  beft  Account 
we  could  get,  amounted  to  501.  I  fend  you  a  Copy 
of  what  I  there  took  down  from  Day  to  Day;  it  may 
give  you  fome  Notion  of  the  Proceeding  at  Eajlon,  and 
inform  youof  feveral  Things  which  I  doubt  not  will  be 
mifreprefentcd.  I  was  careful  to  fet  down  nothing  but 
what  I  heard  or  faw  myfelf,  or  received  from  good 
Authority.  The  Intimacy  I  had  with  feveral  of  the 
Indians,  and  the  Confidence  they  have  been  pleafed 
to  repofe  in  me.  gave  me  an  Opportunity  of  being 
acquainted  with  what  pafled  at  the  private  Council. 

On  Saturday,  Otl.  8,  the  Governor  had  the  firft 
Interview  with  the  Indians,  at  which  very  little  more 
pafied  than  the  Compliments  ufual  at  a  firft  Meeting. 
Monday  and  I'uefday  the  Indians  were  in  clofe  Conful- 
tation  among  themfelves.  The  Place  of  their  Meet- 
ing 


) 


(  173  ) 

ing  at  Croghan\.  And  here  let  me  obferve,  that  it 
affords  fjme  Matter  of  Speculation,  •^\\.yCrogha}i,  who 
is  here  in  no  public  Capacity,  fhould  be  honoured 
with  a  Guard  at  his  Door.  The  Reafon  of  the  Indians 
meeting  at  his  Houfe  is  more  eafily  accounted  for,  as 
he  treats  them  with  Liquor,  and  gives  out  that  he  him- 
felf  is  an  Indian.  The  Subjedt  in  Debate  thefe  two 
Days,  is,  Whether  what  Teedyujcung  has  done  fhall 
ftand,  or  they  are  to  begin  anew?  The  grand  Thing 
aimed  at  by  our  Proprietary  Managers,  is  to  get 
'Teedyujcitng  to  retradl  tlie  Charge  of  Fraud  and  For- 
gery. In  order  to  gain  this  Point  the  Scnekas  and  Six 
Nations  are  privately  treated  with  and  prompted  to 
undo  what  has  been  done,  in  order,  as  is  pretended, 
to  eftabliOi  their  own  Authority  and  gain  the  Credit 
of  the  Peace.  Tei'dyufcung,  and  his  People,  abfolutely 
refufe  to  retradl  any  Thing  they  have  faid.  He  infifts, 
that  what  was  done  in  the  Beginning  of  the  War,  was 
done  by  and  with  the  Advice  and  Confent  of  the  Sene- 
kas;  that  the  Reafons  he  had  aflignerl  t :.  the  Governor 
for  his  ftriking  the  Eng/i/h,  are  the  ^rue  and  only 
Reafons.  The  Debates  were  warm.  \t-  Len'7t:h  it  is 
agreed,  that  every  Thing  already  trarfac'ed  between 
'Tecdyujcung  and  the  Englijh  fliall  ftand;  th-'t  at  the 
opening  the  general  Council,  'Tecdynjcung  fhi'U  make 
a  iliort  iiitrodudory  Speech,  airvv  .sLich  the  ^cicka 
and  other  Chiefs,  without  invalidat.  .g  any  Thing 
already  done,  fliall  proceed  to  Bufinefs. 

Matters  thus  fettled,  they  break  up  on  Tuejday  about 
1 1  o'clock,  and  expedl  to  meet  the  Governor  imme- 
diately, but  the  Meeting  is  deferred  till  next  Day. 

On  IVcdnejday  Morning  fome  of  the  Quakers  got 
together  the  ChiefsandOld  Men  of  chefeveral  Tribes, 
in\)rder  to  fmoke  a  Pipe  with  them.  After  they  had 
broken  up,  Mr.  Cheiv  of  the  Council,  came  to  invite 
the  Committee  of  Affembly  to  a  Conterence,  in  order 
to  lliew  them  the  Speech  the  Governor  intended  to 
make  to  the  Indians,  and  to  take  their  Advice  thereon ; 
it  being  before  agreed  on,  that  Nothing  fhould  be  faid 

to 


I] 


i 


(  17+  ) 

to  the  Indians^  but  what  the  Committee  of  Aflembly 
and  Commiflioners  fhould  be  previoufly  made  ac- 
quainted with.  The  Council  and  CommiiTioners  being 
agreed,  the  Indians  are  defiredto  meet;  while  the  Chiefs 
were  calling  them  together  the  Governors  agree  to  go 
to  Dinner,  and  defire  the  Meeting  may  be  deferred  till 
four  o'clock.  As  the  Indians  were  met  when  they  re- 
ceived this,  that  they  might  not  fcatter,  they  agree  to 
fit  down  and  wait  at  the  Place  of  Meeting  till  the  Time 
appointed.  At  four  the  Governors  came,  when  they 
had  taken  their  Seats,  'Teedyufciing  arofe  and  made  a 
Motion  to  fpeak,  but  the  Governor  of  New  Jerfey 
faid,  as  he  had  not  yet  welcomed  the  Indians,  he  defired 
to  be  heard  firft,  and  after  welcoming  the  Indians  in  the 
Name  of  his  Province,  he  recapitulated  what  he  had 
done  to  obtain  an  Interview  with  them,  confirmed 
what  he  had  faid  in  the  Mefl*ages  he  had  fcnt  them,  pro- 
fefl*ed  his  Defire  to  do  them  Juftice,  and  live  at  Peace 
with  them,  but  infifted  upon  their  delivering  up  thofe 
of  his  People  they  had  Prifoners  among  them,  with- 
out which,  he  could  never  be  convinced  of  their  Sin- 
cerity. He  farther  added,  that  as  the  Senekas  and 
Cayugas  had  undertaken  to  anfwer  his  Meflage  to  the 
MunJeySy  he  was  ready  to  hear  what  they,  or  any  other 
Indians  there,  had  to  fay  respefting  his  Province. 

As  foon  as  he  had  done,  Teedyujcung  arofe,  and  ad- 
drefling  the  Governors  faid,  tliat  as  he  had  been 
defired  to  invite  down  the  feveral  Nations  oi  Indians 
he  had  any  Intercourfe  with,  he  had  done  it;  that 
here  they  were  now  met,  and  if  they  had  any  Thing 
to  fay  to  the  Indians,  or  the  Indians  to  them,  they 
might  now  fpeak  to  each  other;  that  for  his  own 
Part  he  had  Nothing  to  do  but  to  fit  and  hear;  he 
hud  already  told  the  Governor  of  Penfihania  the 
Caufe  why  he  had  ftruck  him,  and  had  concluded  a 
Peace  with  him,  for  himfelf  and  his  People,  and  that 
every  Thing  which  could  be  done  at  preient  was  con- 
cluded and  agreed  upon,  in  order  to  fecure  a  lading 
Peace.  With  this  he  ^ave  a  String. 

Then 


ibly 
ac- 


ing 


(  175  ) 
Then  Tagajhata  the  Seneka  arofe  and  faid,  That  he 
was  very  ghid  the  Moil  High  had  brought  them  to- 
gether with  fuch  good  Countenances;  but  that  the 
Day  was  now  far  fpent,  that  the  Bufinefs  they  were 
about  was  weighty  and  important;  he  therefore  de- 
fired  it  might  be  deferred  for  the  prefent,  and  that 
he  might  be  heard  To-morrow  Morning  early.  On 
Thurjday  they  met;  the  Conference  was  at  firft  inter- 
rupted by  'rf^<^///f««£;' coming  in  drunk,  and  demanding 
of  the  Governor  a  Letter  that  the  Alleghenians  had 
fent  by  Pifquetumen.  This  Letter  contained  the  Speech 
of  the  Alleghenians^  in  Anfwer  to  the  Meflage  delivered 
to  them  by  Frederic  Poft.  The  Indians  entrufted  Pojl 
with  the  Carriage  of  it;  but  as  he  went  from  Shamokin 
to  meet  the  General,  he  fent  it  down  by  the  Indians,  and 
by  fome  Miftake  inclofed  it  in  a  Packet  to  Bethlehem  \ 
fo  that  whiMi  the  Indians  came  to  Philadelphia  and  met 
the  Governor,  in  order  to  deliver  their  Speech  and 
Belts,  they  found  they  had  none.  This  gave  them 
great  Unea^nefs,  but  the  Governor  informing  them 
he  expected  Pojl  at  the  Treaty,  they  agreed  to  go  up 
to  Kajlon  and  wait  his  Coining;  and  this  they  did  the 
readier,  as  they  had  fome  MefTages  for  I'eedyufcung. 
Bu«"  now  being  informed,  that  the  Governor  had  re- 
ceived from  Bethlehem  the  Letter  containing  their 
Speech,  they  defired  Teedyujciing  to  requeft  it  of  the 
Governor  that  it  might  be  read,  as  they  were  eager 
to  return,  and  a  great  deal  depended  on  the  Anfwer 
they  were  to  carry  back.  As  I'eedyujcung  was  too 
drunk  to  do  Bufinefs,  Mr.  Peters  told  him  that  the 
Letter  Hiould  be  read  at  another  Time,  and  begged 
him  to  have  a  little  Patience.  This  Buftle  being  over, 
Tagajhata  arofe  and  fpoke,  approving  what  had  been 
faid  by  the  Governor  of  the  Jerjeys,  and  declaring 
that  the  Mini/inks  h;\J  liftened  to  the  Advice  of  the 
Senekas,  and  laid  down  the  Hatchet;  and  that  they, 
the  Senekas,  had  alio  fent  the  fame  Advice  to  the 
Delawares  and  Mini/inks  on  the  Ohio,  and  hoped  they 
would  regard  it. — After  the  Indians  had  finifhed  their 

Speeches, 


.1  !(■ 


'I,       . 


ill   'i 


{  176  ) 

Speeches,  juft  as  the  Council  was  going  to  break  up, 
Mr.  Norris,  Speaker  of  the  AfTembly,  arofe,  and 
craved  the  Kar  of  the  Governors,  letting  them  know 
that  he  underllood  Reports  were  propagated  among 
the  hidicws  to  his  Prejudice,  and  that  tetuled  to  raile 
Uneafinefs  among  them,  and  fet  them  a^ainil  the 
Peopleof  the  Province,  He  then  calleil  upon  Mofcs 
'■T'ct.iDiy,  a  noted  Jridian,  to  ileclare  whether  he  had 
heard  of  any  Perfon  fpreading  a  Report  among  the 
Indians^  that  he  was  concerned  in  the  Purchale  of 
Lands  ai  or  near  IFyoiiiiw^.  I'ctamy  ohferved,  that 
Teedyufcttu^  A'as  too  drunk  to  enter  upon  ♦^hat  Matter 
now.  Mr.  Norris  then  faid,  that  as  t!iut  was  the  Cafe, 
anil  as  he  was  obliged  to  go  Home  J'omorrow,  and 
could  not  attend  another  Meeting,  he  took  this  Op- 
portunity, in  the  Prefence  of  both  the  (iovernors, 
and  of  ail  the  (ientlemen  prefent,  to  tieclare  that  he 
was  neither  diredly  nur  indirecHlv  engaged  in  the 
Purchafe  of  any  Lands  at  or  near  l('yoini)i^\  and  that 
whoever  airerted  the  contrary  erred  againil  Truth; 
and  be  dcfired  Mojcs  -tetamy  would  inform  the  In- 
dians of  this.. 

Thi'  Speech  was  levelled  againft  (y,  C.rir^ban^  who 
had  oeen  fpreaiiing  fome  falfe  Reports  among  the 
Indians,  and  emleavouring  to  fet  '•Ii't'dyufcuti^  againft 
the  People  of  the  Provitrc.  As  \L-.  Norris  had  no 
(Jpp(jrtunity  of  canvalfing  the  Matter  publickly,  in 
order  to  know  wh;.r  Crogban  had  tuiu",  he  next  Morn- 
ing fent  tor  •T'ccdyujcun^,  who  being  afked  what  had 
jialfed  between  him  ami  (h'orge  Croghan  refpe^ting  the 
It  yarning  Lamls,  declared. 

That  in  the  beginning  of  this  Week,  (V.  Croghan 
came  to  him  and  told  him,  that  Ifaac  Norris  anil  a 
(Quaker  who  lived  in  Philadelphia,  had  been  concerned 
with  the  Ncw-Engla)id  People  in  purchaling  the  Lands 
at  Wyoming,  ami  that  they  had  paid  the  Money  tor  the 
faiil  Lands;  that  though  they  endeavoured  to  make 
the  Indians  eal'y  ami  fatistied  about  it,  yet  whenever 
the  Indian  Claim  to  thefe  Lands  was  mentioned,  they 

couKl 


U 


.t<*    -~     .»%..»r-7m 


Ilia 

ficd 

Ills 

the 

fikc 
Ivcr 

IK'V 

uia 


(    I 


/  / 


couUl  nor  ((.iir  it,  ;uul  were  very  iinealy  iuiout  ir ;  tliiit 
the  IliiJ  C/.  (j-o[ih(in  ilellred  him  (■frL'dyiij'i-n)!;^)  to  lay 
nothing  about  fhis  Aftair  to  any  Hoiiy  at  tliis  TreatN-, 
antl  tliat  IF  hj  i!id  not,  it  was  in  the  Power  ot"  him 
t!ie  faid  Cicor^t\  who  ai-Hed  hy  V^irtue  of  a  Commiilion 
from  Sir  //'.  'Jobujuu^  to  let  that  Affair  right,  and  to 
fettle  the  Indiaus,  on  the  faiii  l.aniis,  notwiththmding 
what  thefe  PurehafcTs  could  do.  And  ■l\'cdynjLH):g 
declared,   that  if  this   lliould   prove  true,  neither  he 


nor  any  other 


hiil'u 


uis. 


would  fettle  on   thel'e  Lands, 


hut  wouUl  relent  the  Injury. 

This  was  interpreted  by  MoJ'cs  ■I'cldviy,  in  the  I're- 
fenee  of  .  luios  S/rirk/din/y  'j/nnrs  ll'harlo)i,  Jdiurs  C/'/7(/, 
and  .//'(7  JiUiu's^  who  lubfcribed  their  Names  as  I'.yi- 
denees.  Ami  Mr.  iVorris,  in  order  to  fatisfy  -Iccdyiif- 
cior^  that  the  whole  was  a  groundlefs  Kalfehooil,  wrote 

d  figned  and  delivereil  to  -fiwhufi/di'^  a  folemn  Deela- 


an 


ration, 


that 


neither  he,  nor  an\'  one  tor  him,  to  his 


Knowledge,  was  cither  direi'Hy,  or  in.lirertly,  concern- 
ed in  the  I'urchafe  of  any  Lands  at  or  near  WxuDiiw'. 


This  done,  he  fent  for  C  drozl. 


(UL  ai 


ul  rcatl  to  hi 


what  -/'('fv/v/z/r/r;/.'  had  char!j;eii  him  with;  which  Ov/"//, 


m 

11/ 


po1iti\'ely  denied,  ami  api^'alcd  to  another  hidhui  who 
was  piclc-nt  at  the  ("onverfation :  The  othei-  liid'uni 
being  calleil  upon,  confirmetl  e\erv  W'ortl  that  -Iccdy- 
Hf'citHi^  hail  laid.  (.'ro^^Luni  \\\\\  perfilK'd  in  dcn\  ing  it, 
ami  tolil  a  plaulible  Story  w  hich  he  laid  was  the  Subjei't 
of  theirC"on\-erfation,as  he  could  lliew  iVom  his  Diary. 
Mr.  i\crris  toKl  him,  ii  was  j^ollijilc  the  hidi.nis  might 
have  mii'uiulcrltood  him,  and  uelirecl  liim  lo  pruduce 
his  Diary;  but  ('ro'^l'dn  refufed  that,  and  faid  he  would 
Hi 


ew  It  to 


the  ( 


FON'ernors  at  a  coiucment    I  ime,  ami 


that  it  llioidil  be  reail  in  public  bctoie  the  (."ontcrcnc^ 


hr(ike  iin 


Oi 


his  one  oi   the 


/ndi 


(ifis  oblcr\ed.  that 


it  would  be  eafy  for  him  to  go  I  lomeaiul  wri:  ■  tlown 
what  he  pleafed,  and  afterwards  prcteiul  he  had  i.l,)ne 


It 


bet 


ore;  tiiat  tru 


H  W 


ay  was 


to  n 


K'w  i!  now,  am 


then  it  miuhi  haw   tome  (.  redil  paid  to  it.       I'his  he 
was  pri'lVeil  t.i  ,io,  in    \  indieation  ot   himti'll,  ami  to 


a\(>iil 


i 


I7S 


1'    :   ■■! 
it: 


avoid  Sufpicioii.  But  he  pLrfiitecl  in  rcfufing,  For  :i 
Rcafon,  1  fuppofc,  you  will  think  too  obvious  to 
mention,  and  went  away  in  a  Paffion. 

Itiscviclcnt  from  the  Countenance  and  l''avourCroi^- 
hafi  meets  with  that  he  docs  not  ac^t  of  himfelf,  in  thefe 
his  Endeavours  to  embroil  Affairs  among  the  huiiivis. 

On  Friday,  Othhcr  ij,  a  Conference  was  held,  at 
which  the  Governors  i'poke,  and  the  /llle'i^hoiy  Letter 
was  reath  At  the  Clofe  of  the  Conference,  one  Sicbos 
a  iMolhiivk  made  a  Speech,  which  at  (.'on.  WicfLr\  par- 
ticular Re(jueft  was  not  then  interpreted  in  public. 
The  Subftance  of  the  Speech,  we  were  soon  atter  in- 
formed, was  to  difclaim  "T'ectlyiifcung'-,  Authority.  This 
Nichos  is  6\  Croglunt's  I<"atlier-in-Law,  and  him  'tis 
thought  Cr^i;/'^/;/  now  makes  ufeof  to  ralfe  Difturbance 
among  the  Indians,  as  he  found  himlelf  baffled  in  his 
other  Scheme.  Hecould  not  prejudice  Tecdyufcun^  and 
fet  him  againil:  the  People  of  the  Province;  he  there- 
fore now  labours  to  fet  the  Indians  againil  him  by  the 
fame  Methods,  I  fuppofe,  that  he  attempted  the  former. 

On  Sunday,  Oi-hber  15,  there  was  a  ]irivate  Confer- 
ence at  Scud's  but  neither  "fccdxufaDi'j  nor  anv  of  his 
People  were  there.  Next  Day  a  Conference  was  hekl 
in  public,  at  which  were  rcati  the  Minutes  of  what  had 
paifed:  ^Vhen  ihcv  came  to  what  was  faid  Yerterday 
they  ftoppetl;  but  at  the  Requeft  of  the  Six  Nation 
Chiefs  it  was  read.  What  concern'd  ■fci'dyufinn^^  there, 
fecmetl  little  mcjre  than  whether  he  Ibould  be  con- 
fidered  as  a  King  or  an  Emperor.  They  did  not 
deny  his  l*ower  over  his  own  Nations,  ami  he  never 
claimed  (exceju  in  his  Cups,  if  then)  any  Authority 
over  the  Six  i\'ations\  nas,  as  the  (lovernor  oblerved, 
he  expreily  declared  thev  were  iiis  Sujieriors,  und  that 
he  ac'ted  as    Head  for   his  ovsii  tour    I'ribes,  he 


'Wo 


a(^ted  or.!\'  as  a  Mefll-nger  \\\nw  his  Uncles. 

On  H  cdnefday,  Otiuber  Sth,  when  the  A/.v  Nation 
Indians  come  to  return  an  Aniwer,  they  gave  us  a 
Specimen  of  their  Fincjfc  in  Politics.  \Ve  hail  been 
harralledwith  a.n  lndian\^\\x\  thciiovernorcalled  upon 

them 


• 


i 


Ifc 


If' 


i  179  ) 

them  to  declare  the  Caufes  of  it.  The  Chiefs  clif- 
claimedall  Concern  in  it,  and  dechired  that  it  was  not 
done  by  the  Advice  or  Confent  of  the  Pid)lic  Council 
of  the  Nations,  tho'  they  frankly  owned  fome  of  their 
young  Men  had  been  concerned  in  it.  As  Counfel- 
lors  they  would  not  undertake  to  allign  the  Caufes  of 
their  Uneafinefs,  or  what  had  induced  them  to  ftrike 
the  liH^liJh,  leH:  it  fliould  appear  as  if  they  had  coun- 
tenanced the  War,  or  at  leaft  had  not  been  at  due 
Pains  to  prevent  it.  They  therefore  left  the  Warriors 
to  fpeak  for  themfelves.  The  Caufes  they  aligned 
were  the  fame  that  had  l)een  ailigncd  before.  Our 
Managers  were  very  earneft  to  have  the  Six  Nations 
Speaker  fay  he  fpoke  for  the  Dclaivarcs.  However, 
'■T'ccdyiifcHH^  maintained  his  Independancy;  and  as  foon 
as  ■T'oi//i!s  K/}/;^  fat  down,  he  arofe  ami  faid,  that  as  his 
Uncles  had  done,  he  would  fpeak  in  Behalf  of  his  own 
People;  and  as  his  Uncles  had  mentioned  feveral 
Cai;  I'S  of  Uneafinefs,  he  would  now  mention  one  in 
Behalf  of  the  Opines,  or  IFapings,  ik.c.  This  I  find 
differently  repreiented  in  the  printed  Treaty  ;  but  as 
there  are  feveral  other  Places  liable  to  Objeiftions,  I 
fliall,  if  I  have  Leifure,  fend  you  one  with  fome  Notes. 

You  fee  by  'Towns  King9>  Speech,  that  what  was 
conjertured  in  tiie  Enquiry  relating  to  the  Purchafe 
of  1754,  was  not  groundlefs,  and  that  that  Purchafe 
was  one  main  Caufe  of  the  War. 

I  finil  the  fame  Effec'l  may  be  attributed  to  different 
Caul'es;  for  the  going  away  of  the  Six  Nation  Chiefs, 
which  1,  who  was  not  fo  clear-fighted  as  to  difcover 
the  great  Diffatisfac'tion  faid  to  have  been  vifible  in 
the  Countenances  of  the  Indians,  attributed  to  the 
Coldnefs  of  the  Day  and  the  Fatigue  of  long  fitting, 
I  find  in  the  printed  Treaty  afcribed  to  their  Averfion 
to  Tccdyujcung  and  Difapprobation  of  what  he  was  fay- 
ing.— The  next  Day  tWtMimfeys,  diffatisfied  with  fome 
Part  of  the  Six  Nations  Conduft,  demanded  and  re- 
ceived back  the  Belt  by  which  they  had  put  themfelves 
and  their  Affairs  under  their  Dircftion,  and  gave  it  to 

Teedyufcung 


m 


■1  -'■ 


h\ 


■I    'i 


■h 

1          t 

.'t 
( 

I. 

1     ' 

1 

l:v  « 


(    iSo  ) 

'l'ecd\!ifcu)i^.  The  Cli)('cof  the  Conference  on  Friiiny, 
ORijhcr  20th,  was  notliinij;  bur  Confiifion.  After  the 
Cjo\'eni()r  hail  done,  S'lcids  the  Mnian-k  fiiitl  the  (io- 
vernor  left  'I'hinirs  in  the  Dark;  that  neither  he  nor 
any  of  the  Chiefs  knew  what  Lantls  he  meant;  if  he 
i'poke  of  the  Lands  beyond  the  Mountains,  they  had 
alreaily  confefled  their  ha\'ingfoKl  them;  but  the  Go- 
vernor had  their  Deetls,  whv  were  not  thefe  jirotluceti 
ami  iliewn  to  their  Coufins  the  D'/aivdrrs'^  IlereC 
ll^L'ifer  went  and  brought  the  Deeil  of  1749.  Nichos 
acknowledgetl  the  Deeil,  It  was  fliewn  to  ■ic((hufcioi\r-^ 
but  lie  eoukl  not  readil  ■  Ik'  made  to  uiulerftand  why 
it  was  now  brought,  ail  Matters  relating  to  Land 
lung  as  !"ie  'Iioii^ht  referred  to  the  Determination  of 
the  King,  (jovernor  Bcniiud  of  the  Jryfcxs,  who  had 
omethnig  to  iliv,  had  i"e\eral  Times  ilefired  to  be 
i.eard;  but  t!;e  Affair  of  the  Deed  fo  engrofled  the 
AVttention  of  our  (iovernor,  his  Council,  and  inter- 
preter, that  no  Kegaril  was  [iaid  to  what  (iovernor 
Bcniard  dedreti.  In  iliort  their  Heha\iour  on  the 
Occafion  was  lo  very  unpotite,  that  many  couKl  not 
help  bluiliing  for  them.  And  at  the  lail,  the  pro- 
ducing the  Deed  railed  fuch  a  CiHiimotion  among 
the  hid'uins^  that  they  broke  u|)  withour  giving  (io- 
vernor Bernard  an  CJpportunitN'  to  I'peak  a  Word. 

Next  Day  a  private  Co;)terence  was  held  with  the 
Chiefs  of  the  Indums.  As  our  People  lave  not 
thought  fit  to  publilh  it,  I  lliall  give  it  to  you  as  I 
had  it  from  fome  who  were  prefent. 

'■Teedyujcung  taking  out  a  String  of  white  aiid  black 
WamjHim,  told  the  Council  and  Commiifioi.ers  (the 
(iovernor  was  not  there)  that  he  had  matle  I'Jiquiry 
concerning  the  13eed  produced  '^'clle'tlav,  and  was  fi- 
tisfied  his  Uncles  hati  iold  the  Land  defcrib'd  therein; 
he  faw  likewife  that  Nutimus  the  Didd-icarr  Chief  had 
figned  the  Deed,  and  found  upon  Innuirv  that  he  hatl 
received  forty  four  Dollars,  part  of  Hie  Conluleration- 
Money.  1  his  l;eiiig  the  C;;!^,  he  ■•  'd  make  no  Dif- 
pute  about  that  Deed,  but  was  rca^iy  to  confirm  it;  for 

he 


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(    iSi     ) 

he  wiinteil  to  he  \\t  Pe;ice  with  his  Brothers  the  F.h^^HJJi, 
Mut  he  oh(er\'eil,  thtit  his  conriniiiivj;  tli:it  Deed  wouKl 
not  affei't  the  Claims  he  hiul  fortnerh'  iiuule;  for  the 
Laiuls  he  thought  liinifelf  priiu  ''v  wroiigeil  in,  hiy 
between  ■I'obkcun  ami  the  K'ttU.  ,,  Hills.  On  this 
he  gave  a  String.  After  he  had  delivered  the  String, 
'•fokahtiyo,  a  Cavir^a  Chief,  arofe,  ami  in  a  very  warm 
Speech  commendeil  the  Condue't  of  ■T'cedyufcioi'^j  and 
at  the  fame  Time  feverely  reprehended  that  of  the 
F.w^liJ.'i.  Me  tokl  ■I'dulyufcini'^,  'That  he  himfelf  and 
'the  other  Chiefs  were  ohligetl  to  him  for  his  Can- 
'(.lour  and  Opennefs;  that  they  plainlv  perceived  he 
'  fpoke  from  the  Heart,  in  the  fame  Manner  thev 
'  uled  to  do  in  aneient  Times,  when  they  lieKl  Coun- 
'  cils  together.  They  wiflied  they  could  fav  as  much 
'  of  the  /',;/:[/////;  hut  it  was  plain  the  l'Ji\^liJ/i  either  did 
'  not  underlhuul  hid'uui  AHairs,  or  elle  did  not  aft 
'  and  I'peak  with  that  Sincerity  and  in  the  Manner 
'  they  ought.  When  the  hulicjis  delivereil  Helts, 
'  they  were  large  ami  long;  Init  when  the  I'Jiglijh  re- 
'  turneel  an  Anfwer  or  Ipoke,  they  did  it  on  fmail 
'  Belts  and  triHing  little  Strings'''.  And  yet  the  En- 
'' li^lijh  maile  the  Wampum,  wliereas  the  hulliins  were 
'  obliged  to  buy  it.  But  the  Reafon  was,  the  hidians 
'  fj^oke  from  the  Heart,  the  lin^lijh  only  from  the 
'  IVlouth.  Befides,  how  little  the  En^^l'ijli  attended  to 
'  what  was  faid  appeared  from  this,  that  feveral  of  the 
'  Belts  ami  Strings  they  (the  Indians)  had  given  them, 
'  were  loll.'  [That  is  unanfiocrcd\  for  you'll  pleafe  to 
obferx'e  no  Anfwer  was  returned  to  the  Complaints 
the  Indians  made  refjKx'ting  Carolina,  the  O/'/'c^  Affair, 
or  the  Opines.']  '  If  the  KngUjIi  knew  no  better  how 
'  to  manage  Indian  Affairs,  they  fliould  not  call  them 
'  touether.  Here  thev  hatl  invitetl  them  tlown  to 
'  brighten  the  Chain  of  Peace,  but  inftead  ot  that, 
'  had  fpent  a  Fortnight  wrangling  and  difputing  about 

*  Anidiij;  the  Indiam  the  Size  of  tlic  Helts  they  give  witli  their 
Speeches,  i:.  iilwavs  in  I'roponion  to  their  Ideas  of  tlie  greater  or 
lefs  Iniportaiiee  of  the  Matters  treated  ol. 

'  Lands. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  M5S0 

(716)  872-4S03 


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1- '    ;    : 

H-r  ' 

iMf, 

irk- 

(  182  ) 

'  Lands.  What  nuifl:  tlic  People  of  Allegheny  think 
'of  this  Coiulud:  when  they  are  informed  of  it  l>y 
'  their  MefTengers?' 

On  '■Tiicfday  a  public  Kntertainment  was  given  to 
the  Indians^  and  in  the  Evening  the  Chiefs  were  call- 
ed together  l)v  A'.  Peters  antl  C  IVe'ifer.  Hitherto 
the  hid'mns^  the'  feveral  Times  prefled  to  it,  had  de- 
ferred giving  an  Anfwer  to  the  Propofal  made  on 
Behalf  of  the  Proprietors  to  releafe  hack,  to  the  In- 
dians the  Lands  of  the  Purchafe  of  1754,  Weft:  of  the 
Allegheny  Mountains,  provided  the  Indians  woulil 
confirm  to  them  the  Refidue  of  that  Purchafe.  But 
the  Deeds  iieing  drawn  uji  agreeable  to  what  the 
Proprietors  jiropofed,  it  now  remainetl  to  jierfuade 
the  Indians  to  ftgn  them  as  drawn.  Antl  'I'o-night 
'tis  faid  that  is  done.  I  wifti  this  may  not  be  a  I'oun- 
dation  of  frefti  Uneafinefs.  In  jniblic  Ccnincil  the', 
declared  rhev  would  confirm  no  more  o'i  that  Land 
than  what  wx'^  fettled  in  the  \'ear  1754,  for  which 
onh  thev  had  received  the  Coniideiation;  but  all  the 
rell  they  reclaimed.  Yet  now  by  the  Deed  as  drawn, 
ten  Tillies,  nav  I  may  fay  twenty  Times  as  much 
Land  is  conve\eil  as  was  then  fettled.  l'"or  the  h'.)i- 
glijh  Settlements  in  1754  exteiuied  but  a  little  Wav 
uj-»  the  JiDiiata  and  Sherman  s  Creek,  w hereas  the  pre- 
fcnt  (irant  reaches  to  the  .llle^^heny  Mountains.  May 
not  the  Warriors  to  whom  the  Lamls  have  been 
gi\en  for  hunting  (irounds  difipprove  this  (irant  as 
the\'  did  bef'ore,  and  maintain  their  Uigiit  bv  l'"orce 
of  Arms.''  I  vvifh  this  I'ear  mav  be  groundless.  Be- 
fules,  I  could  ha\e  wiftied  that  another  lime  than 
the  (Joj'e  oj  an  Enter tai)nnent  had  been  chofen  for  exe- 
cuting the  Deeiis,  confidering  the  In. Hans  P'ondnef's 
tor  Li(juor. 

But  1  havealreaiiy  too  much  traiifgrefVed  upon  vour 
Patience;  I  fliall  therefore  only  add  that  /  am^  i^c. 


A.V- 


*fl  jr- 


^ 


(  '«J  ) 

RxlraFl  of  a  Letter  from  one  of  the  Friendly  AlTociation 
/;/  Philadelphia,  dated  December  ii,  1758. 

At  the  late  Treaty  T'eedyufcung  confirmed  the  Pur- 
chafe  of  I74(/'';  his  Motives  for  this  Confirmation, 
were  to  engage  the  <.SV.v  Nationj  to  confirm  the  U'^yom- 
ifig  Lands  to  him  and  his  People;  hut  fuch  Meafures 
were  purfued,  by  our  proprietary  Managers,  to  pre- 
vent it,  and  to  fet  the  Indians  at  variance  with  each 
other,  that  all  our  Arguments,  Perfuafions  and  Pre- 
fents  were  fcarce  fufiicient  to  keep  them  from  an  open 
Rupture. 

The  Bufinefs  was  fhamefully  delayed  from  Day  to 
Day,  which  the  Minutes  are  calculated  to  fcreen;  but 
it  is  well  known  to  us  who  attended,  that  the  Time  was 
fpent  in  attempting  ■r'eedvufcung's  Downfal,  and  filenc- 
ing  or  contradicting  the  Complaints  he  had  made;  but 
he  is  really  more  of  a  Politician  than  any  of  his  Op- 
ponents, whether  in  or  out  of  our  proprietary  Coun- 
cil; and  if  he  could  be  kept  fober,  might  probably 
foon  become  Kmperorofall  the  neighbouring  Nations. 

His  old  Secretary  not  being  prefent,  when  the 
Treaty  began,  he  did  not  demand  the  Right  of 
having  one,  and  thought  it  unnecefTary,  as  he  was 
dcterminetl  rather  to  be  a  Spedator  than  adive  in 
public  Bufinefs,  fo  that  we  are  impofed  on  in  fome 
Minutes  of  Confecjuence. 

General  forbes'a  proceeding  with  fo  much  Caution 
has  furnillied  Occalion  for  many  imprudent  Reflec- 
tions; but  I  believe  he  purfued  the  onlv  Method,  in 
whicii  lie  cciuKl  have  fuccecded.  Whether  he  is  a 
Soldier  or  not  1  cannot  judge,  nor  is  it  my  Bufinefs; 
but  I  am  certain  he  is  a  confiderate  underftanding 
Man;  and  it  is  a  Happinefs  to  thefe  Provinces,  that 
he  prudently  determined  from  the  Entrance  on  the 
Command  here;  to  makeufeof  every  rational  Method 

*  This  \v;is  .1  I'Lirthafc  ni.ulc  by  tlic  Proprietors  from  the  Six 
Niitions,  of  Laiuls  (.-laimcil  In  tlu-  l)i/,ia\irr<. 

t,f 


.  u 


P 


If 


r  1  ,. 


(    i<^4   ) 

of  conciliating  the  J^'ricndfhip  of  the  hidicvis^  and  iliaw- 
ing  thcni  off  from  the  l''rc)i(l<\  fo  that  fince  we  hatl 
his  Countenance  and  Dircdions,  our  jKicific  Nego- 
tiations have  been  carried  on  with  fome  Spirit,  and 
have  had  the  delireil  Kffec^t, 

The  Mxprefs  left  the  (jeneral  at  l''ort  Duqiicfnc 
(now  Pilt\s-ljity\ib)  on  the  joth  ult.  and  favs  he  would 
rtay  to  meet  the  Indians^  of  whom  he  expected  five 
hundred  in  a  Day  or  two,  having  heard  they  were 
near  him  on  the  other  vSide  the  River,  lie  will,  no 
doubt,  provide  for  divers  Matters  lliamefully  ne- 
gleded  at  lidjlofi^  where  our  proprietary  Vgents  wifely 
releas'd  to  the  Indians  all  the  Lands  weliwanl  of  tlvj 
Mountains,  without  fo  much  as  ftipulating  for  the 
keeping  a  trading  Houfe  in  any  Part  of  that  exten- 
fi\'e  Country. 

This  Neglec'-t  is  now  much  noticeil;  and  as  we  are 
aflur'd  there  will  he  a  great  Want  of  (ioods  there 
this  Winter,  1  am  fitting  t)ut  two  Waggons  with 
aluuit  5  or  6oo  1.  worth  of  Strouds,  Hlankets,  Match- 
coats,  \'c.  which  Ihal!  he  fent  to  the  (Jeneral  either 
to  be  fold  or  given  away  in  fuch  Manner,  as  may 
moft  effedtualh'  promote  the  public  Intereft:  The 
Weather  being  pleai'ant  and  mild,  and  the  Roads 
gootl,  I  am  in  hopes  they  wi^l  be  conveved  to  Ray  s- 
•J'ljivn  in  a  tew  Days.  Our  Friendly  .llJociation  have, 
out  of  their  luiiul,  expended  upwanls  of  2000  1.  but 
the  Coil  of  thefe  (lootls  mull  be  paid  (if  the\  are 
given  away)  out  of  the  Contributions  of  the  McnonijU 
and  Sivcngfeldcrs^  who  put  about  i  <;oo  1.  into  my 
Ilanels  for  thel'e  Purjiofes. 


fJ-<  \  >  I 


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I 

% 
t 


V      I       \       I 


s. 


bidians^  and  cli-aw- 
that  fincc  wc  had 
iir  jiacific  Ncgo- 
fomc  Spirit,  and 

It   /'>>;•/   Dnqucfih' 

.11  d  fays  he  would 

lie  cxjicftcd  five 

heard  they  were 

er.      He  will,  no 

>  nianiefully   ne- 

iry  Agents  wifely 

welhvartl  of  tlvj 

pulating  for  the 

rt  of  that  exten- 

J;  and  as  we  are 

of  (ioods  there 

'  Waggons   with 

Uankets,  Match- 

e  (leneral  either 

Manner,  as  may 

c    Intereih    The 

and   the    Roads 

iveyeil  to  Riiys- 

.Ijjhcidtio)!  have, 

Is  of  2000  1.  Init 

•aid  (if  they  are 

of  the  Mcuunijfs 

500  1.    into    my 


Lake    Erie 


A  MA  r  oftlu'  PR« 

ri'.NSYLVA 

iiiff'/if/r{/rhtr/li/to  H/n/tratr  the.. 
In  11  I  A  >•       V 1:  \\ 

ma<h'  i>vtiii>^ro))rietaru 

thf  f'fnnn.<,-  ninr/r  hif  f/ir 

II n  l.mithSrtttrf/  dm/  not  Purrfia.' 

tlin/  iifitv  dfstrrnmit de  <'/• 


PART      of    V  I  R  G  I  X  I  A 


La  RE    Erie 


A  M  A  r  ot  tlw  IMIOVIX  I',    ol 
r  i:\SYLV  AN  I  A. 

in/r/u/f(/(/iirfli/to ll/ii/hvlr tlir.lrroniit  np/ir  . Srrirti/ 

In  It  I   v  >•       TiH  t  II  ASK  s 

ina.h>l»v»lii>JJrOprifti»rte«..rUi,.  r.nai'n.vime 

Ihr  rffiiin-v  nini/r  h//  t/ir  /  •  \'  ii  i .  i,  \  •  ,k  , 

(in  /.aiiJ.\Srf//rf/  iiiiif  nil/  /'Nirliii.icif  o/'t/irni  niitf  fhr  Truct 
thfii  iinir  ilrsirriniii^ hr  (i//<ilt!i/ /or Ihi-iii  Solrlif. 


Oj  rn'iiufd 


A  B  C  D  defcribes  the  Lands  granted  by  the 
Indians  Walking-Sale,  as  lately  walk- 
ed out  by  W.  Pearfon,  containing 
330,000  Acres. 

A  E  F  G  defcribes  the  Land  of  the  fame  Grant 
according  to  the  Proprietaries  Claim, 
containing  about  1,000,000  Acres. 

H  I  K  L  the  Bounds  of  the  Grant  made  by 
the  Six  Nations,  in  1 749,  containing 
about  1,500,000  Acres. 

H  M  N  O  the  Land  defired  by  Teedyufcung  to 
be  fecured  for  a  Settlement  for  the 
Indians,  containing  about  2,000,000 
Acres. 

L  H  P  Q_R  S  the  Bounds  of  the  Purchafe  of 
1754,  containing  about  7,000,000 
Acres. 


T.-Trffr/y.'   .HUilp 


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